chlortetracycline and Adenocarcinoma

Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a serine/threonine protein kinase and plays a critical role in mitosis. PLK1 has also been regarded as a valuable target for cancer treatment, and several PLK1 inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical investigations. In this study, our data show that the expression level of PLK1 is upregulated in human pancreatic cancer cells. Molecular modeling studies indicate that DMTC inhibits PLK1 activity through competitive displacement of ATP from its binding pocket. Our data further show that DMTC suppresses the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells and induces the formation of multinucleated cells, ultimately resulting in apoptosis. In addition, combination index analysis demonstrates that DMTC acts synergistically with the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine in inhibiting the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. These results thus suggest a potential of using PLK1 inhibitors for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Apoptosis; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Chlortetracycline; Deoxycytidine; Drug Synergism; Gemcitabine; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Polo-Like Kinase 1; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins

Pharmaceuticals in the environment are of growing concern for their potential consequences on human and ecosystem health. Alterations in the endocrine system in humans or wildlife are of special interest because these alterations could eventually lead to changes in reproductive fitness. Using the H295R cell line, the potential endocrine disrupting effects of six pharmaceuticals including diclofenac, erythromycin, sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole, oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline were investigated. After exposure to each target pharmaceutical for 48 h, production of 17beta-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T), aromatase (CYP19) enzyme activity, or expression of steroidogenic genes were measured. Concentrations of E2 in blood plasma were determined in male Japanese medaka fish after 14 d exposure to sulfathiazole, oxytetracycline, or chlortetracycline. Among the pharmaceuticals studied, sulfathiazole, oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline all significantly affected E2 production by H295R cells. This mechanism of the effect was enhanced aromatase activity and up-regulation of mRNAs for CYP17, CYP19, and 3betaHSD, all of which are important components of steroidogenic pathways. Sulfathiazole was the most potent compound affecting steroidogenesis in H295R cells, followed by chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline. Sulfathiazole significantly increased aromatase activity at 0.2 mg/l. In medaka fish, concentrations of E2 in plasma increased significantly during 14-d exposure to 50 or 500 mg/l sulfathiazole, or 40 mg/l chlortetracycline. Based on the results of this study, certain pharmaceuticals could affect steroidogenic pathway and alter sex hormone balance. Concentrations of the pharmaceuticals studied that have been reported to occur in rivers of Korea are much less than the thresholds for effects on the endpoints studied here. Thus, it is unlikely that these pharmaceuticals are causing adverse effects on fish in those rivers.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Chlortetracycline; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Male; Oryzias; Oxytetracycline; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sulfathiazole; Sulfathiazoles; Water Pollutants, Chemical

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Coagulation Tests; Chlortetracycline; Cholecystitis; Female; Gallstones; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Postoperative Complications