Page last updated: 2024-10-25

chlorpromazine and Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced

chlorpromazine has been researched along with Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced in 96 studies

Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.
chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.

Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced: Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"This pooled analysis of four 6-week, randomized, open-label, parallel trials of patients with schizophrenia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) compared the efficacy and tolerability of olanzapine (5-20 mg/d) with those of chlorpromazine (200-800 mg/d)."9.12Olanzapine versus chlorpromazine in the treatment of schizophrenia: a pooled analysis of four 6-week, randomized, open-label studies in the Middle East and North Africa. ( Dominguez, S; Dossenbach, M; Huang, X; Kryzhanovskaya, L; Saylan, M; Treuer, T, 2007)
"Patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia (DSM-III-R criteria; n = 158) were allocated on a random, double-blind basis to receive zotepine (150 or 300 mg/day), chlorpromazine (300 or 600 mg/day) or placebo for 8 weeks."9.09A placebo-controlled comparison of zotepine versus chlorpromazine in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. ( Butler, A; Cooper, SJ; Raniwalla, J; Tweed, J; Welch, C, 2000)
"We have observed two cases of chlorpromazine-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS); both were transiently responsive to intravenous diazepam challenge, but not to blind placebo or amyobarbitol."9.05Chlorpromazine-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome and its response to diazepam. ( Lew, TY; Tollefson, G, 1983)
"A four week double-blind study comparing pimozide and chlorpromazine was designed to test the hypothesis that pimozide, a powerful dopamine receptor blocker, is more effective in the treatment of acute schizophrenia than chlorpromazine."9.05Comparison of pimozide and chlorpromazine in acute schizophrenia. ( Allan, T; McClure, DJ; Pecknold, JC; Wrzesinski, L, 1982)
"To determine the clinical effects, safety and cost-effectiveness of chlorpromazine compared with clotiapine for adults with schizophrenia."8.95Chlorpromazine versus clotiapine for schizophrenia. ( Bazrafshan, A; Esmailian, S; Goughari, AS; Mazhari, S; Shah-Esmaeili, A; Zare, M, 2017)
"This pooled analysis of four 6-week, randomized, open-label, parallel trials of patients with schizophrenia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) compared the efficacy and tolerability of olanzapine (5-20 mg/d) with those of chlorpromazine (200-800 mg/d)."5.12Olanzapine versus chlorpromazine in the treatment of schizophrenia: a pooled analysis of four 6-week, randomized, open-label studies in the Middle East and North Africa. ( Dominguez, S; Dossenbach, M; Huang, X; Kryzhanovskaya, L; Saylan, M; Treuer, T, 2007)
"Patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia (DSM-III-R criteria; n = 158) were allocated on a random, double-blind basis to receive zotepine (150 or 300 mg/day), chlorpromazine (300 or 600 mg/day) or placebo for 8 weeks."5.09A placebo-controlled comparison of zotepine versus chlorpromazine in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. ( Butler, A; Cooper, SJ; Raniwalla, J; Tweed, J; Welch, C, 2000)
"We have observed two cases of chlorpromazine-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS); both were transiently responsive to intravenous diazepam challenge, but not to blind placebo or amyobarbitol."5.05Chlorpromazine-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome and its response to diazepam. ( Lew, TY; Tollefson, G, 1983)
"A four week double-blind study comparing pimozide and chlorpromazine was designed to test the hypothesis that pimozide, a powerful dopamine receptor blocker, is more effective in the treatment of acute schizophrenia than chlorpromazine."5.05Comparison of pimozide and chlorpromazine in acute schizophrenia. ( Allan, T; McClure, DJ; Pecknold, JC; Wrzesinski, L, 1982)
"To determine the clinical effects, safety and cost-effectiveness of chlorpromazine compared with clotiapine for adults with schizophrenia."4.95Chlorpromazine versus clotiapine for schizophrenia. ( Bazrafshan, A; Esmailian, S; Goughari, AS; Mazhari, S; Shah-Esmaeili, A; Zare, M, 2017)
" We have pursued evidence for the existence and nature of discontinuation syndromes following neuroleptics through reports of difficulties following the use of dopamine blocking anti-emetics, the use of chlorpromazine to treat tuberculosis, the use of antidepressant-neuroleptic combinations in affective disorders, the occurrence of tardive syndromes and studies designed to establish the existence of discontinuation syndromes in schizophrenia."4.80Neuroleptic discontinuation syndromes. ( Healy, D; Tranter, R, 1998)
"Three patients, aged 23-33 years, with the diagnosis of schizophrenia, developed symptoms of tardive dyskinesia while receiving neuroleptic treatment, mostly with haloperidol."3.65Diazepam in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Preliminary observations. ( Singh, MM, 1976)
"Chlorpromazine was found to be significantly better than remoxipride on the dropout rate due to inefficacy, Clinical Global Impression (CGI) of severity of illness and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)."2.67A placebo-controlled clinical trial of remoxipride and chlorpromazine in newly admitted schizophrenic patients with acute exacerbation. ( Chouinard, G, 1990)
"Pimozide was found to exert somewhat less of an overall therapeutic effect than chlorpromazine, particularly in highly agitated patients."2.65Pimozide in the treatment of newly admitted schizophrenic patients. ( Annable, L; Chouinard, G, 1982)
" This study was planned to investigate changes in striatal levels of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin after acute and chronic administration of classical neuroleptics (haloperidol and chlorpromazine)."1.35In vivo microdialysis studies of striatal level of neurotransmitters after haloperidol and chlorpromazine administration. ( Bishnoi, M; Chopra, K; Kulkarni, SK, 2009)
" The present study compares the effect of chronic administration of typical and atypical antipsychotics on neurochemical profile in rat forebrain."1.34Comparative neurochemical changes associated with chronic administration of typical and atypical neuroleptics: implications in tardive dyskinesia. ( Bishnoi, M; Chopra, K; Kulkarni, SK; Kumar, A, 2007)
" Chronic administration of haloperidol (1 mg/kg) and chlorpromazine (5 mg/kg) resulted in a time-dependent increase in orofacial hyperkinetic movements."1.34Neurochemical changes associated with chronic administration of typical antipsychotics and its relationship with tardive dyskinesia. ( Bishnoi, M; Chopra, K; Kulkarni, SK, 2007)
"Risperidone (4 mg/day) was added to her drug regimen and after increasing the dosage to 6 mg/day, she began to exhibit retrocollis."1.31Tardive dystonia provoked by concomitantly administered risperidone. ( Hori, M; Hori, T; Kawanishi, Y; Shiraishi, H; Suzuki, T; Tachikawa, H, 2000)
"Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) in Parkinson's disease (PD) may be classified into three main categories: "On" dyskinesias, diphasic dyskinesias (DD), and "off" periods."1.28Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: clinical and pharmacological classification. ( Gershanik, O; Luquin, MR; Obeso, JA; Scipioni, O; Vaamonde, J, 1992)
"Of these patients, 85% experienced withdrawal symptoms, mainly insomnia, anxiety, and tensional restlessness."1.27Withdrawal symptoms after long-term treatment with low-potency neuroleptics. ( Annable, L; Bradwejn, J; Chouinard, G; Jones, BD; Ross-Chouinard, A, 1984)
" Such variations have been attributed to individual metabolism, pharmacologic differences, and age--all of which may need careful consideration in prescribing an appropriate dosage regimen for a given patient."1.27Interpatient variations in antipsychotic therapy. ( Gershon, S; McIntyre, IM, 1985)
"Relationships of neuroleptic dosage and tardive dyskinesia with measures of attentional, information-processing, and psychophysiological dysfunctions in medicated chronic schizophrenics were explored by correlational and stepwise multiple-regression analysis."1.27Relation of neuroleptic dose and tardive dyskinesia to attention, information-processing, and psychophysiology in medicated schizophrenics. ( Coyne, L; Hayes, K; Lacoursiere, R; Mazur, D; Spohn, HE, 1985)
"Rats with ablated frontal sensorimotor cortex and one with ablated sensorimotor connections to forebrain showed more vacuous chewing movements following 6-week chronic administration of a neuroleptic than did occipitally damaged rats or normal controls who were treated in the same way."1.26Oral dyskinesia in brain-damaged rats withdrawn from a neuroleptic: implication for models of tardive dyskinesia. ( Glassman, HN; Glassman, RB, 1980)

Research

Studies (96)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199060 (62.50)18.7374
1990's17 (17.71)18.2507
2000's15 (15.63)29.6817
2010's4 (4.17)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Mazhari, S1
Esmailian, S1
Shah-Esmaeili, A1
Goughari, AS1
Bazrafshan, A1
Zare, M1
Deng, H1
Xu, J1
Kulkarni, SK5
Bishnoi, M5
Chopra, K5
Lee, J1
Jiang, J1
Sim, K1
Chong, SA1
Kane, JM1
Correll, CU1
Dean, CE1
Kuskowski, MA1
Caligiuri, MP2
Kumar, A1
Dossenbach, M1
Treuer, T1
Kryzhanovskaya, L1
Saylan, M1
Dominguez, S1
Huang, X1
Preskorn, SH1
Lerner, V1
Miodownik, C1
Kaptsan, A1
Bersudsky, Y1
Libov, I1
Sela, BA1
Witztum, E1
Weiden, PJ1
DeVeaugh-Geiss, J1
Glassman, RB1
Glassman, HN1
Ringwald, E1
Lustig, A1
Moscovici, M1
Spiegel, R1
Vamos, E1
Gale, K1
Casu, M1
Klawans, HL2
Goetz, CG2
Carvey, P2
Brown, WA1
Hollister, LE1
Chouinard, G3
Bradwejn, J1
Annable, L2
Jones, BD1
Ross-Chouinard, A1
Tuason, VB1
Escobar, JI1
Garvey, M1
Schiele, B1
Lew, TY1
Tollefson, G1
McKinney, WT1
Moran, EC1
Kraemer, GW1
Prange, AJ1
Yassa, R2
Dimitry, R1
Mueller, J1
Aminoff, MJ1
Pecknold, JC1
McClure, DJ1
Allan, T1
Wrzesinski, L1
Weiner, WJ1
Werner, TR1
Smith, JM1
Burke, MP1
Moon, CO1
Breuning, SE3
Ferguson, DG3
Cullari, S2
O'Neill, MJ1
Risch, SC1
Cohen, RM1
Kalin, NH1
Van Putten, T1
May, PR1
Wilkins, JN1
Awad, AG1
Gingell, K1
Nadarajah, J1
Lewander, T1
Bollini, P1
Pampallona, S1
Orza, MJ1
Adams, ME1
Chalmers, TC1
Tranter, R1
Healy, D1
Cohen, D1
Cooper, SJ2
Tweed, J1
Raniwalla, J1
Butler, A1
Welch, C1
Khan, M1
Farver, D1
Tachikawa, H1
Suzuki, T1
Kawanishi, Y1
Hori, M1
Hori, T1
Shiraishi, H1
Liao, DL1
Yeh, YC1
Chen, HM1
Chen, H1
Hong, CJ1
Tsai, SJ1
Darvesh, S1
MacKnight, C1
Rockwood, K1
Quitkin, F2
Rifkin, A2
Gochfeld, L1
Klein, DF2
Lee, AS1
Davis, JM1
Casper, R1
Hogarty, GE1
Ulrich, RF1
Kane, J1
Struve, F1
Rotenberg, VS1
Arshavsky, VV1
Guy, W1
Petrie, W1
Cleary, P1
Gelenberg, AJ1
Doller, JC1
Bourgeois, M1
Doongaji, DR1
Shader, RI1
Elkins, R1
Ciraulo, D1
Salzman, C1
Levinson, P1
Malen, R1
Hogben, G1
Smith, H1
Eibergen, RD2
Carlson, KR2
Pfefferbaum, A1
Berger, PA1
Allen, RE1
Stimmel, GL1
Sedvall, G1
Jeste, DV2
Olgiati, SG1
Ghali, AY1
Singh, MM1
Sandyk, R1
Kay, SR2
Koshino, Y1
Madokoro, S1
Ito, T1
Horie, T1
Mukai, M1
Isaki, K1
Luquin, MR1
Scipioni, O1
Vaamonde, J1
Gershanik, O1
Obeso, JA1
Sachdev, P1
Tang, WM1
Gregory, RP1
Smith, PT1
Rudge, P1
Saltz, BL1
McClelland, HA1
Metcalfe, AV1
Kerr, TA1
Dutta, D1
Watson, P1
Mackert, A1
Woyth, C1
Flechtner, KM1
Frick, K1
Sethi, KD1
Hitri, A1
Diamond, BI1
Merriam, AE1
Opler, LA1
Kushner, SF1
van Praag, HM1
Rao, JM1
Cowie, VA1
Mathew, B1
Deniker, P1
Harris, MJ1
Doherty, MM1
King, DJ1
Tanner, CM1
McIntyre, IM1
Gershon, S1
Johnson, DA1
Spohn, HE1
Coyne, L1
Lacoursiere, R1
Mazur, D1
Hayes, K1
Trelles, L1
Trelles, JO1
Castaneda, C1
Castro, C1
Kovacic, B1
Ruffing, D1
Stanley, M1
Dufresne, RL1
Wagner, RL1
Galdi, J1
Bonato, RR1
Bowers, MB1
Swigar, ME1
Canoso, RT1
Romero, JA1
Yunis, EJ1
Chaturvedi, SK1
Gerhardt, S1
Gerber, R1
Liebman, JM1
Markianos, M1
Tripodianakis, J1
Addonizio, G1

Reviews

12 reviews available for chlorpromazine and Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced

ArticleYear
Chlorpromazine versus clotiapine for schizophrenia.
    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017, Apr-07, Volume: 4

    Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Dibenzothiazepines; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Humans; Intentio

2017
Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia.
    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017, 06-28, Volume: 6

    Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Dyskinesia,

2017
Past and present progress in the pharmacologic treatment of schizophrenia.
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2010, Volume: 71, Issue:9

    Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Melli

2010
Dynamic utilization of GABA in substantia nigra: regulation by dopamine and GABA in the striatum, and its clinical and behavioral implications.
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 1981, Sep-25, Volume: 39

    Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Afferent Pathways; Aminocaproates; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Behavior, A

1981
Prolactin levels and effects of neuroleptics.
    Psychosomatics, 1983, Volume: 24, Issue:6

    Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Biological Availability; Chlorpromazine; Drug Tolerance; Dyskinesia, Drug-Indu

1983
Drug treatment of schizophrenia.
    The Psychiatric clinics of North America, 1984, Volume: 7, Issue:3

    Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Antiparkinson Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Chemical Phenomena; Ch

1984
Neuroleptics and the neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome.
    Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1994, Volume: 380

    Topics: Affective Symptoms; Antipsychotic Agents; Arousal; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Humans;

1994
Antipsychotic drugs: is more worse? A meta-analysis of the published randomized control trials.
    Psychological medicine, 1994, Volume: 24, Issue:2

    Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Chronic Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dyskinesia,

1994
Neuroleptic discontinuation syndromes.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 1998, Volume: 12, Issue:4

    Topics: Antiemetics; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Humans; Mood Disorders;

1998
Rapid resolution of antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia with olanzapine.
    South Dakota journal of medicine, 2000, Volume: 53, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Bipolar Disorder; Chlorpromazine; Chronic Disease; Dysk

2000
Antipsychotic drugs: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use.
    Drugs, 1977, Volume: 14, Issue:4

    Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Do

1977
Antipsychotic medication: clinical guidelines for maintenance therapy.
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1985, Volume: 46, Issue:5 Pt 2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Ambulatory Care; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Basal Ganglia Dise

1985

Trials

16 trials available for chlorpromazine and Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced

ArticleYear
Olanzapine versus chlorpromazine in the treatment of schizophrenia: a pooled analysis of four 6-week, randomized, open-label studies in the Middle East and North Africa.
    Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2007, Volume: 27, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Africa, Northern; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Chlorpromazine; Dyskines

2007
Vitamin B6 treatment for tardive dyskinesia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2007, Volume: 68, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Antipsychotic Agents; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Chlorpromazine; Cross-Over Studies; Doubl

2007
Loxapine versus chlorpromazine in paranoid schizophrenia: a double-blind study.
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1984, Volume: 45, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Chlorpromazine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dibenzoxazepines; Dizziness

1984
Chlorpromazine-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome and its response to diazepam.
    Biological psychiatry, 1983, Volume: 18, Issue:12

    Topics: Brain; Chlorpromazine; Diazepam; Dopamine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Dystonia; Female; Fever; gamma-

1983
Pimozide in the treatment of newly admitted schizophrenic patients.
    Psychopharmacology, 1982, Volume: 76, Issue:1

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Chlorpromazine; Double-Blind Method; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; Humans;

1982
Comparison of pimozide and chlorpromazine in acute schizophrenia.
    Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 1982, Volume: 27, Issue:3

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Chlorpromazine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Dyskinesia, Dru

1982
A placebo-controlled comparison of zotepine versus chlorpromazine in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia.
    Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2000, Volume: 101, Issue:3

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Dibenzothiepins; Dose-Respon

2000
Association between the Ser9Gly polymorphism of the dopamine D3 receptor gene and tardive dyskinesia in Chinese schizophrenic patients.
    Neuropsychobiology, 2001, Volume: 44, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; DNA; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female

2001
Antipsychotic drugs: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use.
    Drugs, 1977, Volume: 14, Issue:4

    Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Do

1977
Temporal effects of drug and placebo in delaying relapse in schizophrenic outpatients.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1977, Volume: 34, Issue:3

    Topics: Aftercare; Chlorpromazine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Humans; Longitudinal

1977
Are prophylactic antiparkinson drugs necessary? A controlled study of procyclidine withdrawal.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1978, Volume: 35, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aftercare; Bipolar Disorder; Chlorpromazine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; D

1978
The incidence of treatment emergent symptoms under chlorpromazine and placebo conditions [proceedings].
    Psychopharmacology bulletin, 1978, Volume: 14, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Chlorpromazine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; Humans; Male; Pla

1978
Clozapine versus chlorpromazine for the treatment of schizophrenia: preliminary results from a double-blind study.
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1979, Volume: 40, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Chlorpromazine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clozapine; Dibenzazepines; Double-Blind Metho

1979
A placebo-controlled clinical trial of remoxipride and chlorpromazine in newly admitted schizophrenic patients with acute exacerbation.
    Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1990, Volume: 358

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzamides; Chlorpromazine; Clonazepam; Dose

1990
Tardive dystonia. The benefits of time.
    The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1989, Volume: 155

    Topics: Adult; Chlorpromazine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dys

1989
Relationship of adverse drug reactions to length of hospital-stay in genetically subgrouped schizophrenics.
    Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 1988, Volume: 33, Issue:9

    Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depressive Disorder; Double-Blind Me

1988

Other Studies

69 other studies available for chlorpromazine and Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced

ArticleYear
In vivo microdialysis studies of striatal level of neurotransmitters after haloperidol and chlorpromazine administration.
    Indian journal of experimental biology, 2009, Volume: 47, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Basal Ganglia; Behavior, Animal; Catalepsy; Chlorpromazine; Corpus St

2009
The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in Chinese Singaporean patients with schizophrenia: revisited.
    Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2010, Volume: 30, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Antipsychotic Agents; Asian People; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; H

2010
Predictors of neuroleptic-induced dyskinesia and parkinsonism: the influence of measurement methods and definitions.
    Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2006, Volume: 26, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Age Distribution; Age Factors; Aged; Aging; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Craniocereb

2006
Comparative neurochemical changes associated with chronic administration of typical and atypical neuroleptics: implications in tardive dyskinesia.
    Indian journal of experimental biology, 2007, Volume: 45, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Weight; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Dopamine; Dyskinesia, Drug-In

2007
Possible anti-oxidant and neuroprotective mechanisms of zolpidem in attenuating typical anti-psychotic-induced orofacial dyskinesia: a biochemical and neurochemical study.
    Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2007, Jun-30, Volume: 31, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; Antioxidants; Antipsychotic Agents; Catalase; Chlorpromazine; Diaze

2007
Neurochemical changes associated with chronic administration of typical antipsychotics and its relationship with tardive dyskinesia.
    Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, 2007, Volume: 29, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chlorpromazine; Dopamine; Dyskinesia, Drug-I

2007
The evolution of antipsychotic drug therapy: reserpine, chlorpromazine, and haloperidol.
    Journal of psychiatric practice, 2007, Volume: 13, Issue:4

    Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Europe; Haloperidol; History, 20th C

2007
U-74500A (lazaroid), a 21-aminosteroid attenuates neuroleptic-induced orofacial dyskinesia.
    Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, 2007, Volume: 29, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Disease Models, Animal; Dyskinesia, Dru

2007
Antipsychotic-induced movement disorders - forgotten but not gone.
    Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2008, Volume: 117, Issue:6

    Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Dopamine; Dyskinesi

2008
Tardive Tourette syndrome.
    Neurology, 1980, Volume: 30, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Hum

1980
Oral dyskinesia in brain-damaged rats withdrawn from a neuroleptic: implication for models of tardive dyskinesia.
    Psychopharmacology, 1980, Volume: 69, Issue:1

    Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Apomorphine; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chlorpromazine; Di

1980
[Effect of high single doses of bromocriptine in schizophrenic patients with elevated serum prolactin levels and extrapyramidal side effects associated with neuroleptic treatment (author's transl)].
    Pharmakopsychiatrie, Neuro-Psychopharmakologie, 1980, Volume: 13, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Bromocriptine; Chlorpromazine; Chronic Disease; Dose-Response Relations

1980
Animal models of tardive dyskinesias.
    Clinical neuropharmacology, 1983, Volume: 6, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Apomorphine; Chlorpromazine; Disease Models, Animal; Dyskinesia, Drug

1983
Withdrawal symptoms after long-term treatment with low-potency neuroleptics.
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1984, Volume: 45, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Anxiety Disorders; Chlorproma

1984
Long-term chlorpromazine in rhesus monkeys: production of dyskinesias and changes in social behavior.
    Psychopharmacology, 1980, Volume: 72, Issue:1

    Topics: Aggression; Animals; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Hand; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Mouth;

1980
Single phenothiazines and tardive dyskinesia.
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1983, Volume: 44, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Thioridazine; Trifluope

1983
Tourette-like syndrome after long-term neuroleptic drug treatment.
    The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1982, Volume: 141

    Topics: Adult; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Haloperidol; Humans; Male; Substance Withdrawal Syn

1982
Mania-induced remission of tardive dyskinesia in manic-depressive illness.
    Annals of neurology, 1982, Volume: 12, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Haloperidol; Humans; Male; Remiss

1982
Long-term changes in AIMS ratings and their relation to medication history [proceedings].
    Psychopharmacology bulletin, 1981, Volume: 17, Issue:1

    Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Schi

1981
Analysis of single, double-blind procedures, maintenance of placebo effects, and drug-induced dyskinesia with mentally retarded persons--a brief report [proceedings].
    Psychopharmacology bulletin, 1981, Volume: 17, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Chlorpromazine; Double-Blind Method; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; Halo

1981
Analysis of single-double blind procedures, maintenance of placebo effects and drug induced dyskinesia with mentally retarded persons.
    Applied research in mental retardation, 1980, Volume: 1, Issue:3-4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Chlorpromazine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Evaluation; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female;

1980
Comparison of psychotropic drug, response cost, and psychotropic drug plus response cost procedures for controlling institutionalized mentally retarded persons.
    Applied research in mental retardation, 1980, Volume: 1, Issue:3-4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Behavior Therapy; Chlorpromazine; Double-Blind Method; Dyskinesia, Drug-Ind

1980
Propranolol, chlorpromazine, and tardive dyskinesia.
    The American journal of psychiatry, 1980, Volume: 137, Issue:9

    Topics: Biological Availability; Chlorpromazine; Drug Interactions; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Propranolol

1980
Importance of akinesia: plasma chlorpromazine and prolactin levels.
    The American journal of psychiatry, 1980, Volume: 137, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Affective Symptoms; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Humans; Prolactin; Schizophreni

1980
Subjective response to neuroleptics in schizophrenia.
    Schizophrenia bulletin, 1993, Volume: 19, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Affective Symptoms; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; H

1993
A controlled community study of movement disorder in people with learning difficulties on anti-psychotic medication.
    Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR, 1994, Volume: 38 ( Pt 1)

    Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Diagnosis, Differential; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr

1994
What is appropriate disclosure?
    Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien, 1999, Volume: 45

    Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Humans; In

1999
Tardive dystonia provoked by concomitantly administered risperidone.
    Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2000, Volume: 54, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induce

2000
Butyrylcholinesterase and cognitive function.
    International psychogeriatrics, 2001, Volume: 13, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Brain; Butyrylcholinesterase; Chlorpromazine; Cholinergic Antagonists; Cognition Disorders; D

2001
Tardive dyskinesia: are first signs reversible?
    The American journal of psychiatry, 1977, Volume: 134, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; Fluphenazine; Haloper

1977
Drug-induced dystonic reactions.
    JACEP, 1977, Volume: 6, Issue:8

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; Hum

1977
Search activity and its impact on experimental and clinical pathology.
    Activitas nervosa superior, 1979, Volume: 21, Issue:2

    Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Alcoholism; Animals; Anxiety; Brain Mapping; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-

1979
[Tardive Dyskinesia induced by neuroleptics: a survey of 3140 patients in a psychiatric hospital].
    L'Encephale, 1977, Volume: 3, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Antiparkinson Agents; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Chlorpromazine; Diagnosis, Differential; Dyskine

1977
The treatment of tardive dyskinesia with penfluridol. A case report.
    Neurology India, 1977, Volume: 25, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Humans; Male; Penfluridol; Piperidines; Trifluopera

1977
On guidelines for maximum dosages.
    The American journal of psychiatry, 1978, Volume: 135, Issue:4

    Topics: Chlorpromazine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Humans; Middle Aged; Tra

1978
Psychological factors in susceptibility to drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms.
    The American journal of psychiatry, 1978, Volume: 135, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Chlorpromazine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dyskinesia, Drug-In

1978
Dyskinesias in monkeys: interaction of methamphetamine with prior methadone treatment.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1976, Volume: 5, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Diazepam; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Haloperidol; Haplorhini; Hum

1976
Susceptibility to amphetamine-elicited dyskinesias following chronic methadone treatment in monkeys.
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1976, Volume: 281

    Topics: Animals; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Diazepam; Drug Interactions; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Haloperid

1976
Narcolepsy, paranoid psychosis, and tardive dyskinesia: a pharmacological dilemma.
    The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 1977, Volume: 164, Issue:4

    Topics: Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Fluphenazine; Humans; Imipramine; Male; Middle Aged; Narco

1977
Neuroleptic dosage, duration, and tardive dyskinesia.
    Diseases of the nervous system, 1977, Volume: 38, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Receptors, Dopamine; T

1977
[Treatment of schizophrenia. Clinical pharmacological viewpoint].
    Lakartidningen, 1977, Jun-01, Volume: 74, Issue:22

    Topics: Chlorpromazine; Drug Evaluation; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Humans; Schizophrenia

1977
Masking of tardive dyskinesia with four times-a-day administration of chlorpromazine.
    Diseases of the nervous system, 1977, Volume: 38, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Chlorpromazine; Drug Administration Schedule; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; Humans; Schiz

1977
Diazepam in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Preliminary observations.
    International pharmacopsychiatry, 1976, Volume: 11, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Chlorpromazine; Diazepam; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; Haloperidol; Humans; Male; Schizo

1976
"Positive" and "negative" movement disorders in schizophrenia.
    The International journal of neuroscience, 1992, Volume: 66, Issue:3-4

    Topics: Adult; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; Humans; Male; Parkinson Disease, Secondary;

1992
A survey of tardive dyskinesia in psychiatric inpatients in Japan.
    Clinical neuropharmacology, 1992, Volume: 15, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Dyski

1992
Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: clinical and pharmacological classification.
    Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 1992, Volume: 7, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Apomorphine; Chlorpromazine; Dopamine Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dyskinesia, Dr

1992
Psychotic symptoms preceding ocular deviation in a patient with tardive oculogyric crises.
    The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 1992, Volume: 26, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Benztropine; Chlorpromazine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dyskines

1992
Tardive dyskinesia presenting as severe dysphagia.
    Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 1992, Volume: 55, Issue:12

    Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Chlorpromazine; Deglutition Disorders; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; Flupenthi

1992
Tardive dyskinesia in the elderly patient.
    Hospital practice (Office ed.), 1992, Apr-15, Volume: 27, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Chlorpromazine; Chronic Disease; Clonazepam; Clozapine; Depressive Disorder; Desipramine; Diph

1992
Facial dyskinesia: a 16-year follow-up study.
    The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1991, Volume: 158

    Topics: Affective Disorders, Psychotic; Aged; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Chlorpromazine; Dose-Response Rel

1991
[Increased blink rate in schizophrenic patients].
    Der Nervenarzt, 1990, Volume: 61, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Blinking; Chlorpromazine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dyskinesia,

1990
Phenytoin potentiation of neuroleptic-induced dyskinesias.
    Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 1990, Volume: 5, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Chlorpromazine; Corpus Striatum; Drug Synergism; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Male; Phenytoin;

1990
Neurological signs and the positive-negative dimension in schizophrenia.
    Biological psychiatry, 1990, Aug-01, Volume: 28, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Chlorpromazine; Chronic Disease; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Male; Neuroc

1990
Neuroleptic-induced parkinsonian side effects in the mentally handicapped.
    Journal of mental deficiency research, 1989, Volume: 33 ( Pt 1)

    Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; Humans; Intellectual

1989
From chlorpromazine to tardive dyskinesia (brief history of the neuroleptics).
    Psychiatric journal of the University of Ottawa : Revue de psychiatrie de l'Universite d'Ottawa, 1989, Volume: 14, Issue:1

    Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; France; History, 20th Century; Human

1989
Instrumental assessment of lingual motor instability in tardive dyskinesia.
    Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 1989, Volume: 2, Issue:4

    Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Humans; Movement; Tongue

1989
The pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia.
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1985, Volume: 46, Issue:4 Pt 2

    Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Apomorphine; Behavior, Animal; Chlorpromazine; Corpus Striatum; Disea

1985
Interpatient variations in antipsychotic therapy.
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1985, Volume: 46, Issue:5 Pt 2

    Topics: Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Chlorpromazine; Dose-Response Relationshi

1985
Relation of neuroleptic dose and tardive dyskinesia to attention, information-processing, and psychophysiology in medicated schizophrenics.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 1985, Volume: 42, Issue:9

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Attention; Chlorpromazine; Chronic Disease; Dyskinesia, Dru

1985
[Disappearance of tardive dyskinesia in a manic attack].
    Revue neurologique, 1985, Volume: 141, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Bipolar Disorder; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Humans; Male; Neurotransmitter Age

1985
Effect of neuroleptics and of potential new antipsychotic agents (MJ 13859-1 and MJ 13980-1) on a monkey model of tardive dyskinesia.
    Journal of neural transmission, 1986, Volume: 65, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Cebus; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; H

1986
Antipsychotic-withdrawal akathisia versus antipsychotic-induced akathisia: further evidence for the existence of tardive akathisia.
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1988, Volume: 49, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Ambulatory Care; Antipsychotic Agents; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Chlor

1988
Psychotic patients who become worse on neuroleptics.
    Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 1988, Volume: 8, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Benztropine; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Fema

1988
Immunogenetic markers in chlorpromazine-induced tardive dyskinesia.
    Journal of neuroimmunology, 1986, Volume: 12, Issue:3

    Topics: Antibodies, Antinuclear; Blood Coagulation Factors; Chlorpromazine; Chronic Disease; Dyskinesia, Dru

1986
Piracetam for drug-induced dyskinesia.
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1987, Volume: 48, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; Humans; Piracetam; Pyrrol

1987
SCH 23390 dissociated from conventional neuroleptics in apomorphine climbing and primate acute dyskinesia models.
    Life sciences, 1985, Dec-23, Volume: 37, Issue:25

    Topics: 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine; Animals; Apomorphine; Benzazepines; Benz

1985
Low plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in demented schizophrenics.
    Biological psychiatry, 1985, Volume: 20, Issue:1

    Topics: Chlorpromazine; Chronic Disease; Dementia; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr

1985
The Pisa syndrome: a report of two cases.
    The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1985, Volume: 146

    Topics: Adult; Chlorpromazine; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Dystonia; Gait; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Paranoid

1985
Rapid induction of extrapyramidal side effects with combined use of lithium and neuroleptics.
    Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 1985, Volume: 5, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Chlorpromazine; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Femal

1985