chlorpromazine and Dementia Praecox studies

Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.
chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"One-hundred and sixty individuals with treatment-naive, first episode schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder in a mental health centre in Beijing, China were randomised to clozapine or chlorpromazine treatment for up to 2 years,followed by up to an additional 7 years of naturalistic treatment."	9.15	Clozapine v. chlorpromazine in treatment-naive, first-episode schizophrenia: 9-year outcomes of a randomised clinical trial. ( Duan, N; Girgis, RR; Jiang, H; Li, K; Li, X; Lieberman, JA; Niu, Y; Phillips, MR; Wu, C, 2011)
"This multicentre, parallel-group study compared the efficacy and tolerability of ziprasidone and chlorpromazine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (at least three treatment periods of at least 6 weeks each with two or more antipsychotic agents during the past 5 years without significant response) that was unresponsive to 6 weeks of open-label haloperidol (	9.12	Efficacy and tolerability of ziprasidone in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. ( Giller, E; Kane, JM; Khanna, S; Rajadhyaksha, S, 2006)
"We compared the effect of levomepromazine (LMP) with chlorpromazine (CPZ) in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS)."	9.12	Levomepromazine versus chlorpromazine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a double-blind randomized trial. ( Annable, L; Gabriel, A; Lal, S; Nair, NP; Ng Ying Kin, NM; Schwartz, G; Thavundayil, JX, 2006)
"This pooled analysis of four 6-week, randomized, open-label, parallel trials of patients with schizophrenia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) compared the efficacy and tolerability of olanzapine (5-20 mg/d) with those of chlorpromazine (200-800 mg/d)."	9.12	Olanzapine versus chlorpromazine in the treatment of schizophrenia: a pooled analysis of four 6-week, randomized, open-label studies in the Middle East and North Africa. ( Dominguez, S; Dossenbach, M; Huang, X; Kryzhanovskaya, L; Saylan, M; Treuer, T, 2007)
"This prospective, 1-year, open-label study of ziprasidone (40-160 mg/day) was conducted in subjects who had participated in a previous randomized 12-week comparison of ziprasi-done and chlorpromazine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (DSM-III-R criteria)."	9.12	Ziprasidone in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a 52-week, open-label continuation study. ( Giller, E; Khanna, S; Loebel, AD; Potkin, SG; Rajadhyaksha, S; Siu, CO, 2007)
" chlorpromazine in severe chronic active psychotic hospitalized schizophrenia patients."	9.11	Clotiapine compared with chlorpromazine in chronic schizophrenia. ( Belmaker, RH; Bersudsky, Y; Geller, V; Gorzaltsan, I; Shleifer, T, 2005)
" Therefore, we conducted a 12-week double-blind comparison study to assess the efficacy and tolerability of clozapine and chlorpromazine in a group of elderly inpatients with chronic schizophrenia."	9.09	The efficacy and safety of clozapine versus chlorpromazine in geriatric schizophrenia. ( Eisenstein, N; Engelhart, C; Howanitz, E; Losonczy, MF; Pardo, M; Smelson, DA; Stern, RG, 1999)
"Patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia (DSM-III-R criteria; n = 158) were allocated on a random, double-blind basis to receive zotepine (150 or 300 mg/day), chlorpromazine (300 or 600 mg/day) or placebo for 8 weeks."	9.09	A placebo-controlled comparison of zotepine versus chlorpromazine in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. ( Butler, A; Cooper, SJ; Raniwalla, J; Tweed, J; Welch, C, 2000)
"Clozapine has been shown to have superior effectiveness compared with classic neuroleptics in treating refractory schizophrenia in Caucasians, but its efficacy and safety in Chinese have not been adequately studied."	9.08	A double-blind comparative study of clozapine versus chlorpromazine on Chinese patients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. ( Chen, JY; Chiu, HJ; Hong, CJ; Sim, CB, 1997)
"A 6-week, double-blind, randomized, multicentre, parallel-group study was conducted to compare the efficacy of quetiapine ('Seroquel') (n=101) with that of chlorpromazine (n=100) in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of subchronic or chronic schizophrenia, or schizophreniform disorder."	9.08	A comparison of quetiapine and chlorpromazine in the treatment of schizophrenia. ( Link, CG; Peuskens, J, 1997)
"The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of olanzapine with that of chlorpromazine plus benztropine in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia."	9.08	Olanzapine compared with chlorpromazine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. ( Bartko, JJ; Conley, RR; Gounaris, C; Hegerty, J; Lingle, J; Love, R; Peszke, M; Richardson, C; Tamminga, CA; Zaremba, S, 1998)
"A four week double-blind study comparing pimozide and chlorpromazine was designed to test the hypothesis that pimozide, a powerful dopamine receptor blocker, is more effective in the treatment of acute schizophrenia than chlorpromazine."	9.05	Comparison of pimozide and chlorpromazine in acute schizophrenia. ( Allan, T; McClure, DJ; Pecknold, JC; Wrzesinski, L, 1982)
"A combined analysis of data from 11 controlled studies of loxapine versus either chlorpromazine or trifluoperazine in acute schizophrenia (5 studies) and chronic schizophrenia (6 studies) showed statistically significant superiority of loxapine on several items and factors of standardized psychiatric rating scales."	9.04	Efficacy of loxapine in the treatment of paranoid schizophrenia. ( Bishop, MP; Dunnett, CW; Kiltie, H; Simpson, GM, 1977)
"Propranolol contributed usefully to the practical management of patients with chronic schizophrenia whose florid symptoms had not remitted with major tranquillisers."	9.04	Propranolol as an adjunct to the treatment of schizophrenia. ( Gruzelier, JH; Hollander, D; Pitcher, DR; Sergeant, HG; Yorkston, NJ; Zaki, SA, 1977)
"In a material of 71 patients admitted because of acute or chronic psychoses, 32 were treated with sulpiride (up to 1,800 mg per day) and 39 with chlorpromazine (up to 675 mg)."	9.04	Comparison of sulpiride and chlorpromazine in psychoses. A double-blind multicentre study. ( Bratfos, O; Haug, JO, 1979)
"To assess the clinical and side effects of chlorpromazine for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses in comparison with piperacetazine."	8.98	Chlorpromazine versus piperacetazine for schizophrenia. ( Dehnavieh, R; Eslami Shahrbabaki, M; Sharafkhani, R; Vali, L, 2018)
"Chlorpromazine, a widely available and inexpensive antipsychotic drug, is considered the benchmark treatment for schizophrenia worldwide."	8.95	Chlorpromazine versus metiapine for schizophrenia. ( Bazrafshan, A; Zare, M, 2017)
"To determine the clinical effects, safety and cost-effectiveness of chlorpromazine compared with clotiapine for adults with schizophrenia."	8.95	Chlorpromazine versus clotiapine for schizophrenia. ( Bazrafshan, A; Esmailian, S; Goughari, AS; Mazhari, S; Shah-Esmaeili, A; Zare, M, 2017)
"To determine chlorpromazine dose response and dose side-effect relationships for schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses."	8.95	Chlorpromazine dose for people with schizophrenia. ( De Haan, S; Dudley, K; Liu, X, 2017)
"To assess the clinical effects of chlorpromazine compared with penfluridol for adults with schizophrenia."	8.95	Chlorpromazine versus penfluridol for schizophrenia. ( Khalili, N; Nikvarz, N; Vahedian, M, 2017)
"To compare the effects of chlorpromazine with atypical or second generation antipsychotic drugs, for the treatment of people with schizophrenia."	8.93	Chlorpromazine versus atypical antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia. ( Bo, L; Saha, KB; Sampson, S; Xia, J; Zaman, RU; Zhao, S, 2016)
" Chlorpromazine is also an old drug but it is still used for treatment of people with schizophrenia."	8.93	Chlorpromazine versus reserpine for schizophrenia. ( Adams, CE; Nur, S, 2016)
"Groups of nonrefractory patients with schizophrenia, taking antipsychotics other than clozapine, show distinct trajectories of treatment response over time."	8.91	Response trajectories to clozapine in a secondary analysis of pivotal trials support using treatment response to subtype schizophrenia. ( Barr, AM; Honer, WG; Jones, AA; Procyshyn, RM; Thornton, AE; Vila-Rodriguez, F, 2015)
"Chlorpromazine, formulated in the 1950s, remains a benchmark treatment for people with schizophrenia."	8.90	Chlorpromazine versus placebo for schizophrenia. ( Adams, CE; Awad, GA; Rathbone, J; Soares-Weiser, K; Thornley, B, 2014)
" We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on the efficacy of chlorpromazine versus any other antipsychotic in the treatment of schizophrenia."	8.90	Chlorpromazine versus every other antipsychotic for schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis challenging the dogma of equal efficacy of antipsychotic drugs. ( Cao, H; Davis, JM; Helfer, B; Leucht, S; Samara, MT, 2014)
"To review the effects in clinical response of flupenthixol and low-potency antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia."	8.90	Flupenthixol versus low-potency first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia. ( Dold, M; Engel, RR; Leucht, S; Tardy, M, 2014)
"To determine chlorpromazine dose response and dose adverse effect relationships for schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses."	8.85	Chlorpromazine dose for people with schizophrenia. ( De Haan, S; Liu, X, 2009)
"Chlorpromazine, one of the first generation of antipsychotic drugs, is effective in the treatment of schizophrenia."	8.84	Cessation of medication for people with schizophrenia already stable on chlorpromazine. ( Alkhateeb, H; Almerie, MQ; Essali, A; Matar, HE; Rezk, E, 2007)
"Chlorpromazine, formulated in the 1950s, remains a benchmark treatment for people with schizophrenia."	8.84	Chlorpromazine versus placebo for schizophrenia. ( Adams, CE; Awad, G; Rathbone, J; Thornley, B, 2007)
"To compare the effects of haloperidol and chlorpromazine for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses."	8.84	Haloperidol versus chlorpromazine for schizophrenia. ( Chua, L; Kane, J; Kitzmantel, M; Leucht, C; Leucht, S, 2008)
"Chlorpromazine, formulated in the 1950s, remains a benchmark treatment for people with schizophrenia."	8.82	Chlorpromazine versus placebo for schizophrenia. ( Adams, CE; Awad, G; Rathbone, J; Thornley, B, 2003)
"Chlorpromazine (CPZ) remains one of the most common drugs used for people with schizophrenia worldwide, and a benchmark against which other treatments can be evaluated."	8.82	Chlorpromazine for schizophrenia: a Cochrane systematic review of 50 years of randomised controlled trials. ( Adams, CE; Awad, AG; Borrill, J; Clarke, M; Rathbone, J; Thornley, B; Wahlbeck, K, 2005)
"Research on the impact of nicotine on schizophrenia and antipsychotic medications was reviewed to determine ways to improve treatment planning for patients with schizophrenia who smoke and to evaluate smoking cessation programs for this population."	8.80	A review of the effects of nicotine on schizophrenia and antipsychotic medications. ( Lyon, ER, 1999)
"Chlorpromazine, formulated in the 1950s, remains a benchmark treatment for those with schizophrenia."	8.80	Chlorpromazine versus placebo for schizophrenia. ( Adams, CE; Awad, G; Thornley, B, 2000)
"The present study was aimed to examine the effects of chlorpromazine on sleep quality, clinical and emotional measures in people suffering from schizophrenia."	7.88	Effects of chlorpromazine on sleep quality, clinical and emotional measures among patients with schizophrenia. ( Hou, F; Li, R; Meng, Q; Zhang, Q, 2018)
"We report a case of a patient who developed eosinophilia shortly after clozapine use, and then developed parotitis."	7.81	Eosinophilia and parotitis occurring early in clozapine treatment. ( Ben Hadj Ali, B; Ben Salem, C; Bouhlel, S; Saguem, BN, 2015)
"We measured BOLD-response during a WM task in a longitudinal fMRI-study in eleven schizophrenia patients first when they received conventional antipsychotics (T1) and a second time after they had been switched to aripiprazole (T2)."	7.76	Switching schizophrenia patients from typical neuroleptics to aripiprazole: effects on working memory dependent functional activation. ( Beck, A; Dembler, T; Dinges, M; Friedel, E; Gallinat, J; Heinz, A; Juckel, G; Sarkar, R; Schlagenhauf, F; Wrase, J; Wüstenberg, T, 2010)
" To fully evaluate SLC6A3 as a therapeutic antipshycotic target we investigated association of the gene with responses to chlorpromazine and clozapine and with chlorpromazine-induced extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) in the Chinese schizophrenia population."	7.76	Pharacogenetic effects of dopamine transporter gene polymorphisms on response to chlorpromazine and clozapine and on extrapyramidal syndrome in schizophrenia. ( Du, J; Feng, G; Gao, R; Guo, T; He, G; He, L; Li, S; Li, X; Lin, Z; Liu, J; St Clair, D; Wang, L; Wu, S; Xing, Q; Xu, M; Xu, Y; Xuan, J; Yang, Y; Yu, L; Zhang, A; Zhao, X; Zheng, Y; Zhou, J, 2010)
"These findings suggest that BDNF plays an important role in the susceptibility to schizophrenia and that the (GT)n repeat polymorphism of the BDNF gene may be an independent contributor to the chlorpromazine treatment-sensitive form of schizophrenia."	7.74	BDNF gene is a genetic risk factor for schizophrenia and is related to the chlorpromazine-induced extrapyramidal syndrome in the Chinese population. ( Feng, GY; He, G; He, L; Li, X; Lin, ZG; St Clair, D; Xu, MQ, 2008)
"To study the role of dopamine neurotransmission in schizophrenia and its drug treatment by assessing the relationship of plasma homovanillic acid (pHVA), a major central dopamine metabolite to various clinical parameters in schizophrenic patients."	7.71	Relationship of symptomatology, gender, and antipsychotic drug treatment with plasma homovanillic acid in schizophrenia. ( Peet, M; Ramchand, C; Reynolds, GP; Shah, S; Zhang, ZJ, 2001)
"A 40-year-old patient being treated for schizophrenia developed elevated plasma levels of haloperidol (HAL) in combination with chlorpromazine (CPZ) and during overlap treatment with clozapine."	7.70	Effect of chlorpromazine and clozapine on plasma concentrations of haloperidol in a patient with schizophrenia. ( Allen, SA, 2000)
"A case is presented of Torsade de Pointes (TDP) with T wave alternans in a 31-year-old female receiving a moderate dose of chlorpromazine."	7.68	[Torsade de Pointes with T wave alternans in a patient receiving moderate dose of chlorpromazine: report of a case]. ( Ishikawa, T; Kashiwagi, M; Ochiai, H; Oyama, Y; Tokita, Y; Usui, T, 1990)
"A 49-year-old man with severe hypertension and chronic schizophrenia developed marked hypotension with postural syncope following therapy with the combination of chlorpromazine and captopril."	7.67	Hypotension with postural syncope secondary to the combination of chlorpromazine and captopril. ( White, WB, 1986)
" A case of recurrent thrombocytopenia due to the repeated exposure to chlorpromazine (twice), haloperidol (four times) and thiothixene (twice) in a 59 year old female treated for schizophrenia is reported."	7.67	Thrombocytopenia associated with chlorpromazine, haloperidol and thiothixene: a case report. ( Balon, R; Berchou, R; Zethelius, M, 1987)
"Melanosis observed in association with prolonged chlorpromazine therapy has become a serious problem in mental institutions."	7.64	THERAPY OF CHLORPROMAZINE MELANOSIS: A PRELIMINARY REPORT. ( BAKER, RA; GREINER, AC; NICOLSON, GA, 1964)
"In a double blind chlorpromazine-controlled trial, high dosage haloperidol (100 mg daily) given for three months, appreciably improved the mental state of male chronic 'drug resistant' schizophrenic inpatients in the rehabilitation/long-stay unit of one psychiatric hospital."	6.64	High dosage haloperidol in chronic schizophrenia. ( MacDonald, IM; McCreadie, RG, 1977)
"Baclofen was superior to placebo in the treatment of anxiety, which is of particular interest in view of the recent theories on the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines."	6.64	A double-blind trial of baclofen against placebo in the treatment of schizophrenia. ( Andersen, B; Bahr, B; Eliassen, HM; Gulmann, NC, 1976)
"Loxapine succinate was compared to chlorpromazine in a 12-week double-blind study of 50 hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients."	6.64	Loxapine succinate: a controlled double-blind study in chronic schizophrenia. ( Schiele, BC, 1975)
"Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder reported to compromise about 1% of the world's population."	5.48	Advantages of the Alpha-lipoic Acid Association with Chlorpromazine in a Model of Schizophrenia Induced by Ketamine in Rats: Behavioral and Oxidative Stress evidences. ( Cysne Filho, FMS; de Almeida, JC; de Sousa, CNS; Diniz, DDS; Macêdo, D; Patrocínio, CFV; Patrocínio, MCA; Sampaio, LRL; Vasconcelos, SMM, 2018)
"Stuttering Priapism is a recurrent, persistent penile erection in the absence of sexual desire due to altered genital hemodynamics, affecting the arterial component (high flow, non-ischemic) or the veno-occlusive mechanism (low flow, ischemic)."	5.48	Successful Management of Psychotropics Induced Stuttering Priapism with Pseudoephedrine in a Patient with Schizophrenia. ( Birur, B; Nagaraja, S; Pandurangi, A; Thippaiah, SM, 2018)
" The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the typical antipsychotic chlorpromazine (CP) alone or combined with the natural antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on changes in the hippocampal average spectral power induced by ketamine (KET)."	5.46	Electroencephalographic study of chlorpromazine alone or combined with alpha-lipoic acid in a model of schizophrenia induced by ketamine in rats. ( Barbosa, TM; Borges, LTN; Gularte, VN; Lima, RF; Macêdo, D; Matos, NCB; Oliveira, MN; Patrocínio, MCA; Sampaio, LRL; Vale, OCD; Vasconcelos, SMM, 2017)
" Additional analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between baseline thalamic volume and dosage of typical antipsychotic medication."	5.33	Reduced thalamic volume in patients with chronic schizophrenia after switching from typical antipsychotic medications to olanzapine. ( Goghari, VM; Honer, WG; Khorram, B; Kopala, LC; Lang, DJ; Rui, Q; Smith, GN; Vandorpe, RA, 2006)
"Thirty-seven newly admitted schizophrenic patients were treated with an open and flexible dosage of chlorpromazine for 3 months after receiving a test dose."	5.30	Prediction of drug responses in schizophrenia: a method using a test dose of chlorpromazine. ( Minami, H; Miyahara, A; Nakahara, T; Nakane, Y, 1997)
"The population pharmacokinetic parameters of chlorpromazine (CPZ) in chronic schizophrenic patients were evaluated using 189 plasma concentration measurements from 31 patients."	5.29	Smoking and body weight influence the clearance of chlorpromazine. ( Chetty, M; Miller, R; Moodley, SV, 1994)
" Eventual discontinuation of cimetidine therapy led to a return of schizophrenic symptoms, which responded to an increase in chlorpromazine dosage to previous levels."	5.28	Adverse interaction between cimetidine and chlorpromazine in two cases of chronic schizophrenia. ( Byrne, A; O'Shea, B, 1989)
"This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of quetiapine fumarate extended-release (XR) in the treatment of Chinese patients with acute schizophrenia."	5.27	A 6-week, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, chlorpromazine-controlled non-inferiorityrandomized phase iiitrial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of quetiapine fumarate (SEROQUEL) extended-release (XR) in the treatment of patients with schizophren ( Gu, N; Li, H; Li, K; Ma, C; Shen, Y; Shi, J; Wang, G; Wang, X; Xie, S; Xu, X; Zhang, H, 2018)
"Propranolol was found to facilitate habituation in slow habituators and to reinstate responses in half of non-responders, especially when given as the sole drug."	5.26	Effect of propranolol and phenothiazines on electrodermal orienting and habituation in schizophrenia. ( Connolly, J; Eves, F; Gruzelier, J; Hirsch, S; Weller, M; Yorkston, N; Zaki, S, 1981)
"Propranolol was found to share the properties of the racemate in facilitating habituation of the electrodermal orienting reflex in schizophrenic patients."	5.26	Influence of D-or DL-propranolol and chlorpromazine on habituation of phasic electrodermal responses in schizophrenia. ( Gruzelier, JH; Hirsch, SR; Murphy, C; Weller, M, 1979)
" Measurement of response to a single test dose may prove potentially more fruitful in predicting outcome and in establishing drug and dosage choice for a given patient than simple attempts to correlate sustained dosage levels with clinical response."	5.26	Plasma levels of chlorpromazine in schizophrenia; a critical review of the literature. ( May, PR; Van Putten, T, 1978)
"One-hundred and sixty individuals with treatment-naive, first episode schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder in a mental health centre in Beijing, China were randomised to clozapine or chlorpromazine treatment for up to 2 years,followed by up to an additional 7 years of naturalistic treatment."	5.15	Clozapine v. chlorpromazine in treatment-naive, first-episode schizophrenia: 9-year outcomes of a randomised clinical trial. ( Duan, N; Girgis, RR; Jiang, H; Li, K; Li, X; Lieberman, JA; Niu, Y; Phillips, MR; Wu, C, 2011)
"This multicentre, parallel-group study compared the efficacy and tolerability of ziprasidone and chlorpromazine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (at least three treatment periods of at least 6 weeks each with two or more antipsychotic agents during the past 5 years without significant response) that was unresponsive to 6 weeks of open-label haloperidol (	5.12	Efficacy and tolerability of ziprasidone in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. ( Giller, E; Kane, JM; Khanna, S; Rajadhyaksha, S, 2006)
"We compared the effect of levomepromazine (LMP) with chlorpromazine (CPZ) in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS)."	5.12	Levomepromazine versus chlorpromazine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a double-blind randomized trial. ( Annable, L; Gabriel, A; Lal, S; Nair, NP; Ng Ying Kin, NM; Schwartz, G; Thavundayil, JX, 2006)
"This pooled analysis of four 6-week, randomized, open-label, parallel trials of patients with schizophrenia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) compared the efficacy and tolerability of olanzapine (5-20 mg/d) with those of chlorpromazine (200-800 mg/d)."	5.12	Olanzapine versus chlorpromazine in the treatment of schizophrenia: a pooled analysis of four 6-week, randomized, open-label studies in the Middle East and North Africa. ( Dominguez, S; Dossenbach, M; Huang, X; Kryzhanovskaya, L; Saylan, M; Treuer, T, 2007)
"This prospective, 1-year, open-label study of ziprasidone (40-160 mg/day) was conducted in subjects who had participated in a previous randomized 12-week comparison of ziprasi-done and chlorpromazine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (DSM-III-R criteria)."	5.12	Ziprasidone in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a 52-week, open-label continuation study. ( Giller, E; Khanna, S; Loebel, AD; Potkin, SG; Rajadhyaksha, S; Siu, CO, 2007)
"High-dose antipsychotic regimes (defined as the prescription of more than 1000 chlorpromazine-equivalents milligrams of antipsychotic per day) in the management of patients with schizophrenia are not uncommon, but most reports are from western countries."	5.11	High dose antipsychotic use in schizophrenia: findings of the REAP (research on east Asia psychotropic prescriptions) study. ( Chong, MY; Chung, EK; Fujii, S; Kua, EH; Leong, JY; Shinfuku, N; Si, T; Sim, K; Su, A; Tan, CH; Tsang, HY; Ungvari, GS; Yang, S; Yip, K, 2004)
" chlorpromazine in severe chronic active psychotic hospitalized schizophrenia patients."	5.11	Clotiapine compared with chlorpromazine in chronic schizophrenia. ( Belmaker, RH; Bersudsky, Y; Geller, V; Gorzaltsan, I; Shleifer, T, 2005)
" Therefore, we conducted a 12-week double-blind comparison study to assess the efficacy and tolerability of clozapine and chlorpromazine in a group of elderly inpatients with chronic schizophrenia."	5.09	The efficacy and safety of clozapine versus chlorpromazine in geriatric schizophrenia. ( Eisenstein, N; Engelhart, C; Howanitz, E; Losonczy, MF; Pardo, M; Smelson, DA; Stern, RG, 1999)
"Patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia (DSM-III-R criteria; n = 158) were allocated on a random, double-blind basis to receive zotepine (150 or 300 mg/day), chlorpromazine (300 or 600 mg/day) or placebo for 8 weeks."	5.09	A placebo-controlled comparison of zotepine versus chlorpromazine in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. ( Butler, A; Cooper, SJ; Raniwalla, J; Tweed, J; Welch, C, 2000)
"Clozapine has been shown to have superior effectiveness compared with classic neuroleptics in treating refractory schizophrenia in Caucasians, but its efficacy and safety in Chinese have not been adequately studied."	5.08	A double-blind comparative study of clozapine versus chlorpromazine on Chinese patients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. ( Chen, JY; Chiu, HJ; Hong, CJ; Sim, CB, 1997)
"A 6-week, double-blind, randomized, multicentre, parallel-group study was conducted to compare the efficacy of quetiapine ('Seroquel') (n=101) with that of chlorpromazine (n=100) in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of subchronic or chronic schizophrenia, or schizophreniform disorder."	5.08	A comparison of quetiapine and chlorpromazine in the treatment of schizophrenia. ( Link, CG; Peuskens, J, 1997)
"The clinical efficacy of two intensive treatment packages (one including the new antipsychotic risperidone and the other not doing so) was compared with that of standard management in 43 patients with long-standing treatment-resistant schizophrenia."	5.08	A study of enhanced management in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. ( Finlayson, A; Johnstone, EC; Mercer, G; Murray, C; Owens, DG, 1997)
"The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of olanzapine with that of chlorpromazine plus benztropine in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia."	5.08	Olanzapine compared with chlorpromazine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. ( Bartko, JJ; Conley, RR; Gounaris, C; Hegerty, J; Lingle, J; Love, R; Peszke, M; Richardson, C; Tamminga, CA; Zaremba, S, 1998)
"A four week double-blind study comparing pimozide and chlorpromazine was designed to test the hypothesis that pimozide, a powerful dopamine receptor blocker, is more effective in the treatment of acute schizophrenia than chlorpromazine."	5.05	Comparison of pimozide and chlorpromazine in acute schizophrenia. ( Allan, T; McClure, DJ; Pecknold, JC; Wrzesinski, L, 1982)
"A combined analysis of data from 11 controlled studies of loxapine versus either chlorpromazine or trifluoperazine in acute schizophrenia (5 studies) and chronic schizophrenia (6 studies) showed statistically significant superiority of loxapine on several items and factors of standardized psychiatric rating scales."	5.04	Efficacy of loxapine in the treatment of paranoid schizophrenia. ( Bishop, MP; Dunnett, CW; Kiltie, H; Simpson, GM, 1977)
"Propranolol contributed usefully to the practical management of patients with chronic schizophrenia whose florid symptoms had not remitted with major tranquillisers."	5.04	Propranolol as an adjunct to the treatment of schizophrenia. ( Gruzelier, JH; Hollander, D; Pitcher, DR; Sergeant, HG; Yorkston, NJ; Zaki, SA, 1977)
"In a double-blind trial in which 45 patients with acute schizophrenia took part the alpha-isomer of flupenthixol (which blocks the dopamine receptor) was found to be significantly more effective than both beta-flupenthixol (which does not) and placebo."	5.04	Mechanism of the antipsychotic effect in the treatment of acute schizophrenia. ( Carney, MW; Crow, TJ; Frith, CD; Johnstone, EC; Price, JS, 1978)
"In a material of 71 patients admitted because of acute or chronic psychoses, 32 were treated with sulpiride (up to 1,800 mg per day) and 39 with chlorpromazine (up to 675 mg)."	5.04	Comparison of sulpiride and chlorpromazine in psychoses. A double-blind multicentre study. ( Bratfos, O; Haug, JO, 1979)
"The discovery of chlorpromazine in the early 1950s revolutionized the clinical treatment of schizophrenia, galvanized the development of psychopharmacology, and standardized protocols used for testing the clinical efficacy of antipsychotics."	5.01	Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Chlorpromazine. ( Boyd-Kimball, D; Gonczy, K; Lewis, B; Mason, T; Siliko, N; Wolfe, J, 2019)
"To assess the clinical and side effects of chlorpromazine for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses in comparison with piperacetazine."	4.98	Chlorpromazine versus piperacetazine for schizophrenia. ( Dehnavieh, R; Eslami Shahrbabaki, M; Sharafkhani, R; Vali, L, 2018)
"Chlorpromazine, a widely available and inexpensive antipsychotic drug, is considered the benchmark treatment for schizophrenia worldwide."	4.95	Chlorpromazine versus metiapine for schizophrenia. ( Bazrafshan, A; Zare, M, 2017)
"To determine the clinical effects, safety and cost-effectiveness of chlorpromazine compared with clotiapine for adults with schizophrenia."	4.95	Chlorpromazine versus clotiapine for schizophrenia. ( Bazrafshan, A; Esmailian, S; Goughari, AS; Mazhari, S; Shah-Esmaeili, A; Zare, M, 2017)
"To determine chlorpromazine dose response and dose side-effect relationships for schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses."	4.95	Chlorpromazine dose for people with schizophrenia. ( De Haan, S; Dudley, K; Liu, X, 2017)
"To assess the clinical effects of chlorpromazine compared with penfluridol for adults with schizophrenia."	4.95	Chlorpromazine versus penfluridol for schizophrenia. ( Khalili, N; Nikvarz, N; Vahedian, M, 2017)
"To compare the effects of chlorpromazine with atypical or second generation antipsychotic drugs, for the treatment of people with schizophrenia."	4.93	Chlorpromazine versus atypical antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia. ( Bo, L; Saha, KB; Sampson, S; Xia, J; Zaman, RU; Zhao, S, 2016)
" Chlorpromazine is also an old drug but it is still used for treatment of people with schizophrenia."	4.93	Chlorpromazine versus reserpine for schizophrenia. ( Adams, CE; Nur, S, 2016)
"Groups of nonrefractory patients with schizophrenia, taking antipsychotics other than clozapine, show distinct trajectories of treatment response over time."	4.91	Response trajectories to clozapine in a secondary analysis of pivotal trials support using treatment response to subtype schizophrenia. ( Barr, AM; Honer, WG; Jones, AA; Procyshyn, RM; Thornton, AE; Vila-Rodriguez, F, 2015)
"Chlorpromazine, formulated in the 1950s, remains a benchmark treatment for people with schizophrenia."	4.90	Chlorpromazine versus placebo for schizophrenia. ( Adams, CE; Awad, GA; Rathbone, J; Soares-Weiser, K; Thornley, B, 2014)
" We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on the efficacy of chlorpromazine versus any other antipsychotic in the treatment of schizophrenia."	4.90	Chlorpromazine versus every other antipsychotic for schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis challenging the dogma of equal efficacy of antipsychotic drugs. ( Cao, H; Davis, JM; Helfer, B; Leucht, S; Samara, MT, 2014)
"To review the effects in clinical response of flupenthixol and low-potency antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia."	4.90	Flupenthixol versus low-potency first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia. ( Dold, M; Engel, RR; Leucht, S; Tardy, M, 2014)
"To determine chlorpromazine dose response and dose adverse effect relationships for schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses."	4.85	Chlorpromazine dose for people with schizophrenia. ( De Haan, S; Liu, X, 2009)
"Chlorpromazine, one of the first generation of antipsychotic drugs, is effective in the treatment of schizophrenia."	4.84	Cessation of medication for people with schizophrenia already stable on chlorpromazine. ( Alkhateeb, H; Almerie, MQ; Essali, A; Matar, HE; Rezk, E, 2007)
"Chlorpromazine, formulated in the 1950s, remains a benchmark treatment for people with schizophrenia."	4.84	Chlorpromazine versus placebo for schizophrenia. ( Adams, CE; Awad, G; Rathbone, J; Thornley, B, 2007)
"To compare the effects of haloperidol and chlorpromazine for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses."	4.84	Haloperidol versus chlorpromazine for schizophrenia. ( Chua, L; Kane, J; Kitzmantel, M; Leucht, C; Leucht, S, 2008)
"Chlorpromazine, formulated in the 1950s, remains a benchmark treatment for people with schizophrenia."	4.82	Chlorpromazine versus placebo for schizophrenia. ( Adams, CE; Awad, G; Rathbone, J; Thornley, B, 2003)
"Chlorpromazine (CPZ) remains one of the most common drugs used for people with schizophrenia worldwide, and a benchmark against which other treatments can be evaluated."	4.82	Chlorpromazine for schizophrenia: a Cochrane systematic review of 50 years of randomised controlled trials. ( Adams, CE; Awad, AG; Borrill, J; Clarke, M; Rathbone, J; Thornley, B; Wahlbeck, K, 2005)
"Research on the impact of nicotine on schizophrenia and antipsychotic medications was reviewed to determine ways to improve treatment planning for patients with schizophrenia who smoke and to evaluate smoking cessation programs for this population."	4.80	A review of the effects of nicotine on schizophrenia and antipsychotic medications. ( Lyon, ER, 1999)
"Chlorpromazine, formulated in the 1950s, remains a benchmark treatment for those with schizophrenia."	4.80	Chlorpromazine versus placebo for schizophrenia. ( Adams, CE; Awad, G; Thornley, B, 2000)
"Loxapine is a dibenzoxazepine, tricyclic compound recommended for the treatment of acute and chronic schizophrenia."	4.75	Loxapine: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy as an antipsychotic agent. ( Avery, GS; Brogden, RN; Heel, RC; Speight, TM, 1978)
"The present study was aimed to examine the effects of chlorpromazine on sleep quality, clinical and emotional measures in people suffering from schizophrenia."	3.88	Effects of chlorpromazine on sleep quality, clinical and emotional measures among patients with schizophrenia. ( Hou, F; Li, R; Meng, Q; Zhang, Q, 2018)
"Chlorpromazine is a low potency "typical" antipsychotic agent used to treat schizophrenia."	3.85	Kerato-lenticular ocular deposits and visual impairment with prolonged chlorpromazine use: A case series. ( Gowda, GS; Hegde, A; Jaisoorya, TS; Narayanaswamy, JC; Shanbhag, V, 2017)
"When choosing between first-generation antipsychotics, clinicians should consider haloperidol as the first-line agent for schizophrenia."	3.81	A Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Antipsychotics for Treatment of Schizophrenia in Uganda. ( Babigumira, JB; Lubinga, SJ; Mutamba, BB; Nganizi, A, 2015)
"We report a case of a patient who developed eosinophilia shortly after clozapine use, and then developed parotitis."	3.81	Eosinophilia and parotitis occurring early in clozapine treatment. ( Ben Hadj Ali, B; Ben Salem, C; Bouhlel, S; Saguem, BN, 2015)
"One hundred and sixty-three first-episode inpatients with schizophrenia were recruited, to whom one of three conventional antipsychotics (perphenazine, sulpiride, and chlorpromazine) or one of three atypical antipsychotics (clozapine, quetiapine, and aripiprazole) was prescribed for 12 months as appropriate."	3.80	Effects of antipsychotics on bone mineral density and prolactin levels in patients with schizophrenia: a 12-month prospective study. ( Cao, B; Hou, R; Jian, J; Mi, G; Qiu, H; Tang, M; Wang, M, 2014)
"Chlorpromazine initiated effective pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia 60 years ago."	3.78	Another view of the history of antipsychotic drug discovery and development. ( Carpenter, WT; Davis, JM, 2012)
"A facile fluorometric assay using D-kynurenine as a substrate was utilized for evaluating the inhibition of D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO), which is one of the products of a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia, by commercial antipsychotic drugs, namely, chlorpromazine (CPZ), carbamazepine, sulpiride, quetiapine, and imipramine."	3.77	Inhibition of D-amino acid oxidase activity by antipsychotic drugs evaluated by a fluorometric assay using D-kynurenine as substrate. ( Fukushima, T; Iwasa, S; Nakabayashi, M; Song, Z; Tabara, H; Yokoyama, Y, 2011)
"We measured BOLD-response during a WM task in a longitudinal fMRI-study in eleven schizophrenia patients first when they received conventional antipsychotics (T1) and a second time after they had been switched to aripiprazole (T2)."	3.76	Switching schizophrenia patients from typical neuroleptics to aripiprazole: effects on working memory dependent functional activation. ( Beck, A; Dembler, T; Dinges, M; Friedel, E; Gallinat, J; Heinz, A; Juckel, G; Sarkar, R; Schlagenhauf, F; Wrase, J; Wüstenberg, T, 2010)
" To fully evaluate SLC6A3 as a therapeutic antipshycotic target we investigated association of the gene with responses to chlorpromazine and clozapine and with chlorpromazine-induced extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) in the Chinese schizophrenia population."	3.76	Pharacogenetic effects of dopamine transporter gene polymorphisms on response to chlorpromazine and clozapine and on extrapyramidal syndrome in schizophrenia. ( Du, J; Feng, G; Gao, R; Guo, T; He, G; He, L; Li, S; Li, X; Lin, Z; Liu, J; St Clair, D; Wang, L; Wu, S; Xing, Q; Xu, M; Xu, Y; Xuan, J; Yang, Y; Yu, L; Zhang, A; Zhao, X; Zheng, Y; Zhou, J, 2010)
"Our study suggests that AKT1 is a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia in the Chinese population and that the AKT1 gene may play no major role in the therapeutic response to antipsychotics or in chlorpromazine-induced extrapyramidal syndrome."	3.74	Association of AKT1 gene polymorphisms with risk of schizophrenia and with response to antipsychotics in the Chinese population. ( Feng, GY; Gao, JJ; Guo, TW; He, G; He, L; Li, S; Xing, QH; Xu, F; Xu, MQ; Zheng, YL, 2007)
"These findings suggest that BDNF plays an important role in the susceptibility to schizophrenia and that the (GT)n repeat polymorphism of the BDNF gene may be an independent contributor to the chlorpromazine treatment-sensitive form of schizophrenia."	3.74	BDNF gene is a genetic risk factor for schizophrenia and is related to the chlorpromazine-induced extrapyramidal syndrome in the Chinese population. ( Feng, GY; He, G; He, L; Li, X; Lin, ZG; St Clair, D; Xu, MQ, 2008)
" The present study examines the correlation between these two polymorphisms and the therapeutic response to chlorpromazine, a typical antipsychotic drug, in 135 inpatients with schizophrenia."	3.73	Response to chlorpromazine treatment may be associated with polymorphisms of the DRD2 gene in Chinese schizophrenic patients. ( Feng, G; Gao, R; Gu, N; He, L; Li, X; Wu, S; Xing, Q, 2005)
"A 26-year-old woman with schizophrenia gained 7 kg over the course of 1 year after starting treatment with olanzapine."	3.73	Body weight gain induced by a newer antipsychotic agent reversed as negative symptoms improved. ( Koga, M; Nakayama, K, 2005)
"Our results did not lend strong support to the view that the genetic variation of the DRD2 gene plays a major role in the individually variable adverse effect induced by chlorpromazine, at least in Chinese patients with schizophrenia."	3.73	Association of DRD2 polymorphisms and chlorpromazine-induced extrapyramidal syndrome in Chinese schizophrenic patients. ( Feng, GY; Gao, R; Gu, NF; He, L; Li, HF; Shen, YF; Wu, SN; Xing, QH, 2006)
" In a first genome scan on obesity under antipsychotics in SZ and BP, we analyzed 21 multigenerational kindreds (508 family members) including several patients treated for a minimum of 3 years mainly with haloperidol or chlopromazine."	3.72	A genome wide linkage study of obesity as secondary effect of antipsychotics in multigenerational families of eastern Quebec affected by psychoses. ( Bouchard, RH; Chagnon, YC; Emond, C; Maziade, M; Mérette, C; Roy, MA, 2004)
"To study the role of dopamine neurotransmission in schizophrenia and its drug treatment by assessing the relationship of plasma homovanillic acid (pHVA), a major central dopamine metabolite to various clinical parameters in schizophrenic patients."	3.71	Relationship of symptomatology, gender, and antipsychotic drug treatment with plasma homovanillic acid in schizophrenia. ( Peet, M; Ramchand, C; Reynolds, GP; Shah, S; Zhang, ZJ, 2001)
"Olanzapine (Zyprexa), a neuroleptic, has obtained marketing authorization for treatment of schizophrenia."	3.70	Olanzapine. Keep an eye on this neuroleptic. ( , 2000)
"Elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) levels have been evidenced in patients with schizophrenia who have been treated with antipsychotics."	3.70	Current antipsychotic dose correlates to mononuclear cell counts in the cerebrospinal fluid of psychotic patients. ( Ahokas, A; Nikkilä, H; Rimón, R; Wahlbeck, K, 2000)
"A 40-year-old patient being treated for schizophrenia developed elevated plasma levels of haloperidol (HAL) in combination with chlorpromazine (CPZ) and during overlap treatment with clozapine."	3.70	Effect of chlorpromazine and clozapine on plasma concentrations of haloperidol in a patient with schizophrenia. ( Allen, SA, 2000)
"Although several published studies suggest that little benefit accrues from raising doses of conventional antipsychotic drugs above 500-800 chlorpromazine equivalents per day (CPZeq/day), institutionalized patients with schizophrenia often receive larger doses."	3.69	A decision analysis approach to neuroleptic dosing: insights from a mathematical model. ( Mossman, D, 1997)
" We report here two LA-positive cases (a 29-year-old male taking chlorpromazine for schizophrenia, and a 44-year-old female diagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus) who underwent surgical procedures without complications."	3.68	Surgical experience on patients with serum lupus anticoagulants. A report of two cases. ( Ichikawa, Y; Minezaki, T, 1993)
"60 schizophrenia patients were treated with electro-acupuncture and chlorpromazine therapy in comparison with chlorpromazine therapy alone, 30 patients for each group, and their curative effects evaluated according to the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS)."	3.68	[Comparison between electro-acupuncture with chlorpromazine and chlorpromazine alone in 60 schizophrenic patients]. ( Chen, JK; Zhuge, DY, 1993)
"A case is presented of Torsade de Pointes (TDP) with T wave alternans in a 31-year-old female receiving a moderate dose of chlorpromazine."	3.68	[Torsade de Pointes with T wave alternans in a patient receiving moderate dose of chlorpromazine: report of a case]. ( Ishikawa, T; Kashiwagi, M; Ochiai, H; Oyama, Y; Tokita, Y; Usui, T, 1990)
"Nineteen male patients, under 35 years of age, newly admitted with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, were treated with either chlorpromazine or haloperidol at a fixed dosage for 25 days."	3.67	Total and free plasma neuroleptic levels in schizophrenic patients. ( Davidson, L; Glaister, J; Jeffries, JJ; Seeman, P; Tang, SW; Toth, R, 1984)
" Many such patients respond to a trial of lithium therapy; responders are usually better able to work or attend school and to live independently, and they less often show the degree of personality deterioration present in classical schizophrenia."	3.67	Acutely psychotic patients: a treatment approach. ( Cade, JR; Lippmann, S; Wagemaker, H, 1985)
"Agranulocytosis developed in three patients subsequent to chlorpromazine therapy and in one patient following treatment with methotrimeprazine and trifluoperazine."	3.67	Agranulocytosis in the course of phenothiazine therapy: case reports. ( Yassa, R, 1985)
"A 49-year-old man with severe hypertension and chronic schizophrenia developed marked hypotension with postural syncope following therapy with the combination of chlorpromazine and captopril."	3.67	Hypotension with postural syncope secondary to the combination of chlorpromazine and captopril. ( White, WB, 1986)
" To evaluate the effects of antipsychotic drugs on plasma vasopressin, we measured vasopressin response to a single dose of intramuscular chlorpromazine or intravenous haloperidol in normal individuals and to 2 weeks of oral antipsychotics in patients with acute schizophrenia."	3.67	Antipsychotic drugs and plasma vasopressin in normals and acute schizophrenic patients. ( Backus, FI; Bokan, JA; Courtney, N; Dorsa, DM; Murburg, MM; Raskind, MA; Ries, RK; Weitzman, RE, 1987)
" A case of recurrent thrombocytopenia due to the repeated exposure to chlorpromazine (twice), haloperidol (four times) and thiothixene (twice) in a 59 year old female treated for schizophrenia is reported."	3.67	Thrombocytopenia associated with chlorpromazine, haloperidol and thiothixene: a case report. ( Balon, R; Berchou, R; Zethelius, M, 1987)
"The effects of chlorpromazine treatment on spinal motor asymmetry was studied in right-handed chronic schizophrenia patients."	3.67	Modulation of spinal motor asymmetry by neuroleptic medication of schizophrenia patients. ( Gürgen, F; Tan, U, 1986)
"Prolactin (PRL) serum levels in a group of patients with acute schizophrenia (AS) and in a group of patients with chronic schizophrenia (CS) have been investigated in order to differentiate the dopaminergic sensitivity in response to chlorpromazine (CPZ) treatment."	3.66	Prolactin secretion response to TRH stimulation in acute and chronic schizophrenic patients under neuroleptic treatment. ( Almoguera, MI; Borque, M; Cabranes, JA; Fuentenebro, F; Recio, MN, 1982)
"Patients who presented with acute psychoses and were treated with chlorpromazine were first divided into 2 groups with good (23) and poor (13) outcome."	3.66	Drug-related and illness-related factors in the outcome of chlorpromazine treatment: testing a model. ( Gelder, MG; Kolakowska, T; Orr, MW, 1980)
"Plasma chlorpromazine (CPZ) levels were studied in children 8 to 15 yr of age who were receiving CPZ for mental disorders."	3.66	Plasma chlorpromazine concentrations in children with behavioral disorders and mental illness. ( Griesbach, PH; Perlmutter, R; Rivera-Calimlim, L, 1979)
"The authors studied basal HGH levels and HGH response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in 12 schizophrenic patients who had been treated with 200--450 mg/day of chlorpromazine for 6 months to 4 years compared with 12 schizophrenic patients who had received no drugs and 15 normal control subjects."	3.66	Effect of chlorpromazine on human growth hormone. ( Beg, AA; Dash, RJ; Varma, VK, 1979)
"A 42-year-old woman with a long-standing diagnosis of schizophrenia experienced two toxic reactions to 1200 mg of chlorpromazine while awaiting surgery for a locally metastatic carcinoma of the cervix."	3.66	An anticholinergic toxicity reaction to chlorpromazine activated by psychological stress. ( Cameron, OG; Wimer, L, 1979)
"Nineteen patients with acute psychoses, the majority schizophrenics, were studied in the course of chlorpromazine (CPZ) treatment."	3.66	Clinical significance of plasma drug and prolactin levels during acute chlorpromazine treatment: a replication study. ( Franklin, M; Gelder, M; Heggie, M; Kolakowska, T; Orr, M; Wiles, D, 1979)
"The author reviews the impact of neuroleptic chemotherapy on various forms of schizophrenia in the 25 years since the introduction of chlorpromazine in psychiatry."	3.66	Impact of neuroleptic chemotherapies on schizophrenic psychoses. ( Deniker, P, 1978)
"In this report we have described three patients with chronic schizophrenia on long-term chlorpromazine therapy who developed asymptomatic IgM inhibitors of the intrinsic phase of blood coagulation."	3.66	IgM inhibitors of the contact activation phase of coagulation in chlorpromazine-treated patients. ( Miller, F; Romano, GS; Zarrabi, MH; Zucker, S, 1978)
"Plasma chlorpromazine (CPZ) levels of 50 psychotic inpatients were measured by gas liquid chromatography; the clinical progress of 29 of these patients with acute psychoses was also assessed."	3.65	Clinical response and plasma levels: effect of dose, dosage schedules, and drug interactions on plasma chlorpromazine levels. ( Lasagna, L; Nasrallah, H; Rivera-Calimlim, L; Strauss, J, 1976)
"Clinical experience gained in the Soviet Union shows that Triphthazine (Trifluoperazine) is among the most useful drugs for mass treatment of psychoses."	3.65	[Use of triphthazine in the treatment of mentae disorders]. ( Awruzki, GJ; Gurowitsch, IJ, 1975)
"Three patients, aged 23-33 years, with the diagnosis of schizophrenia, developed symptoms of tardive dyskinesia while receiving neuroleptic treatment, mostly with haloperidol."	3.65	Diazepam in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Preliminary observations. ( Singh, MM, 1976)
"Melanosis observed in association with prolonged chlorpromazine therapy has become a serious problem in mental institutions."	3.64	THERAPY OF CHLORPROMAZINE MELANOSIS: A PRELIMINARY REPORT. ( BAKER, RA; GREINER, AC; NICOLSON, GA, 1964)
" This would mean a daily consumption of at least 300 chlorpromazine (CPZ) units in the long run and should lead to an increase of the antipsychotic dosage in comparison to patients with treatment as usual (TAU)."	2.82	Psychoeducation Improves Compliance and Outcome in Schizophrenia Without an Increase of Adverse Side Effects: A 7-Year Follow-up of the Munich PIP-Study. ( Bäuml, J; Jahn, T; Kissling, W; Lüscher, S; Pitschel-Walz, G; Rentrop, M; Volz, A, 2016)
"Chlorpromazine was the most commonly prescribed drug."	2.68	Neuroleptic drug utilisation for acute schizophrenia. ( Hasanah, CI; Razali, MS, 1996)
" Thirty two patients of them treated with the Shuizhi (leech)-Dahuang (rhubarb) mixture mainly with low dosage of antipsychotic drugs (combined therapy group), while other 35 cases were treated with antipsychotic drugs only (control group)."	2.68	[Clinical study of shuizhi-dahuang mixture in treating schizophrenics with blood stasis syndrome]. ( Kang, B; Zhu, QQ; Zhu, YZ, 1996)
"The aim of this study was to determine if the severity of paranoid/belligerence was a major determinant of neuroleptic dosage in newly admitted patients with acute or exacerbated schizophrenia."	2.68	Paranoid/belligerence and neuroleptic dosage in newly admitted schizophrenic patients. ( de Angelis, F; Pasini, A; Spalletta, G; Troisi, A, 1997)
"Chlorpromazine was found to be significantly better than remoxipride on the dropout rate due to inefficacy, Clinical Global Impression (CGI) of severity of illness and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS)."	2.67	A placebo-controlled clinical trial of remoxipride and chlorpromazine in newly admitted schizophrenic patients with acute exacerbation. ( Chouinard, G, 1990)
"Sulpiride was superior to CPZ in reducing the autistic symptoms."	2.66	Effects of sulpiride and chlorpromazine on autistic and positive psychotic symptoms in schizophrenic patients--relationship to drug concentrations. ( Alfredsson, G; Härnryd, C; Wiesel, FA, 1985)
"Short-term use of neuroleptics as well established for many psychotic disorders; details about long-term use remain less clear."	2.65	What is the best maintenance dose of neuroleptics in schizophrenia? ( Baldessarini, RJ; Davis, JM, 1980)
" In both men and women there tended to be a significant correlation between the initial log plasma PRL level while on neuroleptic maintenance treatment and the dosage received converted to chlorpromazine equivalents."	2.65	Lack of tolerance to long-term neuroleptic treatment in dopamine tuberoinfundibular system. ( Annable, L; Chouinard, G; Collu, R; Jones, BD, 1981)
"Sulpiride-treated patients with extrapyramidal side effects had significantly higher drug concentrations in serum."	2.65	Relationships between drug concentrations in serum and CSF, clinical effects and monoaminergic variables in schizophrenic patients treated with sulpiride or chlorpromazine. ( Alfredsson, G; Bjerkenstedt, L; Edman, G; Härnryd, C; Oxenstierna, G; Sedvall, G; Wiesel, FA, 1984)
"Treatment with sulpiride or chlorpromazine resulted in a significant reduction of psychotic morbidity as estimated by CPRS and global ratings."	2.65	Clinical evaluation of sulpiride in schizophrenic patients--a double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine. ( Aberg-Wistedt, A; Bjerkenstedt, L; Björk, K; Gullberg, B; Härnryd, C; Oxenstierna, G; Sedvall, G; Wiesel, FA; Wik, G, 1984)
"Pimozide was found to exert somewhat less of an overall therapeutic effect than chlorpromazine, particularly in highly agitated patients."	2.65	Pimozide in the treatment of newly admitted schizophrenic patients. ( Annable, L; Chouinard, G, 1982)
" There appeared to be no difference between the viloxazine-treated group and the placebo-treated group, although the study raised some question as to the adequacies of the dosage utilized since there was an absence of any apparent side effects."	2.65	Viloxazine and the depressed schizophrenic--methodological issues. ( Kurland, AA; Nagaraju, A, 1981)
"Twenty-one chronic schizophrenics were stabilized with chlorpromazine therapy at their therapeutic dosage for one month."	2.65	Effect of antiparkinsonian medication on plasma levels of chlorpromazine. ( Bark, N; Cooper, TB; Lee, JH; Simpson, GM; Sud, I, 1980)
"Penfluridol is a diphenylbutylpiperdine derivative with a half-life of sixty-six (66) hours."	2.65	Penfluridol: a long acting oral antipsychotic drug. ( Claghorn, JL; Mathew, RJ; Mirabi, M, 1979)
" Improvement was recorded in a double blind study of 18 patients treated with maximum tolerated dosage (mean 18."	2.64	Tardive dyskinesia treated with pimozide. ( Calne, DB; Claveria, LE; Haskayne, L; Lodge-Patch, IC; Pallis, CA; Petrie, A; Teychenne, PF, 1975)
"In a double blind chlorpromazine-controlled trial, high dosage haloperidol (100 mg daily) given for three months, appreciably improved the mental state of male chronic 'drug resistant' schizophrenic inpatients in the rehabilitation/long-stay unit of one psychiatric hospital."	2.64	High dosage haloperidol in chronic schizophrenia. ( MacDonald, IM; McCreadie, RG, 1977)
"Baclofen was superior to placebo in the treatment of anxiety, which is of particular interest in view of the recent theories on the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines."	2.64	A double-blind trial of baclofen against placebo in the treatment of schizophrenia. ( Andersen, B; Bahr, B; Eliassen, HM; Gulmann, NC, 1976)
" The dose-response relationship for the different doses of alpha-methyldopa in combination with chlorpromazine, suggested an optimal response to 300 mg chlorpromazine--500 mg alpha-methyldopa."	2.64	Alpha-methyldopa-chlorpromazine combination in schizophrenic patients. ( Annable, L; Chouinard, G, 1976)
"Hallucinations were significantly more frequent among patients with low MAO activity."	2.64	Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in schizophrenic patients. ( Becker, RE; Shaskan, EG, 1977)
"Loxapine succinate was compared to chlorpromazine in a 12-week double-blind study of 50 hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients."	2.64	Loxapine succinate: a controlled double-blind study in chronic schizophrenia. ( Schiele, BC, 1975)
"Amitriptyline alone was not substantially better than placebo and could not be considered an efficacious medication for the maintenance treatment of these patients."	2.64	Amitriptyline-perphenazine interaction in ambulatory schizophrenic patients. A controled study of drug interaction. ( Albert, JM; Annable, L; Charette, R; Chouinard, G; Serrano, M, 1975)
"Schizophrenia is an incurable neuropsychiatric disorder managed mostly by treatment of the patients with antipsychotics."	2.53	Employing proteomics to unravel the molecular effects of antipsychotics and their role in schizophrenia. ( Cassoli, JS; Guest, PC; Martins-de-Souza, D; Santana, AG, 2016)
"The first relatively specific treatment of schizophrenia started about 60 years ago with the antipsychotic chlorpromazine."	2.53	Improving Current Treatments for Schizophrenia. ( Jovicic, MJ; Maric, NP; Mihaljevic, M; Miljevic, C, 2016)
"Risperidone was better for CGI endpoint scores (n=42, 1 RCT, RR 2."	2.46	Levomepromazine for schizophrenia. ( Jayaram, MB; Rattehalli, RD; Sivaraman, P, 2010)
" The atypicals cause fewer extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia, but there is growing concern regarding the significant long-term metabolic and cardiac adverse effects of these novel antipsychotics."	2.42	From chlorpromazine to clozapine--antipsychotic adverse effects and the clinician's dilemma. ( Abidi, S; Bhaskara, SM, 2003)
"Schizophrenia is a seriously disturbing disorder, both for the victim and for their families."	2.41	Schizophrenia: an illness of distorted reality. ( Dean, B, 2000)
"(ii) The effect of schizophrenia is to increase MAE duration, and this is not due to some peripheral artefact."	2.39	The duration of the movement aftereffect as an index of psychiatric illness. ( Harris, J, 1994)
"We found widespread cortical thinning in patients with SSDs compared to HCs."	1.91	Differential effects of parental socioeconomic status on cortical thickness in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and healthy controls. ( Cheraghi, S; Chung, YC; Kang, C; Kim, WS; Odkhuu, S; Shen, J; Tsogt, U; Zahra Rami, F, 2023)
"Polydipsia was the most prevalent (24, 60."	1.51	Adverse drug reactions experienced by out-patients taking chlorpromazine or haloperidol at Zomba Mental Hospital, Malawi. ( Chikowe, I; Domingo, M; Kampira, E; Mafuta, C; Mwakaswaya, V; Parveen, S, 2019)
"Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder reported to compromise about 1% of the world's population."	1.48	Advantages of the Alpha-lipoic Acid Association with Chlorpromazine in a Model of Schizophrenia Induced by Ketamine in Rats: Behavioral and Oxidative Stress evidences. ( Cysne Filho, FMS; de Almeida, JC; de Sousa, CNS; Diniz, DDS; Macêdo, D; Patrocínio, CFV; Patrocínio, MCA; Sampaio, LRL; Vasconcelos, SMM, 2018)
"Stuttering Priapism is a recurrent, persistent penile erection in the absence of sexual desire due to altered genital hemodynamics, affecting the arterial component (high flow, non-ischemic) or the veno-occlusive mechanism (low flow, ischemic)."	1.48	Successful Management of Psychotropics Induced Stuttering Priapism with Pseudoephedrine in a Patient with Schizophrenia. ( Birur, B; Nagaraja, S; Pandurangi, A; Thippaiah, SM, 2018)
"Patients received 1 of 4 of the following ECT modalities: bitemporal ECT with age-based dosing, right unilateral ECT with seizure threshold-based dosing, bitemporal ECT with seizure threshold-based dosing, and bifrontal ECT with seizure threshold-based dosing ECT."	1.46	Effectiveness of Electroconvulsive Therapy and Associated Cognitive Change in Schizophrenia: A Naturalistic, Comparative Study of Treating Schizophrenia With Electroconvulsive Therapy. ( Ang, CP; Ho, NF; Loo, C; Lu, VJM; Martin, D; Mok, YM; Simpson, B; Tan, C; Tor, PC; Wang, M; Yap, LS; Ying, J, 2017)
" The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the typical antipsychotic chlorpromazine (CP) alone or combined with the natural antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on changes in the hippocampal average spectral power induced by ketamine (KET)."	1.46	Electroencephalographic study of chlorpromazine alone or combined with alpha-lipoic acid in a model of schizophrenia induced by ketamine in rats. ( Barbosa, TM; Borges, LTN; Gularte, VN; Lima, RF; Macêdo, D; Matos, NCB; Oliveira, MN; Patrocínio, MCA; Sampaio, LRL; Vale, OCD; Vasconcelos, SMM, 2017)
"Schizophrenia is a widespread mental disease with a prevalence of about 1% in the world population."	1.43	Association studies of genomic variants with treatment response to risperidone, clozapine, quetiapine and chlorpromazine in the Chinese Han population. ( He, L; Huang, H; Li, M; Minica, C; Qin, S; Shen, L; Shi, Y; Wang, G; Wu, X; Xing, Q; Xu, Q; Yi, Z, 2016)
"Chlorpromazine (CPZ) is a widely used antipsychotic drug with antagonistic effect on dopamine receptors."	1.43	Chlorpromazine inhibits mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via increasing expression of tissue factor. ( Li, A; Li, J; Li, X; Li, Y; Ogutu, JO; Song, W; Tang, R; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Wu, J; Zhang, F; Zhang, Q, 2016)
"Antipsychotic medication and dosage were collected in our sample of 83 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders of a homogeneous European background."	1.43	Polygenic risk score prediction of antipsychotic dosage in schizophrenia. ( Cole, CB; De Luca, V; Hettige, NC; Khalid, S, 2016)
" Though often not considered in pharmacogenetic studies, dosage plays an important role in treatment outcome."	1.43	Candidate gene analysis of pharmacodynamic targets for antipsychotic dosage. ( De Luca, V; de Moraes, GH; Hettige, NC; Kennedy, JL, 2016)
"Chlorpromazine is known to cause ocular pigmentary deposits."	1.43	A Case Report: Anti-Psychotic Agents Related Ocular Toxicity. ( Choy, BNK; Fan, MCY; Lai, JSM; Ng, ALK; Shum, JWH, 2016)
"Chlorpromazine is known to cause abnormal oculocutaneous pigmentation in sun-exposed areas."	1.40	Chlorpromazine-induced skin pigmentation with corneal and lens opacities. ( Dunnick, CA; Huff, LS; Lucas, LM; Pederson, JF; Prado, R, 2014)
"Auditory hallucinations are one of the central symptoms in schizophrenia."	1.40	Study of the inferior colliculus in patients with schizophrenia by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ( Aguilar, EJ; Celda, B; Marti-Bonmati, L; Martinez-Bisbal, MC; Martinez-Granados, B; Molla, E; Sanjuan, J, 2014)
"Schizophrenia is associated with cortical thickness reductions in the brain, but it is unclear whether these are present before illness onset, and to what extent they are driven by genetic factors."	1.39	Cortical thickness in first-episode schizophrenia patients and individuals at high familial risk: a cross-sectional comparison. ( Conlon, GA; Hall, J; Honold, S; Job, D; Johnstone, EC; Lawrie, SM; McIntosh, AM; Moorhead, TW; Owens, DC; Papmeyer, M; Smyth, AM; Sprooten, E; Vincenz, D; Whalley, HC, 2013)
" We used Medicaid pharmacy data to measure annual and average antipsychotic continuity, to calculate chlorpromazine (CPZ) dosing equivalents, and to examine anti-Parkinson medication use."	1.39	Guideline-concordant antipsychotic use and mortality in schizophrenia. ( Cullen, BA; Daumit, GL; Dosreis, SC; Guallar, E; McGinty, EE; Steinwachs, DM; Zhang, Y, 2013)
"On arrival, the Japan coma scale, pulse, respiratory rate, body temperature, and Sp(O2) were 300, 114 beats x min(-1), 26 breaths x min(-1), 39."	1.38	[Comatose patient with neuroleptic malignant syndrome brought by ambulance]. ( Kuroda, Y; Takinami, Y, 2012)
"Patients with schizophrenia have widespread cognitive impairments, with selective deficits in relational memory."	1.38	Revised associative inference paradigm confirms relational memory impairment in schizophrenia. ( Armstrong, K; Heckers, S; Williams, LE, 2012)
"Metabolic syndrome was evaluated with fasting laboratory measurements, and dietary and lifestyle assessments."	1.38	DNA methylation in schizophrenia subjects: gender and MTHFR 677C/T genotype differences. ( Bly, MJ; Burghardt, KJ; Ellingrod, VL; Pilsner, JR, 2012)
" Individuals carrying the favorable homozygous genotypes of rs1045642 and rs2032582 displayed better response with increased dosage while those carrying risk genotype manifested refractoriness on increased dosage."	1.38	Antipsychotic drug dosage and therapeutic response in schizophrenia is influenced by ABCB1 genotypes: a study from a south Indian perspective. ( Allencherry, PM; Balan, S; Banerjee, M; Mathew, A; Nair, CM; Natarajan, C; Vijayan, NN, 2012)
"Chlorpromazine has antipsychotic and antimanic properties, and it revolutionized the therapeutics of psychotic illnesses."	1.35	Neurosyphilis, malaria, and the discovery of antipsychotic agents. ( Baldessarini, RJ; Frankenburg, FR, 2008)
" Chlorpromazine therapy in a 59-year-old schizophrenic man with a cumulative dosage exceeding 2500 g resulted in multiple white deposits in both corneas especially in the endothelium."	1.35	In vivo observations of chlorpromazine ocular deposits in a patient on long-term chlorpromazine therapy. ( Amini, N; Nowroozzadeh, MH; Razeghinejad, MR; Zamani, M, 2008)
"Patients with schizophrenia are impaired in both emotion perception and contextual processing, however these two processes have not been thoroughly assessed simultaneously in adults with schizophrenia."	1.34	A social cognitive approach to emotional intensity judgment deficits in schizophrenia. ( Barrett, JA; Glahn, DC; Green, MJ; Monkul, ES; Robinson, JL; Velligan, DI, 2007)
"Common adverse effect measures in psychiatric trials are typically analysed with repeated measures ANOVA, despite having distributions which violate key assumptions of that method; moreover, some adverse effects may be concentrated in vulnerable subgroups of participants."	1.33	More powerful two-sample tests for differences in repeated measures of adverse effects in psychiatric trials when only some patients may be at risk. ( Arndt, S; Conley, RR; McMahon, RP, 2005)
"A point prevalence study of prescription dosage was made among psychiatric inpatients in Japan with the following aims: (i) to analyze whether total chlorpromazine equivalent dose was related to patient characteristics or hospital and physician characteristics; and (ii) to analyze whether the usage of the two major categories of antipsychotics, butyrophenone and phenothiazine, were related to their expected pharmacological reactions."	1.33	Factors related to prescription dosage in Japanese psychiatric hospitals. ( Ikegami, N; Nawata, S; Yamauchi, K, 2005)
"Priapism is a urologic emergency, and a urologic consultation should be obtained as early as possible."	1.33	Priapism associated with typical and atypical antipsychotic medications. ( Chen, CD; Kao, WT; Lung, FW; Tung, YP; Wang, CS, 2006)
" Additional analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between baseline thalamic volume and dosage of typical antipsychotic medication."	1.33	Reduced thalamic volume in patients with chronic schizophrenia after switching from typical antipsychotic medications to olanzapine. ( Goghari, VM; Honer, WG; Khorram, B; Kopala, LC; Lang, DJ; Rui, Q; Smith, GN; Vandorpe, RA, 2006)
"Patients with catatonic schizophrenia are highly vulnerable to negative symptoms related to neuroleptic drugs, probably because of a defect in their dopaminergic neuronal pathways."	1.32	Negative symptoms and neuroleptics in catatonic schizophrenia. ( Hietala, J; Honkonen, T; Koivisto, AM; Salokangas, RK; Stengård, E, 2003)
" While typical antipsychotics are often switched to atypical agents when adverse effects become limiting, there is little preclinical information to support this strategy, both in terms of efficacy and side effects."	1.32	Combined treatment of quetiapine with haloperidol in animal models of antipsychotic effect and extrapyramidal side effects: comparison with risperidone and chlorpromazine. ( Matsuoka, N; Mutoh, S; Shirakawa, K; Tada, M, 2004)
" This article describes oral antipsychotic dosing patterns and psychotropic treatments using computerized Medicaid claims data for individuals who were diagnosed with schizophrenia and received treatment on an outpatient basis during 1991."	1.31	Antipsychotic dosing and concurrent psychotropic treatments for Medicaid-insured individuals with schizophrenia. ( Buchanan, RW; dosReis, S; Lehman, AF; Zito, JM, 2002)
"In addition to the diagnosis of chronic pseudoakathisia, five patients (62."	1.31	Prevalence and characteristics of patients with pseudoakathisia. ( Christodoulou, GN; Havaki-Kontaxaki, BJ; Kontaxakis, VP, 2000)
"Risperidone (4 mg/day) was added to her drug regimen and after increasing the dosage to 6 mg/day, she began to exhibit retrocollis."	1.31	Tardive dystonia provoked by concomitantly administered risperidone. ( Hori, M; Hori, T; Kawanishi, Y; Shiraishi, H; Suzuki, T; Tachikawa, H, 2000)
"Daily dosages of antipsychotic medications were evaluated to determine whether current guidelines advocating lower dosing are being followed."	1.31	Antipsychotic dosing patterns for schizophrenia in three treatment settings. ( Lawrence, R; Remington, G; Sethna, R; Shammi, CM, 2001)
" Chlorpromazine therapy in a cumulative dosage exceeding 1,100 g resulted in dramatic skin discoloration and multiple crystalline deposits in both corneas."	1.31	Corneal deposition after high-dose chlorpromazine hydrochloride therapy. ( Domniz, Y; Lawless, MA; Rogers, CM; Sutton, GL; Webber, SK, 2001)
" These data suggest that there was considerable delay in the adoption of evidence-based dosing of conventional antipsychotics."	1.31	Delays in adopting evidence-based dosages of conventional antipsychotics. ( Blow, F; Copeland, L; Owen, R; Valenstein, M; Visnic, S, 2001)
" Dose-response (mean lobe number) plots were significant for patients medicated with both chlorpromazine and clozapine."	1.31	Antipsychotic drugs result in the formation of immature neutrophil leucocytes in schizophrenic patients. ( Badawoud, M; Delieu, JM; Duguid, JK; Horobin, RW; Williams, MA, 2001)
"To evaluate neuroleptic dosing patterns in individuals with schizophrenia over a 10-year interval."	1.30	Neuroleptic dosing in chronic schizophrenia: a 10-year follow-up. ( Bezchlibnyk-Butler, KZ; Prendergast, P; Remington, GJ, 1997)
"Thirty-seven newly admitted schizophrenic patients were treated with an open and flexible dosage of chlorpromazine for 3 months after receiving a test dose."	1.30	Prediction of drug responses in schizophrenia: a method using a test dose of chlorpromazine. ( Minami, H; Miyahara, A; Nakahara, T; Nakane, Y, 1997)
" The neuroleptic doses administered in our hospital were similar to those found in other survey reports but higher than those recommended by the controlled dose-response studies."	1.29	Neuroleptic dose and schizophrenic symptoms. A survey of prescribing practices. ( Caro, F; Cuesta, MJ; Martinez-Larrea, A; Peralta, V, 1994)
"We report a case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome where the catatonia clearly followed the administration of neuroleptics and where the neurovegetative disturbance was remarkably severe, including episodes of tracheal spasm, apnoea and episodes of bradycardia, and sinus arrest requiring insertion of a temporary external pacing wire."	1.29	Recurrent sinus arrest in association with neuroleptic malignant syndrome. ( Hamlin, GW; Ormerod, LP; Parry, AK; Saleem, PT, 1994)
"The population pharmacokinetic parameters of chlorpromazine (CPZ) in chronic schizophrenic patients were evaluated using 189 plasma concentration measurements from 31 patients."	1.29	Smoking and body weight influence the clearance of chlorpromazine. ( Chetty, M; Miller, R; Moodley, SV, 1994)
"The seizure was brief and subsided spontaneously."	1.29	Convulsions after enflurane in a schizophrenic patient receiving neuroleptics. ( Vohra, SB, 1994)
" Since these metabolites have been associated with in vitro activity and occur in significant concentrations, it is recommended that all six metabolites be measured in studies correlating drug levels with pharmacodynamic effects."	1.29	Important metabolites to measure in pharmacodynamic studies of chlorpromazine. ( Chetty, M; Miller, R; Moodley, SV, 1994)
" The combined therapy of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction and low dosage of antipsychotic drug could relieve the mental symptoms and the abnormal hemorheologic index normalized."	1.29	[Xuefu zhuyu decoction in treating blood stasis syndrome of schizophrenia]. ( Niu, ZX; Tang, YY; Zhang, JZ, 1993)
"The fulminant pulmonary edema in the three cases resolved within 18 to 40 h."	1.28	Acute pulmonary edema induced by overdosage of phenothiazines. ( Gefter, WB; Li, C, 1992)
"Treatment with chlorpromazine (100 or 150 mg daily) significantly increased the debrisoquine metabolic ratio in nine patients (P less than 0."	1.28	Debrisoquine oxidation in an Italian population: a study in healthy subjects and in schizophrenic patients. ( Benitez, J; Calandra, S; Campo, GM; Caputi, AP; Carrillo, JA; Spina, E, 1992)
"Five patients with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) are described."	1.28	Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. ( Krishnamurthy, SG; Murugappan, M; Sayeed, ZA; Srinivasan, AV, 1990)
" The trihexphenidyl-induced increase in CPZ plasma levels was independent of CPZ oral dosage and of CPZ plasma levels."	1.28	Effects of trihexyphenidyl on plasma chlorpromazine in young schizophrenics. ( Cooper, T; Rockland, L; Schwartz, F; Sullivan, T; Weber, D, 1990)
"The sulpiride group had lower metabolic rates than the controls and the schizophrenic patients later treated with chlorpromazine."	1.28	Effects of sulpiride and chlorpromazine on regional cerebral glucose metabolism in schizophrenic patients as determined by positron emission tomography. ( Blomqvist, G; Greitz, T; Sjögren, I; Stone-Elander, S; Wiesel, FA; Wik, G, 1989)
" Factors of dosage and time of treatment were non-significant."	1.28	[Cardiotoxicity of antipsychotic drugs: abnormal ECG in 1266 cases]. ( Song, SY, 1989)
" Eventual discontinuation of cimetidine therapy led to a return of schizophrenic symptoms, which responded to an increase in chlorpromazine dosage to previous levels."	1.28	Adverse interaction between cimetidine and chlorpromazine in two cases of chronic schizophrenia. ( Byrne, A; O'Shea, B, 1989)
"The problems were erectile impotence, frigidity, premature ejaculation, no ejaculation, vaginismus and pain on coitus."	1.28	[A pilot study of sexual problems in chronic schizophrenia: a report on 51 cases]. ( Guo, GY, 1989)
"Treatment with chlorpromazine (CPZ) for 2 weeks further decreased the Bmax for both ligands."	1.27	Platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in schizophrenic patients before and after phenothiazine treatment. ( Rice, HE; Rosen, J; Silk, KR; Smith, CB, 1984)
"The authors studied high-potency versus low-potency neuroleptic dosing practices for 110 Boston-area psychiatric inpatients and compared the findings with the dosing practices reported in surveys of nearly 16,000 Veterans Administration patients."	1.27	Dissimilar dosing with high-potency and low-potency neuroleptics. ( Baldessarini, RJ; Cotton, P; Katz, B, 1984)
" Four to 5 Cmin were monitored just before the morning valproic acid dose for 3 to 4 days preceding the kinetic study."	1.27	The effects of neuroleptics (haloperidol and chlorpromazine) on the pharmacokinetics of valproic acid in schizophrenic patients. ( Chiba, K; Iizuka, R; Ishizaki, T; Kobayashi, K; Saito, M, 1984)
"Of these patients, 85% experienced withdrawal symptoms, mainly insomnia, anxiety, and tensional restlessness."	1.27	Withdrawal symptoms after long-term treatment with low-potency neuroleptics. ( Annable, L; Bradwejn, J; Chouinard, G; Jones, BD; Ross-Chouinard, A, 1984)
"Chlorpromazine-E levels were significantly higher in females than males, but this finding could be accounted for by differences in body weight."	1.27	Serum neuroleptic and prolactin levels in schizophrenic patients and clinical response. ( Busch, DA; Fang, VS; Meltzer, HY, 1983)
"Marked worsening of adverse effects and increased chlorpromazine plasma levels were observed in a 25-year-old schizophrenic outpatient who abruptly stopped smoking cigarettes."	1.27	Chlorpromazine plasma levels, adverse effects, and tobacco smoking: case report. ( Falloon, IR; Stimmel, GL, 1983)
"Relationships of neuroleptic dosage and tardive dyskinesia with measures of attentional, information-processing, and psychophysiological dysfunctions in medicated chronic schizophrenics were explored by correlational and stepwise multiple-regression analysis."	1.27	Relation of neuroleptic dose and tardive dyskinesia to attention, information-processing, and psychophysiology in medicated schizophrenics. ( Coyne, L; Hayes, K; Lacoursiere, R; Mazur, D; Spohn, HE, 1985)
" While the mean age and mean duration of hospitalization in the skin-pigmented population was slightly higher and larger than in the total population of our survey, no definitive relationships between sex, diagnosis, drugs and dosage of medication were revealed."	1.27	Neuroleptic-induced skin pigmentation in chronic hospitalized schizophrenic patients. ( Ban, TA; Guy, W; Wilson, WH, 1985)
" Data were analyzed to determine the effect of anticholinergic prophylaxis, age, sex, and type and dosage of neuroleptic on the incidence of dystonic reactions."	1.27	Anticholinergic agents for prophylaxis of neuroleptic-induced dystonic reactions: a prospective study. ( Heiser, JF; Morrison, RL; Simpson, GM; Sramek, JJ, 1986)
"A historical review of the adverse reactions to neuroleptic agents--extrapyramidal side effects--is presented."	1.27	Extrapyramidal side effects: a historical perspective. ( Rifkin, A, 1987)
"Haloperidol was given to 8 patients for 10 days (group A: 0."	1.27	Effects of neuroleptic treatments on peripheral opioid secretion. ( Bellodi, L; Brambilla, F; Brancato, V; Facchinetti, F; Genazzani, AR; Petraglia, F; Smeraldi, E, 1987)
"A case of sudden death following chlorpromazine administration in a schizophrenic patient is presented."	1.27	Chlorpromazine accumulation and sudden death in a patient with renal insufficiency. ( Crismon, ML; Dorson, PG, 1988)
"Rats treated with chlorpromazine (CPZ) (1 mg/kg/day i."	1.27	Amphetamine and chlorpromazine modify cerebral insulin levels in rats. ( Benedi, J; Cantón, R; Grande, C; Manzanares, J; Zaragozá, F, 1988)
"A case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) treated successfully with electroconvulsive therapy (ETC) is described."	1.27	A successful electroconvulsive treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. ( Aizenberg, D; Hermesh, H; Weizman, A, 1987)
"Priapism is a rare but serious adverse effect of psychotropic drugs resulting from their peripheral alpha-adrenoreceptor blocking action."	1.27	Priapism and psychotropic medication. ( de Alwis, C; Kogeorgos, J, 1986)
"Thioridazine levels were substantially higher than those of other neuroleptics."	1.26	Neuroleptic serum levels measured by radioreceptor assay and clinical response in schizophrenic patients. ( Creese, I; DePaulo, JR; Slavney, PR; Snyder, SH; Tune, LE, 1981)
"Propranolol was found to facilitate habituation in slow habituators and to reinstate responses in half of non-responders, especially when given as the sole drug."	1.26	Effect of propranolol and phenothiazines on electrodermal orienting and habituation in schizophrenia. ( Connolly, J; Eves, F; Gruzelier, J; Hirsch, S; Weller, M; Yorkston, N; Zaki, S, 1981)
" After the fixed-dose period, the dosage of CPZ was increased in the "non-responders" by physician's choice."	1.26	Does a plasma level of chlorpromazine help? ( Jenden, DJ; May, PR; Van Putten, T, 1981)
"The determinants of relapse have been elusive."	1.26	Low serum neuroleptic levels predict relapse in schizophrenic patients. ( Brown, WA; Chisholm, E; Laughren, T; Williams, BW, 1982)
"Plasma and saliva levels of chlorpromazine hydrochloride were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, after a standard dosage had been administered to 48 newly admitted schizophrenic patients over 28 days."	1.26	Chlorpromazine levels and the outcome of treatment in schizophrenic patients. ( Dixon, WJ; Jenden, DJ; May, PR; Van Putten, T; Yale, C, 1981)
" Assessment of the pharmacokinetic parameters was provided by the use of a mathematical modelling of pharmacokinetic processes."	1.26	[Place of clinical and pharmacokinetic parameters in prognosing the effectiveness of schizophrenic therapy]. ( Beliaev, BS; Lukanina, SK; Minsker, EI; Panteleeva, GP; Tsirkin, SIu, 1980)
"Chlorpromazine was measured in plasma and saliva at 1, 2, 3 (saliva only), 4, 6, 8, 12 (saliva only), and 24 hours by gas chromatography-mass spectography."	1.26	Plasma and saliva levels of chlorpromazine and subjective response. ( Cho, AK; Jenden, DJ; May, PR; Van Putten, T; Yale, C, 1980)
"The chlorpromazine therapy was then begun and continued for three months."	1.26	Prediction of response to and actual outcome of chlorpromazine treatment in schizophrenic patients. ( Ikenaga, H; Nakahara, T; Sakurai, Y; Takahashi, R, 1980)
"The dosage of the whole tryptophan and of the free tryptophan was conducted in 16 normal subjects to establish reference values and in 12 schizophrenic subjects among whom 7 were under treatment and 5 were not."	1.26	[Study of free and total tryptophan in the plasma. It value in psychiatry]. ( Bousquet, B; Deniker, P; Dreux, C; Escande, C; Lôo, H; Zarifian, E, 1976)
" The described methodology opens avenues for performing bioavailability and generic equivalence studies in humans."	1.26	Chlorpromazine metabolism VIII: blood levels of chlorpromazine and its sulfoxide in schizophrenic patients. ( Clark, ML; Kaul, PN; Whitfield, LR, 1976)
"These episodes are differentiated from nocturnal wanderings and epileptic attacks during sleep; they occurred within two to three hours after sleep onset and were characterized by the patients appearing confused and walking about in a quiet, detached and clumsy manner."	1.26	Somnambulistic-like episodes secondary to combined lithium-neuroleptic treatment. ( Charney, DS; Kales, A; Nelson, JC; Soldatos, CR, 1979)
"The chronic administration of phenothiazines has come under increasing scrutiny recently, and the uncritical use of this form of treatment has been criticized."	1.26	Schizophrenia following withdrawal from chronic phenothiazine administration: a case report. ( Sale, I, 1978)
"Propranolol was found to share the properties of the racemate in facilitating habituation of the electrodermal orienting reflex in schizophrenic patients."	1.26	Influence of D-or DL-propranolol and chlorpromazine on habituation of phasic electrodermal responses in schizophrenia. ( Gruzelier, JH; Hirsch, SR; Murphy, C; Weller, M, 1979)
" Measurement of response to a single test dose may prove potentially more fruitful in predicting outcome and in establishing drug and dosage choice for a given patient than simple attempts to correlate sustained dosage levels with clinical response."	1.26	Plasma levels of chlorpromazine in schizophrenia; a critical review of the literature. ( May, PR; Van Putten, T, 1978)
" Chlorpromazine showed only a modest advantage over L-dopa and only on some Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale factor scores, and at maximum dosage the thought disturbance factor score in the L-dopa-treated group was not worse than at baseline."	1.26	Paradoxical reaction to L-dopa in schizophrenic patients. ( Alpert, M; Diamond, F; Friedhoff, AJ; Marcos, LR, 1978)
"Plasma immunoreactive beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (beta-MSH) concentrations were normal in schizophrenic patients on prolonged and high dosage phenothiazine therapy."	1.26	Phenothiazine therapy and plasma immunoreactive beta-MSH in schizophrenia and pruritic dermatoses. ( Burton, JL; Goolamali, SK; Pye, RJ; Shuster, S; Smith, AG; Thody, AJ, 1977)
"Penfluridol-treated patients experienced less drowsiness than those treated with chlorpromazine, but the severity of extrapyramidal symptoms appeared to be greater with penfluridol."	1.26	Penfluridol in the treatment of newly admitted schizophrenic patients in a brief therapy unit. ( Annable, L; Chouinard, G, 1976)
"Penfluridol has the clear practical advantage of being the only long-acting drug for oral administration so far available."	1.26	Controlled trial of penfluridol and thiothixene in the maintenance treatment of chronic schizophrenic syndromes. ( Edenius, B; Jacobsson, L; Kettner, B; Magnusson, KE; Mattsson, B; Perris, C; Rapp, W; Villemoes, P; Von Knorring, L, 1976)
" The risk of using chlorpromazine in moderate dosage is slight."	1.26	Deposits in the lens and cornea of the eye during long-term chlorpromazine medication. ( Faurbye, A; Kirk, L; Rasmussen, K, 1976)
" There were, however, significant negative correlations between dopamin beta-hydroxylase activity and the tim spent in the morgue before autopsy, and between enzyme activity of schizophrenics and dosage of chlorpromazine or its equivalent."	1.25	Dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in brains of chronic schizophrenic patients. ( Barchas, JD; Erdelyi, E; Schwartz, MA; Wyatt, RJ, 1975)
"As outpatient treatment of schizophrenia increases, cases of over-dose with phenothiazine drugs may be expected to increase also."	1.25	Phenothiazine poisoning. A review of 48 cases. ( Barry, D; Becker, CE; Meyskens, FL, 1973)
" Each was used in four dosage levels (thioridazine and chlorpromazine: 200, 400, 800 and 1200 mg."	1.24	THE EFFECT OF PHENOTHIAZINES ON THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM. ( BAN, TA; STJEAN, A, 1964)

Research

Studies (1,641)

Authors

Clinical Trials (15)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Mean Units Change in DAS28 From Baseline to 6 Months

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	1274 (77.64)	18.7374
1990's	125 (7.62)	18.2507
2000's	131 (7.98)	29.6817
2010's	101 (6.15)	24.3611
2020's	10 (0.61)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Juza, R	1
Vojtechova, I	1
Stefkova-Mazochova, K	1
Dehaen, W	1
Petrasek, T	1
Prchal, L	1
Kobrlova, T	1
Janousek, J	1
Vlcek, P	1
Mezeiova, E	1
Svozil, D	1
Karasova, JZ	1
Pejchal, J	1
Stark, H	1
Satala, G	1
Bojarski, AJ	1
Kubacka, M	1
Mogilski, S	1
Randakova, A	1
Musilek, K	1
Soukup, O	1
Korabecny, J	1
Kurokawa, Y	1
Watanabe, S	1
Miyabe, S	1
Ishibashi, K	1
Yamamoto, S	1
Goto, M	1
Hasegawa, S	1
Miyachi, H	1
Fujita, K	2
Nagao, T	1
Brown, JS	1
Haddad, C	3
Salameh, P	1
Sacre, H	2
Clément, JP	1
Calvet, B	1
Wadhwa, A	1
Beainy, C	1
Fekih-Romdhane, F	1
Hallit, S	2
Haddad, G	1
Zahra Rami, F	1
Kim, WS	1
Shen, J	1
Tsogt, U	1
Odkhuu, S	1
Cheraghi, S	1
Kang, C	1
Chung, YC	1
López-Herrero, F	1
Contreras-Díaz, M	1
Sánchez-Vicente, JL	1
Monteleone, P	1
Cascino, G	1
Monteleone, AM	1
Rocca, P	1
Rossi, A	2
Bertolino, A	1
Aguglia, E	1
Amore, M	1
Collantoni, E	1
Corrivetti, G	1
Cuomo, A	1
Bellomo, A	1
D'Ambrosio, E	1
Dell'Osso, L	1
Frascarelli, M	1
Giordano, GM	1
Giuliani, L	1
Marchesi, C	1
Montemagni, C	1
Oldani, L	1
Pinna, F	1
Pompili, M	1
Roncone, R	1
Rossi, R	1
Siracusano, A	1
Vita, A	1
Zeppegno, P	1
Galderisi, S	2
Maj, M	1
Hajj, A	1
Chamoun, K	1
Obeid, S	1
Dollfus, S	3
Khabbaz, LR	1
Zare, M	2
Bazrafshan, A	2
Mazhari, S	1
Esmailian, S	1
Shah-Esmaeili, A	1
Goughari, AS	1
Dudley, K	1
Liu, X	3
De Haan, S	3
Abe, C	1
Nishimura, S	1
Mori, A	2
Niimi, Y	1
Yang, Y	2
Hane, M	1
Kitajima, K	1
Sato, C	1
Tor, PC	1
Ying, J	1
Ho, NF	1
Wang, M	2
Martin, D	1
Ang, CP	1
Tan, C	1
Yap, LS	1
Lu, VJM	1
Simpson, B	1
Mok, YM	1
Loo, C	1
Deng, H	1
Xu, J	1
Nikvarz, N	1
Vahedian, M	1
Khalili, N	1
Li, H	1
Shen, Y	1
Wang, G	2
Shi, J	1
Ma, C	1
Xie, S	1
Zhang, H	1
Wang, X	1
Li, K	2
Xu, X	1
Gu, N	2
Sampaio, LRL	2
Cysne Filho, FMS	1
de Almeida, JC	1
Diniz, DDS	1
Patrocínio, CFV	1
de Sousa, CNS	1
Patrocínio, MCA	2
Macêdo, D	2
Vasconcelos, SMM	2
Meng, Q	1
Li, R	1
Hou, F	1
Zhang, Q	2
Thippaiah, SM	1
Nagaraja, S	1
Birur, B	1
Pandurangi, A	1
Hasegawa, T	1
Hashimoto, T	1
Kanahara, N	2
Yamanaka, H	2
Ishige, M	2
Sato, Y	2
Iyo, M	3
Boyd-Kimball, D	1
Gonczy, K	1
Lewis, B	1
Mason, T	1
Siliko, N	1
Wolfe, J	1
Pich, J	1
Eslami Shahrbabaki, M	1
Dehnavieh, R	1
Vali, L	1
Sharafkhani, R	1
Beloti, LGM	1
Miranda, LFC	1
Queiroz, MEC	1
Gong, J	1
Luo, C	1
Li, X	6
Jiang, S	1
Khundrakpam, BS	1
Duan, M	1
Chen, X	1
Yao, D	1
Zajicek, B	1
Chikowe, I	1
Domingo, M	1
Mwakaswaya, V	1
Parveen, S	1
Mafuta, C	1
Kampira, E	1
Basta-Kaim, A	2
Szczęsny, E	1
Leśkiewicz, M	2
Głombik, K	1
Slusarczyk, J	1
Budziszewska, B	2
Regulska, M	2
Kubera, M	2
Nowak, W	1
Wędzony, K	2
Lasoń, W	2
Suzuki, H	1
Gen, K	1
Inoue, Y	2
Wobrock, T	1
Falkai, P	1
Schneider-Axmann, T	1
Hasan, A	1
Davidson, M	1
Kahn, RS	1
Derks, EM	1
Boter, H	1
Rybakowski, JK	1
Libiger, J	1
López-Ibor, JJ	1
Peuskens, J	2
Hranov, LG	1
Gaebel, W	2
Fleischhacker, WW	1
Sprooten, E	1
Papmeyer, M	1
Smyth, AM	1
Vincenz, D	1
Honold, S	1
Conlon, GA	1
Moorhead, TW	1
Job, D	1
Whalley, HC	1
Hall, J	1
McIntosh, AM	2
Owens, DC	1
Johnstone, EC	7
Lawrie, SM	2
Scher, JU	1
Abramson, SB	1
Yasuda, M	1
Kobayashi, T	1
Kato, S	2
Kishi, K	1
Adams, CE	7
Awad, GA	1
Rathbone, J	4
Thornley, B	5
Soares-Weiser, K	1
Rodewald, K	1
Holt, DV	1
Rentrop, M	2
Roesch-Ely, D	1
Liebrenz, M	1
Funke, J	1
Weisbrod, M	1
Kaiser, S	1
Sukegawa, T	1
Inagaki, A	1
Yamanouchi, Y	1
Inada, T	2
Yoshio, T	1
Yoshimura, R	1
Iwata, N	1
Hou, R	1
Jian, J	1
Mi, G	1
Qiu, H	1
Cao, B	1
Tang, M	1
Samara, MT	1
Cao, H	1
Helfer, B	1
Davis, JM	14
Leucht, S	5
Huff, LS	1
Prado, R	1
Pederson, JF	1
Dunnick, CA	1
Lucas, LM	1
Martinez-Granados, B	1
Martinez-Bisbal, MC	1
Sanjuan, J	1
Aguilar, EJ	1
Marti-Bonmati, L	1
Molla, E	1
Celda, B	1
Husa, AP	1
Rannikko, I	1
Moilanen, J	1
Haapea, M	2
Murray, GK	1
Barnett, J	1
Jones, PB	1
Isohanni, M	1
Koponen, H	1
Miettunen, J	2
Jääskeläinen, E	2
Lui, S	1
Yao, L	1
Xiao, Y	1
Keedy, SK	1
Reilly, JL	1
Keefe, RS	1
Tamminga, CA	2
Keshavan, MS	2
Pearlson, GD	1
Gong, Q	1
Sweeney, JA	3
Tardy, M	1
Dold, M	1
Engel, RR	1
Ansoleaga, B	1
Garcia-Esparcia, P	1
Pinacho, R	1
Haro, JM	1
Ramos, B	1
Ferrer, I	1
Chang, WC	1
Chan, TC	1
Chiu, SS	1
Hui, CL	1
Chan, SK	1
Lee, EH	1
Chen, EY	1
Jouali, T	1
Boukatta, B	1
Bechri, B	1
Houari, N	1
Bouazzaoui, A	1
Sbai, H	1
Kanjaa, N	1
Honer, WG	4
Jones, AA	1
Thornton, AE	2
Barr, AM	1
Procyshyn, RM	1
Vila-Rodriguez, F	1
Lubinga, SJ	1
Mutamba, BB	1
Nganizi, A	1
Babigumira, JB	1
Matosin, N	1
Fernandez-Enright, F	1
Lum, JS	1
Andrews, JL	1
Engel, M	1
Huang, XF	1
Newell, KA	1
Udawela, M	1
Money, TT	1
Neo, J	1
Seo, MS	1
Scarr, E	3
Dean, B	4
Everall, IP	1
Xu, Q	1
Wu, X	1
Li, M	1
Huang, H	1
Minica, C	1
Yi, Z	1
Shen, L	1
Xing, Q	3
Shi, Y	1
He, L	7
Qin, S	1
Kornfeld, DS	1
Molina-Ruiz, AM	1
Pulpillo, Á	1
Molina-Ruiz, RM	1
Sagrario, T	1
Requena, L	1
Saguem, BN	1
Bouhlel, S	1
Ben Salem, C	1
Ben Hadj Ali, B	1
Wu, J	1
Li, A	1
Li, Y	2
Song, W	1
Wang, Y	1
Ogutu, JO	1
Wang, J	1
Li, J	1
Tang, R	1
Zhang, F	1
Cassoli, JS	1
Guest, PC	1
Santana, AG	1
Martins-de-Souza, D	1
Hettige, NC	2
Cole, CB	1
Khalid, S	1
De Luca, V	2
de Moraes, GH	1
Kennedy, JL	1
Bourgou, S	1
Halayem, S	1
Amado, I	1
Triki, R	1
Bourdel, MC	1
Franck, N	1
Krebs, MO	1
Tabbane, K	1
Bouden, A	1
Bäuml, J	1
Pitschel-Walz, G	1
Volz, A	1
Lüscher, S	1
Kissling, W	1
Jahn, T	1
Saha, KB	1
Bo, L	1
Zhao, S	1
Xia, J	1
Sampson, S	1
Zaman, RU	1
Choy, BNK	1
Ng, ALK	1
Shum, JWH	1
Fan, MCY	1
Lai, JSM	1
Nur, S	2
Moilanen, JM	1
Veijola, JM	1
Isohanni, MK	1
Koponen, HJ	1
Kimura, H	1
Sasaki, T	2
Komatsu, N	1
Muneoka, K	1
Ino, H	1
Yoshimura, K	1
Suzuki, T	3
Komatsu, H	1
Watanabe, H	2
Shimizu, E	1
Maric, NP	1
Jovicic, MJ	1
Mihaljevic, M	1
Miljevic, C	2
Borges, LTN	1
Barbosa, TM	1
Matos, NCB	1
Lima, RF	1
Oliveira, MN	1
Gularte, VN	1
Vale, OCD	1
Sacchi, S	3
Cappelletti, P	2
Pirone, L	1
Smaldone, G	1
Pedone, E	1
Pollegioni, L	3
Biagiarelli, M	1
Curto, M	1
Di Pomponio, I	1
Comparelli, A	1
Baldessarini, RJ	5
Ferracuti, S	1
Gowda, GS	1
Hegde, A	1
Shanbhag, V	1
Narayanaswamy, JC	1
Jaisoorya, TS	1
Correll, CU	2
Frederickson, AM	1
Figen, V	1
Ginn-Scott, EJ	1
Pantaleon Moya, RA	1
Kane, JM	3
Manu, P	1
Iwana, S	1
Kawazoe, T	1
Park, HK	1
Tsuchiya, K	1
Ono, K	1
Yorita, K	1
Sakai, T	2
Kusumi, T	1
Fukui, K	1
Leucht, C	2
Kitzmantel, M	2
Chua, L	2
Kane, J	7
Shim, G	1
Kang, DH	1
Kwon, JS	2
Wheeler, A	1
Humberstone, V	1
Robinson, E	1
Frankenburg, FR	1
Forbes, NF	1
Carrick, LA	1
Razeghinejad, MR	1
Nowroozzadeh, MH	1
Zamani, M	1
Amini, N	1
Takizawa, R	1
Hashimoto, K	2
Tochigi, M	1
Kawakubo, Y	1
Marumo, K	1
Fukuda, M	1
Kasai, K	1
Al Hadithy, AF	1
Ivanova, SA	1
Pechlivanoglou, P	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Adjunctive Siltuximab in Schizophrenia[NCT02796859]	Phase 1/Phase 2	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Recruiting
Role of Oral and Intestinal Microbiota in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)[NCT01198509]		178 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Completed
Pinpointing the Factors Affecting Clinical Study Experiences of Schizophrenia Patients[NCT05870722]		500 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2024-06-30	Not yet recruiting
Monitoring of Metabolic Adverse Events of Second Generation Antipsychotics in a Naive Pediatric Population Followed in Mental Health Outpatient and Inpatient Clinical Settings (MEMAS Prospective Study)[NCT04395326]		120 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2017-01-01	Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Risperidone Versus Risperidone Combined With Low Dose of Haloperidol in the Treatment of Schizophrenic Disorder[NCT00998608]	Phase 4	88 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Terminated (stopped due to terminated)
The Effects of Glycine Transport Inhibition on Brain Glycine Concentration[NCT00538070]		68 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Completed
Targeting a Genetic Mutation in Glycine Metabolism With D-cycloserine[NCT02304432]	Early Phase 1	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-27	Completed
A Multicenter Ascending Dose, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled Study of NAP (AL-108) in Chronic Schizophrenia[NCT00505765]	Phase 2	63 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-07-31	Completed
MK-0777 for the Treatment of Cognitive Impairments in Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00505076]	Phase 2	63 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-07-31	Completed
Clinical and Biomarker Assessment of Efficacy of Cognitive Remediation in Patients With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder Stabilized on Lurasidone[NCT01173874]	Phase 3	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-07-31	Completed
Effectiveness Trial of Attention Shaping for Schizophrenia[NCT00391677]		120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Completed
Phase IV Study of Ramelteon as an Adjunct Therapy in Non-Diabetic Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00595504]	Phase 4	25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-01-31	Completed
Study of add-on Ramelteon Therapy on Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disruption in Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT03075657]	Phase 4	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-05-01	Completed
Switching Antipsychotics: Abrupt Discontinuation Versus Overlap[NCT02640300]	Phase 4	33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1999-05-31	Completed
Hematological Clozapine Monitoring With a Point-of-care Device (CHEMPAQ)[NCT01138618]		85 participants (Actual)	Observational	2010-04-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

"DAS28 (disease activity score with 28 joint count). Possible score range: 0 to 10. This is a composite index calculated from 4 measures: two from a physician (28 tender joint count, 28 swollen joint count), one from the patient (patient global estimate of disease activity), and one laboratory biomarker (erythrocyte sedimentation rate or ESR). A score of 0 represents best possible health status (no apparent disease activity) and 10 represents worst possible.~The outcome is reported as mean change in DAS28 score from baseline to 6 months. The mean changes reported are negative values for downward change in score (i.e., improvement in health status)." (NCT01198509)
Timeframe: 6 months

Alteration of Microbiota, Alteration of T Cell Function/Activation

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) - Doxycycline	-1.3
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) - Vancomycin	-1.5
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Randomized to no Treatment	-2.5

"Oral and intestinal microbiota, and T cell function and activation, will be assessed at baseline, and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months after baseline, to determine whether changes are associated with vancomycin treatment versus doxycycline treatment versus no treatment.~Results are reported as number of participants who experienced changes in oral/intestinal microbiota, T cell function/activation.~Methods/criteria to assess change in microbiota: change in relative abundance of microorganisms at genus and species level (as assessed high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing).~Methods/criteria to assess change in T cell function/activation: change in percentage of inhibition of regulatory T cells as measured by interferon gamma levels in in-vitro assays." (NCT01198509)
Timeframe: 6 months

Auditory Evoked Potentials - P50 Ratio (P50 S2/S1) (Amplitude)

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Change in oral/intestinal microbiota	Change in T cell function/activation
Early RA Cross-sectional Cohort	0	0
Healthy Volunteers	0	0
Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA)	0	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) - Doxycycline	4	2
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) - Vancomycin	10	6
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Randomized to no Treatment	2	19

Auditory evoked potential amplitude: P50 ratio (P50 S2/S1) (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment

Auditory Evoked Potentials in Amplitude (Degrees Measured in Microvolts)

Intervention	ratio (Number)
	P50 ratio: Baseline	P50 ratio: Week 8 of DCS
First Open Label DCS	44.51	30

Auditory evoked potential amplitude: P300 at fz, cz, and pz; N100 at fz and cz; P200 at fz and cz; P50 S1 and S2; mismatch negativity (MMN) at fz and cz. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment

Auditory Evoked Potentials in Gamma Oscillations (the Power Spectrum is Measured in Microvolts Squared)

Intervention	microvolts (Number)
	P300 at fz: Baseline	P300 at cz: Baseline	P300 at pz: Baseline	N100 at fz: Baseline	N100 at cz: Baseline	P200 at fz: Baseline	P200 at cz: Baseline	P50 S1: Baseline	P50 S2: Baseline	MMN at fz: Baseline	MMN at cz: Baseline	P300 at fz: Week 8 of DCS	P300 at cz: Week 8 of DCS	P300 at pz: Week 8 of DCS	N100 at fz: Week 8 of DCS	N100 at cz: Week 8 of DCS	P200 at fz: Week 8 of DCS	P200 at cz: Week 8 of DCS	P50 S1: Week 8 of DCS	P50 S2: Week 8 of DCS	MMN at fz: Week 8 of DCS	MMN at cz: Week 8 of DCS
First Open Label DCS	-0.635	6.529	5.340	-3.926	-3.615	1.662	6.591	2.759	1.23	-3.356	-4.130	3.030	6.810	6.620	-3.260	-3.940	8.200	8.160	1.36	0.4	-3.330	-1.540

Auditory evoked potential gamma: G40 hz phase locking at fz and cz; G30 hz phase locking at fz and cz; G20 hz phase locking at fz and cz (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment

Auditory Evoked Potentials in Latency (Msec)

Intervention	microvolts squared (Number)
	G40 hz phase locking at fz: Baseline	G40 hz phase locking at cz: Baseline	G30 hz phase locking at fz: Baseline	G30 hz phase locking at cz: Baseline	G20 hz phase locking at fz: Baseline	G20 hz phase locking at cz: Baseline	G40 hz phase locking at fz: Week 8 of DCS	G40 hz phase locking at cz: Week 8 of DCS	G30 hz phase locking at fz: Week 8 of DCS	G30 hz phase locking at cz: Week 8 of DCS	G20 hz phase locking at fz: Week 8 of DCS	G20 hz phase locking at cz: Week 8 of DCS
First Open Label DCS	0.135	0.168	0.190	0.163	0.023	0.030	0.344	0.381	0.168	0.19	0.01	-0.01

Auditory evoked potential latency: P300 at fz, cz, and pz; N100 at fz and cz; P200 at fz and cz. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment

Brain Glycine/CR Ratio

Intervention	msec (Number)
	P300 at fz: Baseline	P300 at cz: Baseline	P300 at pz: Baseline	N100 at fz: Baseline	N100 at cz: Baseline	P200 at fz: Baseline	P200 at cz: Baseline	P300 at fz: Week 8 of DCS	P300 at cz: Week 8 of DCS	P300 at pz: Week 8 of DCS	N100 at fz: Week 8 of DCS	N100 at cz: Week 8 of DCS	P200 at fz: Week 8 of DCS	P200 at cz: Week 8 of DCS
First Open Label DCS	279.297	279.297	279.297	97.656	91.797	197.266	193.359	294.920	294.000	294	87.9	88.000	212.890	212.000

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 4T: brain glycine/CR ratio. Participants were assessed at baseline (pre-glycine challenge dose and 60, 80, 100 and 120 minutes post glycine dose) and in week 8 of of open-label DCS treatment: pre-DCS dose, and 60, 80, 100 and 120 minutes post DCS dose. Measured in posterior occipital cortex. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment

Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) Scores

Intervention	ratio (Median)
	Baseline	Baseline at 60 minutes	Baseline at 80 minutes	Baseline at 100 minutes	Baseline at 120 minutes	Week 8 of DCS: Baseline	Week 8 of DCS: 60 minutes	Week 8 of DCS: 80 minutes	Week 8 of DCS: 100 minutes	Week 8 of DCS: 120 minutes
Open Label DCS	0.41245	0.50375	0.65295	0.61505	0.8256	0.10977	0.248885	0.32609	0.32052	0.312155

Total BPRS score measures severity of 18 psychiatric symptoms. Each symptom is scored 1-7 with the total score ranging from 18-126. 18 means no symptoms and 126 means very severe symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2

Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) Scores

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	Baseline BPRS	2 weeks BPRS	4 weeks BPRS	6 weeks BPRS	8 weeks BPRS	10 weeks BPRS	12 weeks BPRS	14 weeks BPRS	16 weeks BPRS	18 weeks BPRS	20 weeks BPRS	22 weeks BPRS	24 weeks BPRS
First Open Label DCS	37	25	26	24	24.5	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Second Open Label DCS	31.5	30.5	28	25.5	26	26.5	26	25.5	28.5	27	25	24.5	26.5

Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Severity Scores

Intervention	units on a scale (Number)
	Baseline BPRS for first intervention	2 weeks BPRS for first intervention	4 weeks BPRS for first intervention	6 weeks BPRS for first intervention	Baseline BPRS for second intervention	2 weeks BPRS for second intervention	4 weeks BPRS for second intervention	6 weeks BPRS for second intervention
DCS First, Then Placebo	26	25	25	26	39	45	45	38
Placebo First, Then DCS	29	35	33	35	36	30	27	28

CGI severity scores measure severity of mental illness on a scale of 1-7 where 1 means normal, not at all ill, 2 means borderline mentally ill, 3 means mildly ill, 4 means moderately ill, 5 means markedly ill, 6 means severely ill and 7 means among the most extremely ill patients. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2

Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Severity Scores

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	Baseline CGI	2 weeks CGI	4 weeks CGI	6 weeks CGI	8 weeks CGI	10 weeks CGI	12 weeks CGI	14 weeks CGI	16 weeks CGI	18 weeks CGI	20 weeks CGI	22 weeks CGI	24 weeks CGI
First Open Label DCS	4	2	2	2	2	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Second Open Label DCS	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	3	2.5	2	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5

Depression Symptom Scores

Intervention	units on a scale (Number)
	Baseline CGI for first intervention	2 weeks CGI for first intervention	4 weeks CGI for first intervention	6 weeks CGI for first intervention	Baseline CGI for second intervention	2 weeks CGI for second intervention	4 weeks CGI for second intervention	6 weeks CGI for second intervention
DCS First, Then Placebo	2	2	2	2	3	3	3	3
Placebo First, Then DCS	1	3	3	3	3	2	2	2

Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM) measures severity of depression symptoms. The sum of the ratings for 9 depression symptoms is measured on a scale of 0-2 with 0 meaning no depression symptoms and 2 meaning some level of severity of that specific symptom. The rating for one depression symptom is measured on a scale of 0-3 with 0 meaning no depression symptoms and 3 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The sum of ratings for 11 depression symptoms is measured on a scale of 0-4, with 0 meaning no symptoms and 4 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The three sums are added to produce an overall depression rating scale score ranging from 0-65. Higher scores indicate worse depression symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2

Depression Symptom Scores

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	Baseline HAM	2 weeks HAM	4 weeks HAM	6 weeks HAM	8 weeks HAM	10 weeks HAM	12 weeks HAM	14 weeks HAM	16 weeks HAM	18 weeks HAM	20 weeks HAM	22 weeks HAM	24 weeks HAM
First Open Label DCS	5	1.5	1	0.5	1.5	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Second Open Label DCS	0.5	1	1	0	2.5	0	0	0	3.5	0	0	0	0

Mania Symptom Scores

Intervention	units on a scale (Number)
	Baseline HAM for first intervention	2 weeks HAM for first intervention	4 weeks HAM for first intervention	6 weeks HAM for first intervention	Baseline HAM for second intervention	2 weeks HAM for second intervention	4 weeks HAM for second intervention	6 weeks HAM for second intervention
DCS First, Then Placebo	0	1	0	0	2	12	9	2
Placebo First, Then DCS	4	5	2	10	0	0	0	0

Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) measures severity of manic symptoms. The sum of the ratings for 7 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale of 0-4 and the sumof 4 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale of 0-8 to yield a total score ranging from 0-60, with 0 meaning no manic symptoms and 60 meaning severe manic symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2

Mania Symptom Scores

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	Baseline YMRS	2 weeks YMRS	4 weeks YMRS	6 weeks YMRS	8 weeks YMRS	10 weeks YMRS	12 weeks YMRS	14 weeks YMRS	16 weeks YMRS	18 weeks YMRS	20 weeks YMRS	22 weeks YMRS	24 weeks YMRS
First Open Label DCS	2	1	1	0	0	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Second Open Label DCS	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1

Neurocognitive Function

Intervention	units on a scale (Number)
	Baseline YMRS for first intervention	2 weeks YMRS for first intervention	4 weeks YMRS for first intervention	6 weeks YMRS for first intervention	Baseline YMRS for second intervention	2 weeks YMRS for second intervention	4 weeks YMRS for second intervention	6 weeks YMRS for second intervention
DCS First, Then Placebo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Placebo First, Then DCS	1	0	0	0	4	1	1	1

Scores on each of 8 domains of cognitive function (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning/problem solving, social cognition, overall composite). Scores are T scores ranging from 0-100, with 50 representing the mean for a population based on a normal distribution, standard deviation of 10. Higher scores signify better functioning. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of open-label DCS treatment

Positive and Negative Symptom Scores

Intervention	T scores (Median)
	Baseline Processing Speed	Baseline Attention/Vigilance	Baseline Working Memory	Baseline Verbal Learning	Baseline Visual Learning	Baseline Reasoning/Problem Solving	Baseline Social Cognition	Baseline Overall Composite Score	Week 8 of open-label DCS Processing Speed	Week 8 of open-label DCS Attention/Vigilance	Week 8 of open-label DCS Working Memory	Week 8 of open-label DCS Verbal Learning	Week 8 of open-label DCS Visual Learning	Week 8 of open-label DCS Reasoning/Problem Solving	Week 8 of open-label DCS Social Cognition	Week 8 of open-label DCS Overall Composite Score
Open Label DCS	48.5	44.5	38.5	54	50.5	52.5	48	46.5	52.5	47.5	50.5	43.5	54.5	66.5	44.5	51.5

Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) measures positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The sum of ratings for seven positive symptoms is measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms.The sum of ratings for seven negative symptoms is measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2

Positive and Negative Symptom Scores

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	Baseline positive	Baseline negative	2 weeks positive	2 weeks negative	4 weeks positive	4 weeks negative	6 weeks positive	6 weeks negative	8 weeks positive	8 weeks negative	10 weeks positive	10 weeks negative	12 weeks positive	12 weeks negative	14 weeks positive	14 weeks negative	16 weeks positive	16 weeks negative	18 weeks positive	18 weeks negative	20 weeks positive	20 weeks negative	22 weeks positive	22 weeks negative	24 weeks positive	24 weeks negative
First Open Label DCS	14.5	14.5	10	12	10.5	12	9	12	9	12	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Second Open Label DCS	11	14	11	14	10.5	13.5	9	13	9.5	12	10.5	13	11	12	10	12	10.5	12	10.5	12	10.5	12	9.5	12	10	12

Change in MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB)

Intervention	units on a scale (Number)
	Baseline positive for first intervention	Baseline negative symptoms for first intervention	2 weeks positive for first intervention	2 weeks negative for first intervention	4 weeks positive for first intervention	4 weeks negative for first intervention	6 weeks positive for first intervention	6 weeks negative for first intervention	Baseline positive for second intervention	Baseline negative for second intervention	2 weeks positive for second intervention	2 weeks negative for second intervention	4 weeks positive for second intervention	4 weeks negative for second intervention	6 weeks positive for second intervention	6 weeks negative for second intervention
DCS First, Then Placebo	10	15	10	15	10	15	10	15	15	18	15	18	15	18	14	18
Placebo First, Then DCS	11	9	12	15	11	13	13	13	13	13	10	11	9	11	9	11

The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) measures functioning across various cognitive domains and is comprised of ten tests that assess seven cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition) Its measurements are based on timed paper-and-pencil, computerized, and orally-administered tests, as well as spatial tests using geometric cubes. MCCB composite T scores are between 40 and 60 (normal range) and < 40 (below normal range). (NCT00505765)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks

Change in MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery Composite Score Change

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
AL-108, 30 mg/Day	3.9
AL-108, 5 mg/Day	4.6
Placebo	3.2

Change in SCoRS Interviewer Global Rating

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
AL-108, 30 mg/Day	1.3
AL-108, 5 mg/Day	2.3
Placebo	-0.2

Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) assessed functional capacity by completing a 20-question rating scale via interviews with the subject and an informant, focusing on cognitive impairment and its impact on daily functioning. After the interview, the interviewer rated subject's overall difficulty on a Global Scale of 1-10. Higher scores indicate greater cognitive impairment. (NCT00505765)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks

Change in SCoRS Interviewer Global Rating

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
AL-108, 30 mg/Day	-0.4
AL-108, 5 mg/Day	-1.2
Placebo	-0.3

Change in UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) Summary Scores

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
AL-108, 30 mg/Day	0.1
AL-108, 5 mg/Day	-0.6
Placebo	-0.1

UPSA includes 5 skill areas (subscales) with scores that each range from 0-20. The UPSA yields an overall total score which is the sum of the five subscales and ranges from 0-100. Higher scores are associated with more independent living. (NCT00505765)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks

Change in UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) Summary Scores

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
AL-108, 30 mg/Day	4.9
AL-108, 5 mg/Day	8.9
Placebo	0.3

Composite MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery Score

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
AL-108, 30 mg/Day	2.9
AL-108, 5 mg/Day	7.2
Placebo	-0.9

The primary outcome measure is the composite score on the Matrics Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). The MCCB composite score is a standardized mean of the seven domain scores. T-scores are standardized to normative data, and have an estimated mean of 50 and SD of 10 in the general healthy population. Data reduction for analysis of neurocognitive testing used the following steps: i) individual neurocognitive test scores at baseline and follow-up were converted to t-scores; ii) t-scores within the pre-specified cognitive domains measured by more than one test were averaged to obtain a domain-specific t-score; and iii) domain-specific t-scores were averaged to create the MCCB composite score. (NCT00505076)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) Score

Intervention	composite score (Mean)
MK-077 8 mg BID	27.9
MK-0777 3 mg BID	31.3
Placebo BID	32.5

The Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) assessed functional capacity. The SCoRS Interviewer Global Rating of function has a range 1 to 10. Higher ratings indicate greater impairment. (NCT00505076)
Timeframe: 4 Weeks (Baseline to End of Treatment)

UPSA(UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment) Summary Score

Intervention	SCoRS Score (Mean)
	Baseline	End of Treatment
MK-077 8 mg BID	4.1	4.0
MK-0777 3 mg BID	4.8	4.6
Placebo BID	3.8	3.6

The UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment assessed functional capacity. The UPSA Summary Score has a range from 0 to 120. A higher score indicates less impairment. (NCT00505076)
Timeframe: Baseline and end of treatment, a total of four weeks.

Cognition as Measured by Cognitive Assessment Interview (CAI)

Intervention	UPSA Summary Score (Mean)
	Baseline	End of Treatment
MK-077 8 mg BID	91.7	90.4
MK-0777 3 mg BID	85.0	86.3
Placebo BID	95.0	96.5

"Cognitive Assessment Interview was used to obtain information about cognitive functioning from both subject and an informant. Composite CAI scores were reported. Scale ranges from 1-7 with the following anchors:~Normal, no cognitive impairment~Borderline impairment~Mildly impaired~Moderately impaired~Markedly impaired~Severely impaired~Among the most extremely impaired" (NCT01173874)
Timeframe: 4-6 month period

Cognitive Function as Measured by the University of California, San Diego, Performance-Based Skills Assessment-Brief (UPSA-B) Scale

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Cognitive Remediation	2.74
Cognitive Activity Control Group	2.79

The UPSA-B assesses functional capacity to perform tasks similar to those in daily life. Raw scores are converted into scaled scores ranging from 0-100, with higher scores indicating better functional capacity. (NCT01173874)
Timeframe: 4-6 month period

Cognitive Function Measured by MCCB Composite Score

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Cognitive Remediation	79.74
Cognitive Activity Control Group	75.85

"The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) will be used to assess cognitive function. The MCCB composite score is comprised of sub-scale measures of: a) working memory; b) attention and vigilance; c) verbal learning; d) visual learning; e) speed of processing; f) reason and problem solving; and g) social cognition. The MCCB takes 90 minutes or less to complete.~MCCB assessed 4 times: prestabilization (screening), randomization (after 6-8 weeks of lurasidone stabilization, prior to initial cognitive remediation), midpoint (after 20 cognitive remediation session), and study completion (final visit after 30 cognitive remediation sessions).~MCCB composite scores are reported as t-scores where a t-score = 50 is the population average. Every 10 points is one standard deviation. There is no range as scores are as far from population average." (NCT01173874)
Timeframe: 4-6 month period

Efficacy as Measured by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Cognitive Remediation	35.39
Cognitive Activity Control Group	30.73

"Total PANSS score with 30 items. Each item is rated 1-7 so the minimum Total PANSS score =30 and the maximum is 210. Anchors for each item are as follows, the higher values represent an increase in severity of symptoms:~Absent~Minimal~Mild~Moderate~Moderately severe~Severe~Extremely severe" (NCT01173874)
Timeframe: 4-6 month period

Change in Abdominal Fat (DEXA).

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Cognitive Remediation	58.79
Cognitive Activity Control Group	61.1

A comparison between the ramelteon group and the placebo group of change in abdominal fat measured by a DEXA scan, assessed at Baseline and Week 8. (NCT00595504)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Change in Insulin Resistance as Measured by the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).

Intervention	g (Mean)
Ramelteon	3934.86
Placebo (Sugar Pill)	5120.92

A comparison between the ramelteon group and the placebo group of change in insulin resistance measured by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), assessed at Baseline and Week 8. (NCT00595504)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Change in Waist Circumference

Intervention	HOMA score (Mean)
Ramelteon	2.4
Placebo (Sugar Pill)	2.36

A comparison between the ramelteon group and the placebo group in change in waist circumference (measured in cm) measured at Baseline and Week 8. (NCT00595504)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Article	Year
Treatment of cancer with antipsychotic medications: Pushing the boundaries of schizophrenia and cancer. Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2022, Volume: 141 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Humans; Methylene Blue; Neoplasms; Phenothiazines; Reserpine;	2022
Chlorpromazine versus metiapine for schizophrenia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017, Mar-25, Volume: 3 Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Dibenzothiazepines; Humans; Parkinson Disease, Secondar	2017
Chlorpromazine versus clotiapine for schizophrenia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017, Apr-07, Volume: 4 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Dibenzothiazepines; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Humans; Intentio	2017
Chlorpromazine dose for people with schizophrenia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017, 04-13, Volume: 4 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Barbiturates; Chloral Hydrate; Chlorpromazine; Drug Administration Schedule; H	2017
Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017, 06-28, Volume: 6 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Dyskinesia,	2017
Chlorpromazine versus penfluridol for schizophrenia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017, 09-23, Volume: 9 Topics: Adult; Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Humans; Length of Stay; Penflu	2017
Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Chlorpromazine. ACS chemical neuroscience, 2019, 01-16, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Dopamine Antagonists; Humans; Schizophrenia; Structur	2019
Review: Chlorpromazine Versus Penfluridol for Schizophrenia. Issues in mental health nursing, 2018, Volume: 39, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Humans; Penfluridol; Schizophrenia	2018
Chlorpromazine versus piperacetazine for schizophrenia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2018, Oct-31, Volume: 10 Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Female; Humans; Male; Phenothiazines; Randomized Contro	2018
Chlorpromazine versus placebo for schizophrenia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014, Jan-06, Issue:1 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Humans; Placebo Effect; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;	2014
Chlorpromazine versus every other antipsychotic for schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis challenging the dogma of equal efficacy of antipsychotic drugs. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2014, Volume: 24, Issue:7 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Humans; Schizophrenia; Treatment Outcome	2014
Flupenthixol versus low-potency first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014, Sep-01, Issue:9 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Flupenthixol; Humans; Randomized Cont	2014
Response trajectories to clozapine in a secondary analysis of pivotal trials support using treatment response to subtype schizophrenia. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2015, Volume: 60, Issue:3 Suppl 2 Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Humans; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Sch	2015
Employing proteomics to unravel the molecular effects of antipsychotics and their role in schizophrenia. Proteomics. Clinical applications, 2016, Volume: 10, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Aripiprazole; Brain; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Disease Models, Anima	2016
Chlorpromazine versus atypical antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016, Apr-05, Volume: 4 Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Chlorpromazine; Humans; Olanzapine; Quetiapine Fumarat	2016
Chlorpromazine vs Reserpine for Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia bulletin, 2016, Volume: 42, Issue:3 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Humans; Reserpine; Schizophrenia	2016
Chlorpromazine versus reserpine for schizophrenia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016, Apr-28, Volume: 4 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Reserpine; Schi	2016
Improving Current Treatments for Schizophrenia. Drug development research, 2016, Volume: 77, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dopamine Antagonist	2016
Working memory in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Psychological medicine, 2009, Volume: 39, Issue:6 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Cognition Disorders; Humans; Memory; Memory Disorders; Psychol	2009
Chlorpromazine dose for people with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia bulletin, 2009, Volume: 35, Issue:3 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Randomized Controlle	2009
Chlorpromazine dose for people with schizophrenia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2009, Apr-15, Issue:2 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Schizophrenia	2009
Processing speed deficits in schizophrenia: reexamining the evidence. The American journal of psychiatry, 2010, Volume: 167, Issue:7 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chi-Square Distribution; Chlorpromazine; Cognition; Humans; Intelligence Tests	2010
Past and present progress in the pharmacologic treatment of schizophrenia. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2010, Volume: 71, Issue:9 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Melli	2010
Levomepromazine for schizophrenia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2010, Oct-06, Issue:10 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Humans; Methotrimeprazine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Top	2010
Antipsychotic medication for early episode schizophrenia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011, Jun-15, Issue:6 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Fluphenazine; Humans; Patient Dropouts; Randomized Controlled	2011
Antipsychotic medication for early-episode schizophrenia. Schizophrenia bulletin, 2012, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Early Medical Intervention; Fluphenazine; Humans; Schizophreni	2012
A quantitative review of the profile and time course of symptom change in schizophrenia treated with clozapine. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2012, Volume: 26, Issue:9 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance;	2012
Chlorpromazine versus placebo for schizophrenia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2003, Issue:2 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Humans; Placebo Effect; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;	2003
Chlorpromazine equivalent doses for the newer atypical antipsychotics. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2003, Volume: 64, Issue:6 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Aripiprazole; Benzodiazepines; Chlorpromazine; Dibenzothiazepines; Dose-Respon	2003
Chlorpromazine equivalent doses for the newer atypical antipsychotics. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2003, Volume: 64, Issue:6 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Aripiprazole; Benzodiazepines; Chlorpromazine; Dibenzothiazepines; Dose-Respon	2003
Chlorpromazine equivalent doses for the newer atypical antipsychotics. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2003, Volume: 64, Issue:6 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Aripiprazole; Benzodiazepines; Chlorpromazine; Dibenzothiazepines; Dose-Respon	2003
Chlorpromazine equivalent doses for the newer atypical antipsychotics. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2003, Volume: 64, Issue:6 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Aripiprazole; Benzodiazepines; Chlorpromazine; Dibenzothiazepines; Dose-Respon	2003
[Late schizophrenia]. Ryoikibetsu shokogun shirizu, 2003, Issue:38 Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Diagnostic and Statistic	2003
A GP guide to schizophrenia. The Practitioner, 2003, Volume: 247, Issue:1650 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Humans; Prognosis; Psychotherapy; Schizophrenia	2003
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ASYPHYXIA RELATIVELY INHERENT TO TRANQUILIZATION. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND REPORT OF SEVEN CASES. Archives of general psychiatry, 1965, Volume: 12 Topics: Asphyxia; Barbiturates; Central Nervous System; Chlorpromazine; Esophagogastric Junction; Hypnotics	1965
From chlorpromazine to clozapine--antipsychotic adverse effects and the clinician's dilemma. Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2003, Volume: 48, Issue:11 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Long QT	2003
Schizophrenia. Clinical evidence, 2003, Issue:10 Topics: Amisulpride; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Cognitive Behavioral	2003
Schizophrenia. Clinical evidence, 2004, Issue:12 Topics: Amisulpride; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Haloperidol; Humans;	2004
Chlorpromazine for schizophrenia: a Cochrane systematic review of 50 years of randomised controlled trials. BMC medicine, 2005, Oct-17, Volume: 3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pl	2005
Schizophrenia. Current biology : CB, 2005, Dec-20, Volume: 15, Issue:24 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Dopamine; Dopamine Antagon	2005
Schizophrenia. Clinical evidence, 2005, Issue:14 Topics: Amisulpride; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Dibenzot	2005
Cessation of medication for people with schizophrenia already stable on chlorpromazine. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2007, Jan-24, Issue:1 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Schizophrenia;	2007
Chlorpromazine versus placebo for schizophrenia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2007, Apr-18, Issue:2 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Humans; Placebo Effect; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic;	2007
An analysis of safety and tolerability data from controlled, comparative studies of quetiapine in patients with schizophrenia, focusing on extrapyramidal symptoms. Human psychopharmacology, 2007, Volume: 22, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antipsychotic Agents; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Chlorproma	2007
Cessation of medication for people with schizophrenia already stable on chlorpromazine. Schizophrenia bulletin, 2008, Volume: 34, Issue:1 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Recurrence; Sch	2008
Haloperidol versus chlorpromazine for schizophrenia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2008, Jan-23, Issue:1 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Haloperidol; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sc	2008
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Neuroleptic-refractory patients and their drug plasma levels. L'Encephale, 1982, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Resistance; Humans; Kinetics	1982
Prolactin levels and effects of neuroleptics. Psychosomatics, 1983, Volume: 24, Issue:6 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Biological Availability; Chlorpromazine; Drug Tolerance; Dyskinesia, Drug-Indu	1983
The nosology of schizoaffective psychosis. Psychiatric developments, 1983,Winter, Volume: 1, Issue:4 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Chlorpromazine; Diagnosis, Differential; Diseases in Twins;	1983
Drug treatment of schizophrenia. The Psychiatric clinics of North America, 1984, Volume: 7, Issue:3 Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Antiparkinson Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Chemical Phenomena; Ch	1984
The direct effects of compliance on health outcome. Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 1984, Volume: 3, Issue:4 Topics: Alcoholism; Chlorpromazine; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Clofibrate; Coronary Disease; Disulfiram; Drug T	1984
The duration of the movement aftereffect as an index of psychiatric illness. Perception, 1994, Volume: 23, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Antiparkinson Agents; Attention; Chlorpromazine; Dopamine; Eye Movements; Female; Fixation, O	1994
Psychomotor impairment and cognitive disturbances induced by neuroleptics. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1994, Volume: 380 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Attention; Chlorpromazine; Cognition Disorders; Eye Movements; Humans; Neurolo	1994
A review of the effects of nicotine on schizophrenia and antipsychotic medications. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 1999, Volume: 50, Issue:10 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Auditory Perception; Chlorpromazine; Chronic Disease; Clozapine; Databases as	1999
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Schizophrenia: an illness of distorted reality. Biologist (London, England), 2000, Volume: 47, Issue:4 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Delusions; Dopamine Antagonists; Female; GABA Antag	2000
Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a cost-utility analysis. The Canadian journal of clinical pharmacology = Journal canadien de pharmacologie clinique, 2001,Winter, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Clozapine; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Decision Support Techniques;	2001
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Maintenance antipsychotic drugs do prevent relapse: a reply to Tobias and MacDonald. Psychological bulletin, 1976, Volume: 83, Issue:3 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Chronic Disease; Drug Evaluation; Fluphenazine; Humans; Perphe	1976
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Relevance of polymorphic drug oxidation in the use of neuroleptics in schizophrenia. Progress in clinical and biological research, 1986, Volume: 214 Topics: Amoxapine; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Antipsychotic Agents; Asian People; Chlorpromazine; Deb	1986
Psychotropic drugs and the thyroid axis: a review of interactions. Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology, 1985, Volume: 40 Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Brain; Chlorpromazine; Depressive Disorder; Desipramine; Drug Interaction	1985
The importance of dosage in antipsychotic drug administration--a review of dose-response studies. Psychopharmacologia, 1973, Volume: 29, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Behavior; Chlorpromazine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dose-Response Relationship,	1973
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Implications of catecholamine systems of the brain in schizophrenia. Research publications - Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease, 1974, Volume: 53 Topics: Amphetamine; Brain; Catecholamines; Chlorpromazine; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Histamine H1 A	1974
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Clinical use of psychotherapeutic drugs. I. Antipsychotic and antimanic drugs. Drugs, 1972, Volume: 4, Issue:5 Topics: Affective Symptoms; Behavior; Bipolar Disorder; Chlorpromazine; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug-Related	1972
[The cardiovascular effects of neuroleptics based on current knowledge]. Der Nervenarzt, 1973, Volume: 44, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Pressure; Ca	1973
[The factors influencing the effectiveness of therapy in schizophrenia and the principles of patient selection for a comparative evaluation of the results of treatment (a survey of the literature)]. Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), 1973, Volume: 73, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Alcoholism; Catatonia; Chlorpromazine; Chronic Diseas	1973
The use and abuse of the psychotropic drugs. The Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association, 1973, Volume: 66, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Amphetamine; Antidepressive Agents; Anxiety; Chlorpromazine; Depression; Drug Utilization; Fe	1973
N,N-dimethyltryptamine--a possible relationship to schizophrenia? Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology, 1974, Volume: 11, Issue:0 Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chlorpromazine; Chromatography, Gas; Condi	1974
Drug therapy. Progress in neurology and psychiatry, 1967, Volume: 22 Topics: Amphetamine; Antidepressive Agents; Chlorpromazine; Chlorprothixene; Clinical Trials as Topic; Hallu	1967
Results and trends of conditioning studies in schizophrenia. International review of neurobiology, 1968, Volume: 11 Topics: Chlorpromazine; Conditioning, Classical; Haloperidol; Higher Nervous Activity; Humans; Insulin; Reac	1968
Cytogenetic aspects of psychopathology. Proceedings of the annual meeting of the American Psychopathological Association, 1969, Volume: 58 Topics: Aggression; Animals; Body Height; Chlorpromazine; Chromosome Aberrations; Cytogenetics; Epilepsy; Hu	1969
Schizophrenia and interference. An analogy with a malfunctioning computer. Archives of general psychiatry, 1970, Volume: 22, Issue:3 Topics: Arousal; Chlorpromazine; Computers; Drive; Ego; Electroencephalography; Humans; Memory; Memory, Shor	1970
[Differential indication for the use of neuroleptics]. Activitas nervosa superior, 1970, Jan-12, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Chlorpromazine; Drug Synergism; Fluphenazine; Hallucinations; Humans; Imipramine; Met	1970
Clinical and heuristic value of clinical drug research. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 1970, Volume: 151, Issue:5 Topics: Affective Symptoms; Amitriptyline; Amphetamine; Butyrophenones; Child Behavior Disorders; Chlorproma	1970
[Tryptophan and its metabolism in schizophrenia]. Psychiatria polska, 1970, Volume: 4, Issue:5 Topics: Chlorpromazine; Drug Synergism; Haloperidol; Humans; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Neurologic Manife	1970
The assay of chlorpromazine and metabolites in blood, urine, and other tissues. CRC critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences, 1971, Volume: 2, Issue:3 Topics: Brain; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chlorpromazine; Chromatography; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Fe	1971
Drug treatment in schizophrenia. Canadian Psychiatric Association journal, 1971, Volume: 16, Issue:6 Topics: Butyrophenones; Chlorpromazine; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Phenothiazines; Phenylalanine;	1971
On certain psychopharmacological and physiological differences between schizophrenic and normal persons. Psychopharmacologia, 1966, Volume: 8, Issue:5 Topics: Attention; Chlorpromazine; Humans; Reticular Formation; Schizophrenia; Secobarbital	1966

Authors	Studies
Juza, R	1
Vojtechova, I	1
Stefkova-Mazochova, K	1
Dehaen, W	1
Petrasek, T	1
Prchal, L	1
Kobrlova, T	1
Janousek, J	1
Vlcek, P	1
Mezeiova, E	1
Svozil, D	1
Karasova, JZ	1
Pejchal, J	1
Stark, H	1
Satala, G	1
Bojarski, AJ	1
Kubacka, M	1
Mogilski, S	1
Randakova, A	1
Musilek, K	1
Soukup, O	1
Korabecny, J	1
Kurokawa, Y	1
Watanabe, S	1
Miyabe, S	1
Ishibashi, K	1
Yamamoto, S	1
Goto, M	1
Hasegawa, S	1
Miyachi, H	1
Fujita, K	2
Nagao, T	1
Brown, JS	1
Haddad, C	3
Salameh, P	1
Sacre, H	2
Clément, JP	1
Calvet, B	1
Wadhwa, A	1
Beainy, C	1

chlorpromazine and Dementia Praecox

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (1,641)

Authors

Clinical Trials (15)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Mean Units Change in DAS28 From Baseline to 6 Months

Alteration of Microbiota, Alteration of T Cell Function/Activation

Auditory Evoked Potentials - P50 Ratio (P50 S2/S1) (Amplitude)

Auditory Evoked Potentials in Amplitude (Degrees Measured in Microvolts)

Auditory Evoked Potentials in Gamma Oscillations (the Power Spectrum is Measured in Microvolts Squared)

Auditory Evoked Potentials in Latency (Msec)

Brain Glycine/CR Ratio

Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) Scores

Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) Scores

Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Severity Scores

Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Severity Scores

Depression Symptom Scores

Depression Symptom Scores

Mania Symptom Scores

Mania Symptom Scores

Neurocognitive Function

Positive and Negative Symptom Scores

Positive and Negative Symptom Scores

Change in MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB)

Change in MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery Composite Score Change

Change in SCoRS Interviewer Global Rating

Change in SCoRS Interviewer Global Rating

Change in UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) Summary Scores

Change in UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) Summary Scores

Composite MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery Score

Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) Score

UPSA(UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment) Summary Score

Cognition as Measured by Cognitive Assessment Interview (CAI)

Cognitive Function as Measured by the University of California, San Diego, Performance-Based Skills Assessment-Brief (UPSA-B) Scale

Cognitive Function Measured by MCCB Composite Score

Efficacy as Measured by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)

Change in Abdominal Fat (DEXA).

Change in Insulin Resistance as Measured by the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).

Change in Waist Circumference

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies