chlorophyll-a and Porphyrias

Topics: 5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase; Aminolevulinic Acid; Animals; Bacteria; Chlorophyll; Fungi; Heme; Hemin; Humans; Lead Poisoning; Liver; Methods; Oxygen; Plants; Porphyrias; Porphyrins; Protein Biosynthesis; Protoporphyrins; Uroporphyrinogens

Topics: Adult; Aged; Chlorophyll; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Porphyrias

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chlorophyll; Disease Outbreaks; Photosensitivity Disorders; Porphyrias; Texas

Two types of plant-caused photosensitizations are recognized in livestock: 1) primary, wherein the phototoxic agent in the plant is ingested and reaches the skin chemically unchanged; and 2) secondary, wherein the phototoxic agent in the porphyrin phylloerythrin produced by chlorophyll degradation in ruminant stomachs. Phylloerythrin is normally excreted in bile but is allowed to reach the skin when hepatic damage interferes with the phylloerythrin-excreting mechanism. Primary photosensitizing plant toxins are few, whereas secondary photosensitizations can be caused by damage to the liver by a variety of plant and other toxins. Plants causing each type of photosensitization are discussed and clinical manifestations of the disease in livestock are summarized. Tetradymia species are one of the most economically important causes of phototoxicity in livestock. The etiology of this phototoxic syndrome in sheep and the importance of sagebrush species as preconditioning agents for phototoxicity are discussed.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Chlorophyll; Photosensitivity Disorders; Plants, Toxic; Porphyrias; Porphyrins; Skin Diseases; Sunlight

Certain synthetic and naturally occurring chemicals, particularly those found in some range plants, may interact with livestock and poultry in the presence of activating light to produce photosensitization. Such photosensitization may have serious implications for livestock producers as a result of causing reduced performance of and even death of affected animals. The mechanisms producing photosensitization in livestock and poultry are discussed in context with the chemical nature of major livestock photosensitizers. The possibility that photosensitizing agents for livestock may have toxicologic significance in humans consuming photoactive residues in meat or animal byproducts is considered.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Biotransformation; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chlorophyll; Costs and Cost Analysis; Liver; Photosensitivity Disorders; Plants; Porphyrias; Porphyrins; Poultry Diseases; Sunlight

Topics: Bile; Chlorophyll; Chromatography; Chromatography, Paper; Countercurrent Distribution; Humans; Porphyrias; Porphyrins; Spectrophotometry

Topics: Chlorophyll; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Humans; Porphyrias; Porphyrins

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlorophyll; Diet; Diet Therapy; Drug Therapy; Humans; Metabolism; Porphyria Cutanea Tarda; Porphyrias; Porphyrins; Skin Diseases

Topics: Chlorophyll; Cobalt; Hematinics; Humans; Iron; Porphyria, Acute Intermittent; Porphyrias; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Chlorophyll; Corrinoids; Hematinics; Humans; Neurologic Manifestations; Porphyria, Acute Intermittent; Porphyrias; Vitamin B 12