chlorophyll-a and Hypersensitivity

Current practice in neurosurgical needle insertion is limited by the straight trajectories inherent with rigid probes. One technique allowing curvilinear trajectories involves flexible bevel-tipped needles, which bend during insertion due to their asymmetry. In the brain, safety will require avoidance of the sharp tips often used in laboratory studies, in favor of a more rounded profile. Steering performance, on the other hand, requires maximal asymmetry. Design of safe bevel-tipped brain needles thus involves management of this tradeoff by adjusting needle gauge, bevel angle, and fillet (or tip) radius to arrive at a design that is suitably asymmetrical while producing strain, strain rate, and stress below the levels that would damage brain tissue.. The prototype needle selected was 1.66 mm in diameter, with bevel angle of 10° and fillet radius of 0.25 mm. Upon examination of postoperative CT and histological images, no differences in tissue trauma or hemorrhage were noted between the prototype needle and the Sedan needle.. The study indicates a general design technique for safe bevel-tipped brain needles based on comparison with relevant damage thresholds for strain, strain rate, and stress. The full potential of the technique awaits the determination of more exact safety thresholds.. Immunological responses after stings varied in bee and vespid venom-allergic patients. In patients under VIT, sIgE and sIgG

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alkaline Phosphatase; Allergens; Animals; Antibody Specificity; Arthropod Venoms; Asymptomatic Diseases; Biological Variation, Population; Blood Cells; Catalysis; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cell Count; Chlorophyll; Chlorophyll A; Chlorophyta; Cross-Sectional Studies; Crystallography, X-Ray; Dehydration; Dietary Supplements; Electromagnetic Fields; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Erythrocytes; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Female; Goats; Hand Strength; Hemoglobins; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoassay; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoglobulin G; Insect Bites and Stings; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Lichens; Light; Long-Term Care; Male; Mice; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Mutation; Osmotic Pressure; Paper; Peroxidases; Phenotype; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; Polychaeta; Powders; Rabbits; Radio Frequency Identification Device; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sarcopenia; Seasons; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Streptavidin; Substrate Specificity; Textiles; Water; Whole-Body Irradiation; Young Adult

Effect of sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC) on experimental allergic reaction was investigated. IgE antibody mediated reactions, homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats and the release of anaphylactic mediators (histamine and/or slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A] from sensitized guinea pig lung tissues or rat peritoneal mast cells classified as a Type I reaction were clearly inhibited by SCC at a similar potency as N-(3',4'-dimethoxy cinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (N-5'). The increase of vascular permeability in rat skin caused by autacoids or enzymes that participate in the Type I reaction was also inhibited by SCC. Type II or III, complement dependent, reactions including reversed cutaneous anaphylaxis (RCA) in rats and Forssman cutaneous vasculitis (FCV) in guinea pigs were inhibited by SCC. Prednisolone inhibited RCA in rats, but did not inhibit FCV in guinea pigs. Two experimental types of glomerulonephritis, nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis in rats and immune complex nephritis in (NZW X NZB) F1 mice, in which Type II and III reactions might participate in the onset and the development of the disease, were slightly inhibited by SCC in terms of the biochemical changes of blood and urine parameters and histopathological scores. A moderate remission of the onset and development of these two experimental types of nephritis was recognized by the administration of prednisolone. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction as a Type IV reaction caused by sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in sensitized mouse footpad was not affected by SCC. Prednisolone clearly inhibited the SRBC induced footpad reaction in mice. IgM antibody production in mice and IgE antibody production in rats were not influenced by daily injection of SCC.

Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Capillary Permeability; Chlorophyll; Chlorophyllides; Guinea Pigs; Hemolysis; Histamine Release; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin M; Male; Mice; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis; Prednisolone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; SRS-A; Superoxides

Topics: Chlorophyll; Coloring Agents; Hypersensitivity; Iodized Oil; Lymphatic System; Lymphography; Lymphoma; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pulmonary Embolism

Topics: Chlorophyll; Complement System Proteins; Hypersensitivity; Immunosuppressive Agents

Topics: Anti-Allergic Agents; Chlorophyll; Complement System Proteins; Desensitization, Immunologic; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Physiology

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Chlorophyll; Hypersensitivity; Research

Topics: Anaphylaxis; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Chlorophyll; Complement System Proteins; Copper; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immune System Diseases; In Vitro Techniques