chlorophyll-a and Hemolysis

In the present work, we investigated the dark and photoinduced cytotoxic activity of the new chlorophyll-a derivatives which contain the substituents of oligoethylene glycol on the periphery of their macrocycles. These compounds were tested using human cell lines to estimate their potential as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of cancer. It was shown that all the tested compounds have expressed photoinduced cytotoxic activity in vitro. Detailed study of the biological activity of one of the most perspective compound in this series-pyropheophorbide-a 17-diethylene glycol ester (Compound

Topics: A549 Cells; Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Chlorophyll; Chlorophyllides; Comet Assay; Darkness; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gene Expression; HEK293 Cells; HeLa Cells; Hemolysis; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Light; Mice; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Molecular Structure; Photosensitizing Agents; Polyethylene Glycols; Porphyrins

Novel nanohybrids consisting of nano-Ag, chitosan, lipids and phyto-compounds (chlorophyll a and curcumin) have been achieved through a simple bottom-up strategy, resulting in stable (ZP=-30.9mV) and spherical-shaped nano-entities with size <200nm (estimated by AFM analysis and DLS measurements). The formation of these biohybrids was monitored by absorption and emission spectroscopy, exploiting the spectral fingerprint of chlorophyll a. The bio-performances of these hybrid materials such as: high antioxidant activity (96.63%), strong biocidal properties against Escherichia coli ATCC 8738 (exhibiting an inhibition zone diameter of 32mm), hemocompatibility, in vitro cytotoxicity against HT-29 cancer cells and no toxicity to normal cells (in the biohybrid concentration range of 5.7-17%), make them promising candidates in bio-applications (antimicrobial and antioxidant coating, cancer treatment).

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Biological Products; Cell Death; Cell Shape; Cell Survival; Chlorophyll; Chlorophyll A; Escherichia coli; Folic Acid; Hemolysis; HT29 Cells; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Particle Size; Silver; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Static Electricity

Three new natural products, designated trehangelins A, B and C, were isolated by solvent extraction, silica gel and octadecylsilyl silica gel column chromatographies and subsequent preparative HPLC from the cultured broth of an endophytic actinomycete strain, Polymorphospora rubra K07-0510. The trehangelins consisted of a trehalose moiety and two angelic acid moieties. Trehangelins A (IC50 value, 0.1 mg ml(-1)) and C (IC50 value, 0.4 mg ml(-1)), with symmetric structures, showed potent inhibitory activity against hemolysis of red blood cells induced by light-activated pheophorbide a. However, trehangelin B, with an asymmetric structure, displayed only a slight inhibition (IC50 value, 1.0 mg ml(-1)).

Topics: Actinobacteria; Biological Products; Cell Survival; Chemical Phenomena; Chlorophyll; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endophytes; Erythrocytes; HEK293 Cells; Hemolysis; HT29 Cells; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Molecular Conformation; Orchidaceae; Oxidative Stress; Plant Roots; Radiation-Protective Agents; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Trehalose

Tetrapyrrole ethanolamide derivatives, 1 and 2, were prepared from hematoporphyrin IX (HPIX, 3) and methyl pheophorbide a (mPheo, 6). These were evaluated for their dual action as chemotherapeutics and photosensitizers in treatment of cancer. The novel compounds showed significant in vitro anticancer activity as measured in different cell lines using the MTT assay and photodynamic activity measured by erythrocytes' photohemolysis.

Topics: Alkylation; Amides; Antineoplastic Agents; Chlorophyll; Erythrocytes; Ethanol; HeLa Cells; Hematoporphyrins; Hemolysis; Humans; Photosensitizing Agents; Tetrapyrroles

The tentacle epithelial tissue of Cassiopea xamachana contains nematocysts and symbiotic algal particles. These two structures were dissociated, analyzed and sorted by flow cytometry. A simple separating method was developed utilizing the algal chlorophyll autofluorescence and the nematocysts' fluorescence after the uptake of fluorescent stains. A five-fold increase in mouse lethality; significantly more potent hemolytic and cytosensing activities; as well as a cleanup in the capillary electropherogram and SDS gel profiles for the crude nematocyst venom preparations prepared by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), was observed relative to alternative methods. Because the hemolytic potency of pre-sorting nematocyst venom was minimal and the post-sorting counterpart was significantly positive, the possibility that algae inhibited the venom's toxinological activity was considered.

Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Chlorophyll; Cnidarian Venoms; Eukaryota; Flow Cytometry; Fluorescent Dyes; Hemolysis; Humans; Liver; Plant Extracts; Scyphozoa; Symbiosis

In a previous paper, we reported that an extract of silkworm faeces has a marked antiviral activity on enveloped viruses, but not on a non-enveloped virus, and we showed that it inhibits the synthesis of a viral specific gene of HVJ (Sendai virus) without affecting the viral adsorption and entry into the host cell. In this paper, we accomplished the purification of an antiviral active substance by extraction of a hydrophobic substance and thin layer chromatography. The active substance was found to be a chlorophyll-like substance with a molecular mass of about 530. This substance shows clear antiviral activity against HVJ, HSV (herpes simplex virus type-1), and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus type-1). Its antiviral activity was dependent on light irradiation and temperature. Furthermore, it also possesses a strong hemolytic activity under light.

Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Bombyx; Cell Line; Chlorophyll; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Culture Media, Serum-Free; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Feces; Glycoproteins; Hemolysis; Herpesvirus 1, Human; HIV-1; Light; Respirovirus; Temperature; Virus Replication

Blood transfusions can transmit parasitic infections, such as those caused by Plasmodium (malaria), Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas' disease), and Babesia (babesiosis). A higher degree of blood transfusion safety would be reached if methods were available for inactivating such parasites.. We evaluated the effectiveness of photosensitization using lipophilic pheophorbide and red light illumination to eradicate red blood cells infected with Plasmodium falciparum, and with Babesia divergens, in whole blood. Fluorescence microscopy and conventional fluorometry showed the specific accumulation of pheophorbide derivatives in the RBC infected with either parasite, compared with uninfected RBC. The effectiveness of different derivatives in eradicating infected RBC was first estimated in parasite cultures.. The best photosensitizer was the N-(4-butanol) pheophorbide derivative (Ph4-OH) at 0.2 microM concentration and 5-min illumination. In whole blood, the eradication of RBC infected with B. divergens and P. falciparum was obtained with 2 microM Ph4-OH and 10 and 20 min illumination, respectively. Under these conditions of photosensitization, low levels of RBC hemolysis were noted even after 2 weeks of storage at 4 degrees C and a subsequent 48-hour incubation at 37 degrees C. No reduction of negative charges on treated RBC was noted and no increase in methemoglobin content.. In plasma, Ph4-OH is mainly transported by high-density lipoproteins (HDL). This high affinity for HDL may explain the selective accumulation of lipophilic pheophorbide derivatives in the intracellular parasites. Photosensitization with pheophorbide derivatives may be a promising approach to inactivation of transfusion-transmissible parasites and viruses in blood bank units.

Topics: Animals; Babesia; Babesiosis; Blood Preservation; Chlorophyll; Erythrocytes; Hemolysis; Humans; Light; Lipoproteins, HDL; Malaria, Falciparum; Photochemistry; Photosensitizing Agents; Plasmodium falciparum; Transfusion Reaction

Topics: Animals; Chlorophyll; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Erythrocytes; Goats; Hemolysis; In Vitro Techniques; Photolysis; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents

Effect of sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC) on experimental allergic reaction was investigated. IgE antibody mediated reactions, homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats and the release of anaphylactic mediators (histamine and/or slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A] from sensitized guinea pig lung tissues or rat peritoneal mast cells classified as a Type I reaction were clearly inhibited by SCC at a similar potency as N-(3',4'-dimethoxy cinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (N-5'). The increase of vascular permeability in rat skin caused by autacoids or enzymes that participate in the Type I reaction was also inhibited by SCC. Type II or III, complement dependent, reactions including reversed cutaneous anaphylaxis (RCA) in rats and Forssman cutaneous vasculitis (FCV) in guinea pigs were inhibited by SCC. Prednisolone inhibited RCA in rats, but did not inhibit FCV in guinea pigs. Two experimental types of glomerulonephritis, nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis in rats and immune complex nephritis in (NZW X NZB) F1 mice, in which Type II and III reactions might participate in the onset and the development of the disease, were slightly inhibited by SCC in terms of the biochemical changes of blood and urine parameters and histopathological scores. A moderate remission of the onset and development of these two experimental types of nephritis was recognized by the administration of prednisolone. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction as a Type IV reaction caused by sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in sensitized mouse footpad was not affected by SCC. Prednisolone clearly inhibited the SRBC induced footpad reaction in mice. IgM antibody production in mice and IgE antibody production in rats were not influenced by daily injection of SCC.

Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Capillary Permeability; Chlorophyll; Chlorophyllides; Guinea Pigs; Hemolysis; Histamine Release; Hypersensitivity; Immunoglobulin M; Male; Mice; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis; Prednisolone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; SRS-A; Superoxides

The preventive effects of L-ascorbic acid (V.C) and pantothenic acid (PaA) against photosensitized hemolysis in the presence of pheophorbide a or hematoporphyrin were investigated in vitro. The development of hematoporphyrin-induced photosensitivity and the preventive effects of V.C and PaA were also investigated in male mice. V.C and PaA exerted preventive effects against photosensitized hemolysis in the presence of pheophorbide a or hematoporphyrin. In such cases, V.C and PaA had not only an additive effect but also a synergistic one. The time required for the photosensitized acute shock-like death (i.e., survival time), was significantly extended by simultaneous administration of V.C and PaA. This supports the findings of in vitro experiments.

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Chlorophyll; Drug Synergism; Hematoporphyrins; Hemolysis; Light; Male; Mice; Pantothenic Acid; Photosensitivity Disorders; Rats

Topics: Blood Preservation; Chlorophyll; Copper; Hemolysis; Humans

Topics: Animals; Chlorophyll; Depression, Chemical; Erythrocytes; Hemolysis; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Membranes; Sheep

Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Bordetella; Chlorophyll; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Complement System Proteins; Copper; Freund's Adjuvant; Hemagglutination Tests; Hemolysis; Immunodiffusion; Immunoelectrophoresis; Immunoglobulin E; Male; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis; Rats

Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Chlorophyll; Complement System Proteins; Copper; Depression, Chemical; Dicarboxylic Acids; Erythrocytes; Guinea Pigs; Hemolysis; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Sheep; Stimulation, Chemical

Topics: Chlorophyll; Hemolysis; Humans; Staphylococcus

Topics: Chlorophyll; Hemolysis; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn