chlorophyll-a and Carcinoma--Non-Small-Cell-Lung

Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis is associated with more pain and restrictions than other hand osteoarthritis due to the functional importance of the thumb. While the effectiveness of surgical and pharmacological interventions has been widely examined, there is a lack of specific evidence about conservative non-pharmacological trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis therapies. The objective of this systematic review was to provide evidence-based knowledge on the effectiveness of physiotherapy and occupational therapy on pain, function and quality of life.. A literature search of Medline, CINAHL, PEDro, OTseeker, EMB Dare Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane CENTRAL was performed. Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials and corresponding systematic reviews, observational studies, pragmatic studies and case-control studies were included. The risk of bias was assessed.. Physical and occupational therapy-related interventions, especially multimodal interventions, seem to be effective to treat pain in patients with trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis. Pre-fabricated neoprene splints and custom-made thermoplastic splints may reduce pain equally. Single interventions seem not to be effective. Significant evidence for effectiveness on function and quality of life could not be found.. The sole Na. The SUV. Genetic variants of

Topics: AC133 Antigen; Acenaphthenes; Acer; Acrosome Reaction; Adult; Agaricales; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Animals, Zoo; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anticoagulants; Antifungal Agents; Antimanic Agents; Antioxidants; Aortic Valve; Area Under Curve; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; Bacillus; Bacterial Toxins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Beauveria; Binge Drinking; Biomarkers; Bipolar Disorder; Blood Coagulation; Blotting, Western; Brachytherapy; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cell Wall; Cells, Cultured; Ceramics; Chi-Square Distribution; China; Chlorophyll; Chlorophyta; Chloroplasts; Cholesterol, HDL; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromobacterium; Clostridium perfringens; Clozapine; Constriction, Pathologic; Coronary Artery Bypass; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; Dental Porcelain; Dental Restoration Failure; Dental Stress Analysis; Designer Drugs; Diaminopimelic Acid; DNA Fingerprinting; DNA, Bacterial; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Drug Dosage Calculations; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Elasticity Imaging Techniques; Epsilonproteobacteria; Equipment Design; Ericaceae; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; False Negative Reactions; Fatty Acids; Female; Food Analysis; Fresh Water; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glutathione; Graft Occlusion, Vascular; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Heart Ventricles; HEK293 Cells; Hemolymph; Humans; Hyaluronan Receptors; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrothermal Vents; Indoles; Inflammation Mediators; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Insecta; International Normalized Ratio; Isotope Labeling; Itraconazole; Kidney; Kinetics; Kruppel-Like Factor 4; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; Lamotrigine; Lanthanoid Series Elements; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Logistic Models; Lung Neoplasms; Lymph Node Excision; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mediastinum; Metronidazole; Mice; Mice, Nude; Mice, Transgenic; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins; Multivariate Analysis; Myocytes, Cardiac; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Neural Pathways; Nitrates; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Octamer Transcription Factor-3; Odds Ratio; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Peptidoglycan; Phantoms, Imaging; Pharmacogenetics; Pharmacogenomic Variants; Phenotype; Phospholipids; Photolysis; Photosynthesis; Phylogeny; Plant Extracts; Polychaeta; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Predictive Value of Tests; Preoperative Care; Prostatic Neoplasms; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pyrimidines; Pyrroles; Quorum Sensing; Radiology, Interventional; Radiopharmaceuticals; Radiotherapy Dosage; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Reference Values; Regression Analysis; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rhizosphere; Risk Factors; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; ROC Curve; Rutin; Saphenous Vein; Seawater; Selenium; Semen Preservation; Sensitivity and Specificity; Septal Nuclei; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Serum Albumin; Serum Albumin, Human; Shear Strength; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; Soil Microbiology; SOXB1 Transcription Factors; Spain; Species Specificity; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa; Spheroids, Cellular; Spores, Fungal; Stroke; Superoxide Dismutase; Swine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Technetium Compounds; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; Temperature; Thiosulfates; Thrombosis; Thyroid Neoplasms; Transducers; Transfection; Transplantation, Heterologous; Treatment Outcome; Triazines; Tumor Burden; Urocortins; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vacuoles; Valproic Acid; Ventral Tegmental Area; Vitamin K 2; Vitamin K Epoxide Reductases; Warfarin; Water Microbiology; Young Adult

We report a phase I trial of photodynamic therapy (PDT) of carcinoma in situ (CIS) and microinvasive cancer (MIC) of the central airways with the photosensitizer (PS) 2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH). HPPH has the advantage of minimal general phototoxicity over the commonly used photosensitizer porfimer sodium (Photofrin; Pinnacle Biologics, Chicago, IL).. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the maximally tolerated light dose at a fixed photosensitizer dose and (2) to gain initial insight into the effectiveness of this treatment approach. Seventeen patients with 21 CIS/MIC lesions were treated with HPPH with light dose escalation starting from 75 J/cm2 and increasing to 85, 95,125, and 150 J/cm2 respectively. Follow-up bronchoscopy for response assessment was performed at 1 and 6 months, respectively.. The rate of pathological complete response (CR) was 82.4% (14 of 17 evaluable lesions; 14 patients) at 1 month and 72.7% (8/11 evaluable lesions; 8 patients) at 6 months. Only four patients developed mild skin erythema. One of the three patients in the 150 J/cm2 light dose group experienced a serious adverse event. This patient had respiratory distress caused by mucus plugging, which precipitated cardiac ischemia. Two additional patients treated subsequently at this light dose had no adverse events. The sixth patient in this dose group was not recruited and the study was terminated because of delays in HPPH supply. However, given the observed serious adverse event, it is recommended that the light dose does not exceed 125 J/cm2.. PDT with HPPH can be safely used for the treatment of CIS/MIC of the airways, with potential effectiveness comparable to that reported for porfimer sodium in earlier studies.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Chlorophyll; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents

This study determined in primary cultures of human lung cancer cells the cell specificity of chlorin-based photosensitizers. Epithelial cells (ECs) preferentially retained 3-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinylpyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) and related structural variants. Tumor-associated fibroblasts (Fb) differ from EC by a higher efflux rate of HPPH. Immunoblot analyses indicated dimerization of STAT3 as a reliable biomarker of the photoreaction. Compared to mitochondria/ER-localized photoreaction by HPPH, the photoreaction by lysosomally targeted HPPH-lactose showed a trend toward lower STAT3 cross-linking. Lethal consequence of the photoreaction differed between EC and Fb with the latter cells being more resistant. A survey of lung tumor cases indicated a large quantitative range by which EC retains HPPH. The specificity of HPPH retention defined in vitro could be confirmed in vivo in selected cases grown as xenografts. HPPH retention as a function of the tetrapyrrole structure was evaluated by altering side groups on the porphyrin macrocycle. The presence or absence of a carboxylic acid at position 17

Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Chlorophyll; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mice; Mice, SCID; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

There is a need to develop novel therapies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Photodynamic therapy has been used successfully for endobronchial palliation of NSCLC, and its role in early stages of disease is being explored. We hypothesized that a novel photosensitizer, PS1, would be more effective than the standard agent, porfimer sodium (Photofrin or PFII), in treating human lung cancer xenografts in mice.. Patient-derived NSCLC xenografts were established subcutaneously in severe combined immune deficiency mice. Two groups of five mice were injected with PS1 (3-[1'-m-iodobenzyloxy]ethyl-3-devinylpyropheophorbide-a), a chlorophyll-a derivative, or PFII (a purified version of hematoporphyrin derivative) and then treated with nonthermal laser light. Four mice were treated with laser light without photosensitizer and six mice received no treatment at all. All mice were then observed for tumor growth. The tumor growth end point, time-to-1000 mm(3), was evaluated using standard Kaplan-Meier methods and the log-rank test. Tumor hematoxylin and eosin and caspase 3 staining was done to evaluate necrosis and apoptosis.. The median time-to-1000 mm(3) was 12, 12, 26, and 52 d for the control, light only, PFII, and PS1 groups. There was a significant association between the tumor growth end point and treatment (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed <1%, 0%, 67%, and 80% necrosis, and caspase 3 positivity was 2%, <1%, 17%, and 39%, respectively, in the same four groups.. The mice treated with PS1 exhibited a longer time for tumor regrowth and showed more tumor necrosis and apoptosis compared with the other treatment groups. Thus, the novel photosensitizer, PS1, was demonstrated to be more effective than porfimer sodium in this preclinical pilot study.

Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Chlorophyll; Dihematoporphyrin Ether; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Lung Neoplasms; Mice; Mice, SCID; Neoplasm Transplantation; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Pilot Projects; Transplantation, Heterologous; Treatment Outcome

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of the thoracic cavity can be performed in conjunction with surgery to treat cancers of the lung and its pleura. However, illumination of the cavity results in tissue exposure to a broad range of fluence rates. In a murine model of intrathoracic PDT, we studied the efficacy of 2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH; Photochlor(®))-mediated PDT in reducing the burden of non-small cell lung cancer for treatments performed at different incident fluence rates (75 versus 150 mW/cm). To better understand a role for growth factor signaling in disease progression after intrathoracic PDT, the expression and activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was evaluated in areas of post-treatment proliferation. The low fluence rate of 75 mW/cm produced the largest reductions in tumor burden. Bioluminescent imaging and histological staining for cell proliferation (anti-Ki-67) identified areas of disease progression at both fluence rates after PDT. However, increased EGFR activation in proliferative areas was detected only after treatment at the higher fluence rate of 150 mW/cm. These data suggest that fluence rate may affect the activation of survival factors, such as EGFR, and weaker activation at lower fluence rate could contribute to a smaller tumor burden after PDT at 75 mW/cm.

Topics: Animals; Autoantigens; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cell Line, Tumor; Chlorophyll; ErbB Receptors; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mice; Photochemotherapy; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of thoracic malignancies involving the pleural surfaces is an active area of clinical investigation. The present report aims to characterize a model for PDT of disseminated non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) grown orthotopically in nude mice, and to evaluate the effect of PDT on tumor and normal tissues.. H460 human NSCLC cells were injected percutaneously into the thoracic cavity of nude mice. HPPH-PDT (1 mg/kg, 24 hours) was performed via the interstitial delivery (150 mW/cm) of 661 nm light to the thoracic cavity at fluences of 25-200 J/cm.. H460 tumors exhibited exponential growth within the thoracic cavity consisting of diffuse, gross nodular disease within 9 days after intrathoracic injection. Tumor volume, measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), was highly correlated with the aggregate tumor mass extracted from the corresponding animal. Intrathoracic PDT at fluences of ≥50 J/cm produced significant decreases in tumor burden as compared to untreated controls, however, mortality increased with rising fluence. Accordingly, 50 J/cm was selected for MRI studies to measure intra-animal PDT effects. Tumor distribution favored the ventral (vs. dorsal), caudal (vs. cranial), and right (vs. left) sides of the thoracic cavity by MRI; PDT did not change this spatial pattern despite an overall effect on tumor burden. Histopathology revealed edema and fibrin deposition within the pulmonary interstitium and alveoli of the PDT-treated thoracic cavity, as well as occasional evidence of vascular disruption. Prominent neutrophil infiltration with a concomitant decline in the lymphocyte compartment was also noted in the lung parenchyma within 24 hours after PDT.. HPPH-PDT of an orthotopic model of disseminated NSCLC is both feasible and effective using intracavitary light delivery. We establish this animal model, together with the treatment and monitoring approaches, as novel and valuable methods for the pre-clinical investigation of intrathoracic PDT of disseminated pleural malignancies.

Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cell Line, Tumor; Chlorophyll; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mice; Mice, Nude; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Tumor Burden