chlorine and Heart Failure studies

chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.

Heart Failure: A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"In a randomized, single-blind, crossover clinical trial, the diuretic efficacy of the same total dose of furosemide (2 x 40 mg) administered in either conventional intravenous bolus injection or continuous infusion was studied in 20 patients (nine males and 11 females), aged 37-75 years, with congestive heart failure."	9.08	Diuretic effects of furosemide infusion versus bolus injection in congestive heart failure. ( Bagatin, J; Capkun, V; Ljutić, D; Naranca, M; Pivac, N; Polić, S; Rumboldt, Z; Sardelić, S, 1998)
"In a double-blind dose-response study, 49 patients with New York Heart Association functional class III or IV heart failure were randomized to receive a single intravenous dose of 5, 10, or 20 mg torsemide or 40 mg furosemide."	9.07	Dose-response study of intravenous torsemide in congestive heart failure. ( Bremner, S; Hariman, RJ; Jones, JP; Kostis, JB; Louie, EK; Nocero, MA; Rogers, WJ, 1994)
"The effects of ibopamine and furosemide on renal function given alone and in combination at single doses were studied in 6 men and 6 women aged 45 to 73 years with chronic congestive heart failure of NYHA class II."	9.06	Effects of ibopamine in combination with furosemide on renal function in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. ( Carini, L; Castini, D; Mazzola, C; Moreo, A; Salvadeo, A; Segagni, S; Segalini, G; Villa, G; Vitolo, E, 1988)
"The objective of this investigation was to study the effects of the two NSAIDs sulindac and naproxen on renal hemodynamics and excretion of water, salt and the prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in patients with well controlled congestive heart failure."	9.06	A double blind comparison of naproxen and sulindac in female patients with heart failure. ( Beermann, B; Eriksson, LO; Kallner, M, 1986)
"We compared the long-term effects of captopril and placebo on patients with heart failure in a double blind crossover fashion."	9.05	Total body and serum electrolyte composition in heart failure: the effects of captopril. ( Ball, SG; Cleland, JG; Dargie, HJ; East, BW; Gillen, G; Hodsman, GP; Morton, JJ; Robertson, I; Robertson, JI, 1985)
"We investigated the effects of tolvaptan, a vasopressin V(2)-receptor antagonist, on diuretic response and systemic and renal hemodynamic characteristics in conscious dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF)."	7.77	Effects of tolvaptan on systemic and renal hemodynamic function in dogs with congestive heart failure. ( Fujiki, H; Nakamura, S; Nakayama, S; Onogawa, T; Sakamoto, Y; Yamamura, Y, 2011)
"The effect of hydroflumethiazide (HFT) on renal excretion of sodium, chloride, and potassium was studied in congestive heart failure and related to urinary excretion of thiazide and aldosterone."	7.66	Effects of hydroflumethiazide in congestive heart failure: renal electrolyte excretion related to urinary thiazide excretion and aldosterone. ( Aakvaag, A; Brørs, O; Enger, E; Foss, OP; Jacobsen, S, 1981)
" This report describes 74 patients who had severe congestive heart failure treated with a combination of furosemide and spironolactone in whom this complication developed."	7.66	Treatment of refractory congestive heart failure and normokalemic hypochloremic alkalosis with acetazolamide and spironolactone. ( Khan, MI, 1980)
"Triamterene therapy was evaluated in 35 patients with congestive heart failure over a period of two and one-half years."	7.64	CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH A NEW DIURETIC, TRIAMTERENE, IN CONJESTIVE HEART FAILURE. ( LAUFER, ST; MAHABIR, RN, 1964)
"Despite frequent arrhythmia and sudden death in heart failure, attempts to study arrhythmia mechanisms in patients are difficult."	5.31	Spontaneous, electrically, and cesium chloride induced arrhythmia and afterdepolarizations in the rapidly paced dog heart. ( Jones, DL; Li, HG; Petrie, JP, 2001)
"Two heart failure cohorts were included: (1) observational: patients receiving loop diuretics at the Yale Transitional Care Center (N=162) and (2) interventional pilot: stable outpatients receiving ≥80 mg furosemide equivalents were studied before and after 3 days of 115 mmol/d supplemental lysine chloride (N=10)."	5.22	Hypochloremia and Diuretic Resistance in Heart Failure: Mechanistic Insights. ( Ahmad, T; Assefa, M; Bellumkonda, L; Brisco, MA; Grodin, JL; Hanberg, JS; Laur, O; Parikh, CR; Perry Wilson, F; Planavsky, NJ; Rao, V; Samuel Broughton, J; Tang, WH; Ter Maaten, JM; Testani, JM, 2016)
"In a randomized, single-blind, crossover clinical trial, the diuretic efficacy of the same total dose of furosemide (2 x 40 mg) administered in either conventional intravenous bolus injection or continuous infusion was studied in 20 patients (nine males and 11 females), aged 37-75 years, with congestive heart failure."	5.08	Diuretic effects of furosemide infusion versus bolus injection in congestive heart failure. ( Bagatin, J; Capkun, V; Ljutić, D; Naranca, M; Pivac, N; Polić, S; Rumboldt, Z; Sardelić, S, 1998)
"In a double-blind dose-response study, 49 patients with New York Heart Association functional class III or IV heart failure were randomized to receive a single intravenous dose of 5, 10, or 20 mg torsemide or 40 mg furosemide."	5.07	Dose-response study of intravenous torsemide in congestive heart failure. ( Bremner, S; Hariman, RJ; Jones, JP; Kostis, JB; Louie, EK; Nocero, MA; Rogers, WJ, 1994)
"The effects of ibopamine and furosemide on renal function given alone and in combination at single doses were studied in 6 men and 6 women aged 45 to 73 years with chronic congestive heart failure of NYHA class II."	5.06	Effects of ibopamine in combination with furosemide on renal function in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. ( Carini, L; Castini, D; Mazzola, C; Moreo, A; Salvadeo, A; Segagni, S; Segalini, G; Villa, G; Vitolo, E, 1988)
"The objective of this investigation was to study the effects of the two NSAIDs sulindac and naproxen on renal hemodynamics and excretion of water, salt and the prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in patients with well controlled congestive heart failure."	5.06	A double blind comparison of naproxen and sulindac in female patients with heart failure. ( Beermann, B; Eriksson, LO; Kallner, M, 1986)
"We compared the long-term effects of captopril and placebo on patients with heart failure in a double blind crossover fashion."	5.05	Total body and serum electrolyte composition in heart failure: the effects of captopril. ( Ball, SG; Cleland, JG; Dargie, HJ; East, BW; Gillen, G; Hodsman, GP; Morton, JJ; Robertson, I; Robertson, JI, 1985)
"We investigated the effects of tolvaptan, a vasopressin V(2)-receptor antagonist, on diuretic response and systemic and renal hemodynamic characteristics in conscious dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF)."	3.77	Effects of tolvaptan on systemic and renal hemodynamic function in dogs with congestive heart failure. ( Fujiki, H; Nakamura, S; Nakayama, S; Onogawa, T; Sakamoto, Y; Yamamura, Y, 2011)
" Patients treated for congestive heart failure with a combination of digoxin and diuretics demonstrated a higher concentration of sodium and chloride in their sweat fluid when compared to age-matched controls."	3.67	Influence of digoxin and diuretic therapy on sweat fluid composition. ( Aladjem, M; Benzon, L; Mor, A, 1985)
"The effect of hydroflumethiazide (HFT) on renal excretion of sodium, chloride, and potassium was studied in congestive heart failure and related to urinary excretion of thiazide and aldosterone."	3.66	Effects of hydroflumethiazide in congestive heart failure: renal electrolyte excretion related to urinary thiazide excretion and aldosterone. ( Aakvaag, A; Brørs, O; Enger, E; Foss, OP; Jacobsen, S, 1981)
" This report describes 74 patients who had severe congestive heart failure treated with a combination of furosemide and spironolactone in whom this complication developed."	3.66	Treatment of refractory congestive heart failure and normokalemic hypochloremic alkalosis with acetazolamide and spironolactone. ( Khan, MI, 1980)
"Triamterene therapy was evaluated in 35 patients with congestive heart failure over a period of two and one-half years."	3.64	CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH A NEW DIURETIC, TRIAMTERENE, IN CONJESTIVE HEART FAILURE. ( LAUFER, ST; MAHABIR, RN, 1964)
"Spironolactone was not (P = 0."	2.87	Perturbations in serum chloride homeostasis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights from TOPCAT. ( Drazner, MH; Fang, JC; Grodin, JL; Pandey, A; Sambandam, K; Tang, WHW; Testani, JM, 2018)
" On the fourth day of once-daily dosing with hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg, 24-hour natriuresis and chloriuresis are no longer augmented, but the elevation in 24-hour kaliuresis that follows the first dose remains unchanged."	2.38	Renal excretory responses to single and repeated administration of diuretics in healthy subjects: clinical connotations. ( Leary, WP; Reyes, AJ, 1993)
"Despite frequent arrhythmia and sudden death in heart failure, attempts to study arrhythmia mechanisms in patients are difficult."	1.31	Spontaneous, electrically, and cesium chloride induced arrhythmia and afterdepolarizations in the rapidly paced dog heart. ( Jones, DL; Li, HG; Petrie, JP, 2001)
"The effects of congestive heart failure on the physiological and biochemical functions of the cardiac beta-adrenoceptor-coupled adenylate cyclase system were studied in dogs with right heart failure produced by progressive pulmonary artery constriction and tricuspid avulsion."	1.27	Alterations in cardiac beta-adrenoceptor responsiveness and adenylate cyclase system by congestive heart failure in dogs. ( Banerjee, SP; Fan, TH; Kawashima, S; Liang, CS, 1987)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	112 (68.29)	18.7374
1990's	7 (4.27)	18.2507
2000's	1 (0.61)	29.6817
2010's	27 (16.46)	24.3611
2020's	17 (10.37)	2.80

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of the Effects of KW-3902 Injectable Emulsion on Heart Failure Signs and Symptoms and Renal Function in Subjects With Acute Heart Failure Syndrome and Renal Impairment Who Are Hospitalized [NCT00354458]	Phase 3	1,102 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-10-31	Completed
"Prospective Pre-post Pilot Study on the Effects of Dietary Chloride Supplementation on Neurohormonal and Diuretic Function in Patients With Heart Failure"[NCT02031354]		11 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Article	Year
Chloride in Heart Failure: The Neglected Electrolyte. JACC. Heart failure, 2021, Volume: 9, Issue:12 Topics: Chlorides; Diuretics; Electrolytes; Heart Failure; Humans; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance	2021
Chloride and Cardiorenal Interactions in Heart Failure. Nephron, 2023, Volume: 147, Issue:1 Topics: Chlorides; Diuretics; Heart Failure; Humans; Risk Factors; Sodium	2023
U-Shaped Relationship of Sodium-to-chloride Ratio on admission and Mortality in Elderly Patients with Heart Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Current problems in cardiology, 2023, Volume: 48, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Chlorides; Cohort Studies; Heart Failure; Humans; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Risk Facto	2023
Prognostic impact of serum chloride concentrations in acute heart failure patients: A systematic Rreview and meta-analysis. The American journal of emergency medicine, 2023, Volume: 71 Topics: Acute Disease; Chlorides; Heart Failure; Hospitalization; Humans; Prognosis	2023
Critical Analysis of the Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Renal Tubular Sodium, Water and Chloride Homeostasis and Their Role in Influencing Heart Failure Outcomes. Circulation, 2023, 07-25, Volume: 148, Issue:4 Topics: Chlorides; Diuretics; Glucose; Heart Failure; Homeostasis; Humans; Sodium; Sodium-Glucose Transporte	2023
Emergence of Chloride as an Overlooked Cardiorenal Connector in Heart Failure. Blood purification, 2020, Volume: 49, Issue:1-2 Topics: Cardio-Renal Syndrome; Chlorides; Heart Failure; Humans; Sodium	2020
The dynamic relationship between serum chloride and cardiorenal syndrome. Reviews in cardiovascular medicine, 2020, Mar-30, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cardio-Renal Syndrome; Chlorides; Diuretics; Down-Regulation; Heart Failure; Hu	2020
The Role of Serum Chloride in Acute and Chronic Heart Failure: A Narrative Review. Cardiorenal medicine, 2021, Volume: 11, Issue:2 Topics: Chlorides; Diuretics; Heart Failure; Humans; Sodium; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance	2021
Pharmacologic Approaches to Electrolyte Abnormalities in Heart Failure. Current heart failure reports, 2016, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Acetazolamide; Acid-Base Equilibrium; Chlorides; Diuretics; Electrolytes; Heart Failure; Humans; Pol	2016
CHRONIC CARDIAC DECOMPENSATION. Biochemical clinics, 1963, Volume: 2 Topics: Aldosterone; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Proteins; Body Fluids; Capillary Permeability; Carbon Di	1963
Cellular mechanisms of diuretic action along the nephron. Hospital practice (Office ed.), 1984, Volume: 19, Issue:9 Topics: Benzothiadiazines; Bicarbonates; Body Water; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Cell Membrane; Chlorides	1984
Renal excretory responses to single and repeated administration of diuretics in healthy subjects: clinical connotations. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 1993, Volume: 7 Suppl 1 Topics: Calcium; Chlorides; Diuretics; Heart Failure; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Hypertension; Natriuresis	1993
Hyponatraemia and sick cells. British journal of anaesthesia, 1973, Volume: 45, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Body Fluids; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chlorides; Dogs; Extracellular Space; Heart Failur	1973
[Ion metabolism of the healthy and insufficient heart]. Medizinische Klinik, 1969, May-02, Volume: 64, Issue:18 Topics: Action Potentials; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Calcium; Cardiac Glycosides; Cell Membrane; C	1969
[Depletion therapy of chronic congestive heart failure]. Revista espanola de cardiologia, 1968, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Bloodletting; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Chlorides; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Digitalis Glycoside	1968
Ethacrynic acid and furosemide. Diuretic and hemodynamic effects and clinical uses. The American journal of cardiology, 1971, Volume: 27, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Anuria; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Central Venous Pressure; Chlorides; Diuresis; Dogs;	1971

Article	Year
Perturbations in serum chloride homeostasis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights from TOPCAT. European journal of heart failure, 2018, Volume: 20, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Cause of Death; Chlorides; Female; Heart Failure; Heart Ventric	2018
Safety and tolerability of serelaxin, a recombinant human relaxin-2 in development for the treatment of acute heart failure, in healthy Japanese volunteers and a comparison of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy Japanese and Caucasian populat Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2015, Volume: 55, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Asian People; Chlorides; Creatinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-	2015
Hypochloremia, Diuretic Resistance, and Outcome in Patients With Acute Heart Failure. Circulation. Heart failure, 2016, Volume: 9, Issue:8 Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Chlorides; Disease Progression; Diuretics; Down-	2016
Hypochloremia and Diuretic Resistance in Heart Failure: Mechanistic Insights. Circulation. Heart failure, 2016, Volume: 9, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Chlorides; Connecticut; Cross-Sectional Studies; Down-Regulatio	2016
Implications of Serum Chloride Homeostasis in Acute Heart Failure (from ROSE-AHF). The American journal of cardiology, 2017, Jan-01, Volume: 119, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Chlorides; Diuretics; Female; Heart Failure; Homeostasis; Hospi	2017
Dose-response study of intravenous torsemide in congestive heart failure. American heart journal, 1994, Volume: 128, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Chlorides; Diuretics; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fu	1994
Diuretic effects of furosemide infusion versus bolus injection in congestive heart failure. International journal of clinical pharmacology research, 1998, Volume: 18, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Chlorides; Colorimetry; Cross-Over Studies; Diuretics; Female; Fu	1998
The supra-additive natriuretic effect addition of bendroflumethiazide and bumetanide in congestive heart failure. Permutation trial tests in patients in long-term treatment with bumetanide. American heart journal, 1975, Volume: 89, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Bendroflumethiazide; Benzoates; Butylamines; Chlorides; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coronary Di	1975
Effects of ibopamine in combination with furosemide on renal function in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology, 1988, Volume: 26, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Chlorides; Creatinine; Deoxyepinephrine; Dopamine; Drug Therapy, Combination; E	1988
A double blind comparison of naproxen and sulindac in female patients with heart failure. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology. Supplement, 1986, Volume: 62 Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Aged; Chlorides; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diuresis; Double-Blind Meth	1986
Total body and serum electrolyte composition in heart failure: the effects of captopril. European heart journal, 1985, Volume: 6, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Calcium; Captopril; Chlorides; Creatinine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heart Failure; Hormone	1985
[Effect of amiloride on potassium loss induced by hydrochlorothiazide]. La Nouvelle presse medicale, 1974, Sep-21, Volume: 3, Issue:31 Topics: Amiloride; Chlorides; Diuresis; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Heart Failure;	1974
Clinical trial of a new diuretic--metindamide. South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 1974, Mar-16, Volume: 48, Issue:13 Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzamides; Blood Pressure; Chlorides; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression, Chemical;	1974
[MK 87O. A new potassium-retaining diuretic]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1968, Jan-11, Volume: 130, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Anuria; Chlorides; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diuretics; Drug Synergism; Ethacrynic Acid; Femal	1968
A controlled clinical trial comparing the diuretic ethacrynic acid and furosemide in patients with congestive heart failure. The Indian journal of medical research, 1969, Volume: 57, Issue:4 Topics: Chlorides; Clinical Trials as Topic; Ethacrynic Acid; Furosemide; Heart Failure; Humans; Photometry;	1969
High doses of spironolactone (Aldactone, SC-14266, Verospirone) alone and in combination with triamterene and-or diuretics in the treatment of refractory edema associated with secondary hyperaldosteronism. Endokrinologie, 1970, Volume: 57, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Weight; Chlorides; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clopamide; Creatinine; Diet, Sodium-R	1970
[Course of diuresis in heart failure during ethacrynic acid and amiloride therapy]. Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift (1950), 1971, Dec-03, Volume: 113, Issue:49 Topics: Chlorides; Diuresis; Diuretics; Ethacrynic Acid; Heart Failure; Humans; Hyperkalemia; Natriuresis; P	1971

Article	Year
Usefulness of Incorporating Hypochloremia into the Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure Risk Model in Patients With Acute Heart Failure. The American journal of cardiology, 2022, 01-01, Volume: 162 Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chlorides; Female; Heart Failure; Hospital Mortality; Humans	2022
Prognostic significance of serum chloride level in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction. ESC heart failure, 2022, Volume: 9, Issue:2 Topics: Chlorides; Heart Failure; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Stroke Volume	2022
Mechanistic insights into chloride-related heart failure progression according to the plasma volume status. ESC heart failure, 2022, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Topics: Body Weight; Chlorides; Female; Heart Failure; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Plasma Volume	2022
Relation of Low Chloride Concentration to Diuretic Efficiency and Transplant-Free Survival in Children Hospitalized With Heart Failure. The American journal of cardiology, 2022, 12-01, Volume: 184 Topics: Child; Chlorides; Diuretics; Heart Failure; Hospitalization; Humans; Sodium; Sodium Potassium Chlori	2022
Estimation of Plasma Renin Activity on the Basis of Serum and Urinary Chloride Concentrations versus Sodium Concentrations. Cardiorenal medicine, 2022, Volume: 12, Issue:5-6 Topics: Chlorides; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Male; Renin; Renin-Angiotensin System; Sodium	2022
Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor exerts prognostic effects in HFpEF patients with low baseline chloride level. International journal of cardiology, 2023, 02-15, Volume: 373 Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Chlorides; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hea	2023
Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor exerts prognostic effects in HFpEF patients with low baseline chloride level. International journal of cardiology, 2023, 02-15, Volume: 373 Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Chlorides; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hea	2023
Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor exerts prognostic effects in HFpEF patients with low baseline chloride level. International journal of cardiology, 2023, 02-15, Volume: 373 Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Chlorides; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hea	2023
Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor exerts prognostic effects in HFpEF patients with low baseline chloride level. International journal of cardiology, 2023, 02-15, Volume: 373 Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Chlorides; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hea	2023
Trajectory of serum chloride levels during decongestive therapy in acute heart failure. International journal of cardiology, 2023, 03-15, Volume: 375 Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Chlorides; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Male;	2023
Prognostic significance of plasma chloride in elderly patients hospitalized for acute heart failure. ESC heart failure, 2023, Volume: 10, Issue:4 Topics: Chlorides; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Male; Phenotype; Prognosis; Stroke Volume	2023
CHOLESTEROL AND CHLORIDE IN ACUTE HEART FAILURE. Acta clinica Croatica, 2019, Volume: 58, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Chlorides; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Female; H	2019
Association of Visit-to-Visit Variability in Kidney Function and Serum Electrolyte Indexes With Risk of Adverse Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. JAMA cardiology, 2021, 01-01, Volume: 6, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Ambulatory Care; Biological Variation, Individual; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Cardiovascular Disease	2021
The "chloride theory", a unifying hypothesis for renal handling and body fluid distribution in heart failure pathophysiology. Medical hypotheses, 2017, Volume: 104 Topics: Blood Volume; Body Fluids; Chlorides; Electrolytes; Heart Failure; Hemodynamics; Humans; Kidney; Mod	2017
Proposal for heart failure progression based on the 'chloride theory': worsening heart failure with increased vs. non-increased serum chloride concentration. ESC heart failure, 2017, Volume: 4, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Chlorides; Creatinine; Disease Progression; Female; Foll	2017
Hemodynamic factors associated with serum chloride in ambulatory patients with advanced heart failure. International journal of cardiology, 2018, Feb-01, Volume: 252 Topics: Ambulatory Care; Biomarkers; Chlorides; Chronic Disease; Cohort Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies;	2018
Serial Change in Serum Chloride During Hospitalization Could Predict Heart Failure Death in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Patients. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society, 2018, 03-23, Volume: 82, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chlorides; Death; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Failure;	2018
Serum chloride as a novel marker for adding prognostic information of mortality in chronic heart failure. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 2018, Volume: 483 Topics: Biomarkers; Chlorides; Chronic Disease; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male;	2018
Low serum chloride in patients with chronic heart failure: clinical associations and prognostic significance. European journal of heart failure, 2018, Volume: 20, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Chlorides; Echocardiography; Female; Heart Failure; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Male	2018
Chloride, what else? European journal of heart failure, 2018, Volume: 20, Issue:10 Topics: Chlorides; Heart Failure; Homeostasis; Humans	2018
Biochemical Determinants of Changes in Plasma Volume After Decongestion Therapy for Worsening Heart Failure. Journal of cardiac failure, 2019, Volume: 25, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Chlorides; Creatinine; Disease Prog	2019
Acetazolamide as a potent chloride-regaining diuretic: short- and long-term effects, and its pharmacologic role under the 'chloride theory' for heart failure pathophysiology. Heart and vessels, 2019, Volume: 34, Issue:12 Topics: Acetazolamide; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Chlorides; Creatinine; Diur	2019
Chloride transport-driven alveolar fluid secretion is a major contributor to cardiogenic lung edema. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013, Jun-18, Volume: 110, Issue:25 Topics: Amiloride; Animals; Body Fluids; Chlorides; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; Diu	2013
The excretion of chlorides in patients with heart failure. The Quarterly journal of medicine, 1950, Volume: 19, Issue:75 Topics: Chlorides; Edema; Heart Failure; Humans; Sodium Chloride	1950
Urinary composition during decongestive treatment in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Circulation. Heart failure, 2014, Volume: 7, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Biomarkers; Bumetanide; Chlorides; Diuretics; Dose-Response Relationship	2014
Urine electrolyte composition and diuretic therapy in heart failure: back to the future? Circulation. Heart failure, 2014, Volume: 7, Issue:5 Topics: Chlorides; Diuretics; Female; Heart Failure; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Male; Sodium; Stroke Volume;	2014
Chloride Depletion Alkalosis as a Predictor of Inhospital Mortality in Patients with Decompensated Heart Failure. Cardiology, 2015, Volume: 131, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alkalosis; Chlorides; Female; Heart Failure; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Lo	2015
Prognostic Role of Serum Chloride Levels in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2015, Aug-11, Volume: 66, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Chlorides; Cohort Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Failure; Humans; Male;	2015
Importance of Abnormal Chloride Homeostasis in Stable Chronic Heart Failure. Circulation. Heart failure, 2016, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Chlorides; Chronic Disease; Coronary Angiography; Down-Regulation; Female; Heart F	2016
Hypochloraemia is strongly and independently associated with mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. European journal of heart failure, 2016, Volume: 18, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Chlorides; Chronic Disease; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hyponatremia; Linear Models; Male;	2016
Hypochloraemia as a predictor of developing hyponatraemia and poor outcome in acute heart failure patients. International journal of cardiology, 2016, Jun-01, Volume: 212 Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chlorides; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hyponatremia; Logi	2016
Serum Chloride and Sodium Interplay in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: An Analysis From the High-Risk Myocardial Infarction Database Initiative. Circulation. Heart failure, 2017, Volume: 10, Issue:2 Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Biomarkers; Chlorides; Comorbidity; Databases, Factual; Female; Heart Failure; Hu	2017
Saliva profiles in children using heart failure medication: a pilot study. European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, 2010, Volume: 11, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Bacterial Load; Buffers; Calcium; Cardiomyopat	2010
Barium chloride in the regeneration of the dog's heart following the stopping of the ventricles or ventricular fibrillation. Revue canadienne de biologie, 1946, Volume: 5, Issue:2 Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barium Compounds; Chlorides; Heart; Heart Failure	1946
Effects of tolvaptan on systemic and renal hemodynamic function in dogs with congestive heart failure. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2011, Volume: 25 Suppl 1 Topics: Animals; Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; Arginine Vasopressin; Atrial Natriuretic Factor;	2011
Studies on the excretion of chloride by man with and without congestive heart failure, using long-life radiochloride, Cl36. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 1954, Volume: 44, Issue:5 Topics: Biological Transport; Body Fluids; Chlorides; Heart Failure; Humans; Ions; Male	1954
Red blood cell electrolytes in congestive cardiac failure. Acta medica Scandinavica, 1958, Nov-10, Volume: 162, Issue:4 Topics: Chlorides; Electrolytes; Erythrocytes; Heart Failure; Humans; Potassium; Sodium; Sodium, Dietary	1958
Re-evaluation of the low salt syndrome. Maryland state medical journal, 1959, Volume: 8, Issue:3 Topics: Chlorides; Heart Failure; Hyponatremia; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Sodium, Dietary	1959
The low salt syndrome in congestive heart failure: the importance of dietary sodium restriction. The Illinois medical journal, 1959, Volume: 115, Issue:6 Topics: Chlorides; Heart Failure; Hyponatremia; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Chloride, Dietary; Sodium, D	1959
Evidence for the entry of chloride into cells in congestive cardiac failure. Clinical science, 1960, Volume: 19 Topics: Chlorides; Diploidy; Heart Failure; Ions	1960
[Content of sodium, potassium and chlorine in the blood plasma of patients with circulatory insufficiency]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 1962, Volume: 34 Topics: Chlorides; Chlorine; Heart Failure; Humans; Plasma; Potassium; Sodium	1962
Hypokalaemia, hypochloraemia, and baseosis in long-term treatment of oedematous heart failure with benzothiadiazine diuretics. III. Effect of spironolactone. Acta medica Scandinavica, 1962, Volume: 172 Topics: Acid-Base Imbalance; Alkalosis; Benzimidazoles; Chlorides; Edema; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypokalemia	1962
Electrolyte content of extracellular fluid in health and in congestive heart failure. British heart journal, 1963, Volume: 25 Topics: Chlorides; Electrolytes; Extracellular Fluid; Heart Failure; Potassium; Sodium; Sodium, Dietary	1963
Hypokalaemia, hypochloraemia, and baseosis in long-term treatment of oedematous heart failure with benzothiadiazine diuretics. I. Incidence and pathophysiology. Acta medica Scandinavica, 1962, Volume: 172 Topics: Acid-Base Imbalance; Alkalosis; Benzimidazoles; Chlorides; Edema; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypokalemia	1962
Hypokalaemia, hypochloraemia, and baseosis in long-term treatment of oedematous heart failure with benzothiadiazine diuretics. II. Prophylactic value of potassium chloride. Acta medica Scandinavica, 1962, Volume: 172 Topics: Acid-Base Imbalance; Alkalosis; Benzimidazoles; Chlorides; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypokalemia; Potas	1962
OBSERVATIONS ON TRIAMTERENE--A NEW DIURETIC. Australasian annals of medicine, 1963, Volume: 12 Topics: Chlorides; Chlorothiazide; Coronary Disease; Craniocerebral Trauma; Diuretics; Edema; Geriatrics; He	1963
EFFECT OF EXPERIMENTAL CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE AND ACETYL STROPHANTHIDIN ON MYOCARDIAL ELECTROLYTE AND WATER CONTENT. Circulation research, 1963, Volume: 13 Topics: Animals; Cardiac Glycosides; Chlorides; Digitalis Glycosides; Dogs; Electrolytes; Factor Analysis, S	1963
[GUSTATORY ACUITY FOR SALTY FLAVOR AND SALIVARY ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATION]. Rassegna di neurologia vegetativa, 1963, Feb-28, Volume: 17 Topics: Addison Disease; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Chlorides; Cushing Syndrome; Flavoring Agents; Heart Fai	1963
[CONTRIBUTION ON THE EFFECT OF HAURYDRIN ON DIURESIS AND ON THE ELECTROLYTE BALANCE]. Die Medizinische Welt, 1963, Nov-02, Volume: 44 Topics: Bicarbonates; Chlorides; Coronary Disease; Diuresis; Diuretics; Heart Failure; Humans; Potassium; Pu	1963
TREATMENT OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE WITH DIURETICS. III. CHLORTHALIDONE ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH SPIRONOLACTONE. The American journal of the medical sciences, 1964, Volume: 247 Topics: Bendroflumethiazide; Cardiomegaly; Chlorides; Chlorthalidone; Coronary Disease; Creatine; Creatinine	1964
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC DEMONSTRATION OF ADENOSINETRIPHOSPHATASE IN MYOFIBRILS AND SARCOPLASMIC MEMBRANES OF CARDIAC MUSCLE OF NORMAL AND ABNORMAL DOGS. The American journal of pathology, 1964, Volume: 44 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Chlorides; Dogs; Electrons; Heart Failure; Microscopy; Microscopy, Electr	1964
[TREATMENT OF HEART INSUFFICIENCY]. Maanedsskrift for praktisk laegegerning og social Medicin, 1964, Volume: 42 Topics: Benzothiadiazines; Chlorides; Digitalis Glycosides; Heart Failure; Humans; Potassium; Sodium; Sodium	1964
BODY COMPOSITION IN HEART DISEASE. TOTAL EXCHANGEABLE POTASSIUM, TOTAL EXCHANGEABLE SODIUM, TOTAL EXCHANGEABLE CHLORIDE AND DERIVED VALUES FOR BODY COMPOSITION IN CARDIAC DISEASE WITH AND WITHOUT EDEMA. Acta medica Scandinavica, 1964, Volume: 175 Topics: Body Composition; Body Weight; Chlorides; Edema; Heart Diseases; Heart Failure; Humans; Potassium; P	1964
[TREATMENT OF EDEMATOUS SYNDROMES; COMBINATION OF CYCLOPENTHIAZIDE WITH PREDNISONE]. Il Policlinico. Sezione medica, 1964, Volume: 71 Topics: Ascites; Benzothiadiazines; Body Fluids; Chlorides; Cyclopenthiazide; Diuretics; Edema; Heart Failur	1964
[TRICHLORMETHIAZIDE (FLUITRAN) AS A DIURETIC]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1964, Mar-05, Volume: 126 Topics: Bicarbonates; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chlorides; Chlorothiazide; Creatine; Creatinine; Diuretics; E	1964
[USE OF CORTICOSTEROIDS IN CARDIAC INSUFFICIENCY]. Sovetskaia meditsina, 1963, Volume: 27 Topics: Blood; Cardiovascular Agents; Chlorides; Dexamethasone; Glucocorticoids; Heart Defects, Congenital;	1963
WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE DURING RECOVERY FROM CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE. Chinese medical journal (Peking, China : 1932), 1964, Volume: 83 Topics: Blood Chemical Analysis; Body Fluids; Chlorides; Heart Failure; Potassium; Sodium; Sodium, Dietary;	1964
[EFFECT OF EUPHYLLIN ON KIDNEY FUNCTION AND HEMODYNAMICS IN CARDIAC FUNCTION INSUFFICIENCY]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 1964, Volume: 36 Topics: Aminophylline; Blood; Blood Circulation; Blood Flow Velocity; Chlorides; Heart Defects, Congenital;	1964
HYPONATREMIA IN CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE. Marquette medical review, 1964, Volume: 30 Topics: Chlorides; Chlorothiazide; Diuretics; Heart Failure; Hyponatremia; Lysine; Organomercury Compounds;	1964
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH A NEW DIURETIC, TRIAMTERENE, IN CONJESTIVE HEART FAILURE. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1964, Aug-15, Volume: 91 Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Canada; Chlorides; Digitalis Glycosides; Diuretics; Edema; Heart Failure; Hydr	1964
[THE BENZTHIAZIDE-TRIAMTERENE COMBINATION. CLINICAL EXPERIMENTATION IN CARDIOLOGY]. Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux, 1964, Volume: 57 Topics: Benzothiadiazines; Biomedical Research; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chlorides; Diuresis; Diuretics; Ede	1964
BILATERAL RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS WITH ALDOSTERONISM. The British journal of radiology, 1964, Volume: 37 Topics: Angiography; Chlorides; Electrocardiography; Guanethidine; Heart Failure; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism	1964
THE DIURETIC RESPONSE TO FRUSEMIDE. Lancet (London, England), 1964, Nov-21, Volume: 2, Issue:7369 Topics: Chlorides; Diuretics; Fluids and Secretions; Furosemide; Heart Failure; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide;	1964
A CLINICAL TRIAL OF FRUSEMIDE. Lancet (London, England), 1964, Nov-21, Volume: 2, Issue:7369 Topics: Biomedical Research; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chlorides; Chlorthalidone; Diuretics; Fluids and Secre	1964
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE IN INFANCY. I. ABNORMALITIES IN BLOOD GASES AND ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM. Pediatrics, 1965, Volume: 35 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Blood Gas Analysis; Carbon Dioxide; Chlorides; Heart Failure; Humans; Hydroge	1965
[HISTOLOGIC CHANGES IN ELECTROLYTES IN NON-COLLAGEN PROTEINS AND GLYCOGEN IN CARDIAC INSUFFICIENCY]. Zeitschrift fur die gesamte innere Medizin und ihre Grenzgebiete, 1964, Sep-01, Volume: 19 Topics: Biopsy; Chlorides; Collagen; Electrolytes; Glycogen; Heart Failure; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Musc	1964
STUDIES ON ETHACRYNIC ACID IN PATIENTS WITH REFRACTORY EDEMA. Annals of internal medicine, 1965, Volume: 62 Topics: Alkalosis; Blood; Chlorides; Creatine; Creatinine; Diuretics; Drug Therapy; Edema; Ethacrynic Acid;	1965
DIURETIC ACTION OF FUROSEMIDE. Archives of internal medicine, 1965, Volume: 115 Topics: Acetazolamide; Bicarbonates; Biomedical Research; Blood Chemical Analysis; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibi	1965
"CONTRACTION" ALKALOSIS AFTER DIURESIS OF EDEMATOUS PATIENTS WITH ETHACRYNIC ACID. Annals of internal medicine, 1965, Volume: 62 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Alkalosis; Bicarbonates; Blood; Body Fluids; Body Weight; Chlorides; Diuresis	1965
The excretion of radiorubidium Rb86, radiopotassium, K42, and potassium, sodium, and chloride by man with and without congestive heart failure. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 1955, Volume: 45, Issue:3 Topics: Body Fluids; Chlorides; Heart Failure; Humans; Ions; Male; Potassium; Rubidium; Rubidium Radioisotop	1955
The use of L-lysine monomydrochloride in combination with mercurial diuretics in the treatment of refractory fluid retention. Circulation, 1960, Volume: 21 Topics: Chlorides; Diuretics; Heart Failure; Liver Cirrhosis; Lysine; Organomercury Compounds	1960
[Hypokalemis, hypochloremia and alkalosis in the long-term treatment of edematous heart insufficiency with benzothiadiazine diuretics. II. The prophylactic value of potassium chloride]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1962, Jul-13, Volume: 124 Topics: Alkalosis; Chlorides; Chlorothiazide; Edema; Heart Failure; Humans; Potassium; Potassium Chloride; S	1962
Estimation of the time of equilibrium of distribution of long-life radiochloride and radiosodium in man with and without chronic congestive heart failure. Acta medica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1952, Volume: 266 Topics: Chlorides; Heart Failure; Humans; Male; Radioactivity; Sodium; Sodium Radioisotopes; Sodium, Dietary	1952
Biologic decay rates of chloride in normal and diseased man, determined with long-life radiochlorine, Cl36. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 1952, Volume: 39, Issue:5 Topics: Biological Products; Chlorides; Heart Failure; Ions; Life	1952
[A comparative clinical investigation of the diuretic furosemide]. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1966, Volume: 16, Issue:5 Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Benzothiadiazines; Chlorides; Diuretics; Eclampsia; Edema; Female; Furosemide;	1966
Clinical trial of a potassium-sparing saluretic pyrazine derivative (MK-870). Acta medica Scandinavica, 1967, Volume: 181, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Carbon Dioxide; Chlorides; Creatine; Diuretics; Edema; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; L	1967
Clinical study of a new diuretic--ethacrynic acid. Helvetica medica acta, 1967, Volume: 33, Issue:5 Topics: Alkalosis; Ascites; Blood; Body Weight; Chlorides; Edema; Ethacrynic Acid; Heart Failure; Humans; Li	1967
Ethacrynic acid in edematous states in children. The Journal of pediatrics, 1967, Volume: 71, Issue:6 Topics: Alkalosis; Bicarbonates; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlorides; Ethacrynic Acid; Glomerulo	1967
Effects of hydroflumethiazide in congestive heart failure: renal electrolyte excretion related to urinary thiazide excretion and aldosterone. Acta pharmacologica et toxicologica, 1981, Volume: 49, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Aldosterone; Body Weight; Chlorides; Circadian Rhythm; Electrolytes; Heart Failure; Humans; Hy	1981
Treatment of refractory congestive heart failure and normokalemic hypochloremic alkalosis with acetazolamide and spironolactone. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1980, Nov-08, Volume: 123, Issue:9 Topics: Acetazolamide; Aged; Alkalosis; Chlorides; Drug Therapy, Combination; Furosemide; Heart Failure; Hum	1980
Endogenous sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport inhibitor in congestive heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1996, Nov-15, Volume: 28, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Biological Factors; Carrier Proteins; Chlorides; Female; Hea	1996
Cardiovascular effects of MnDPDP and MnCl2 in dogs with acute ischaemic heart failure. Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987), 1997, Volume: 38, Issue:4 Pt 2 Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Cardiovascular System; Chlorides; Contrast Media; Depression, Chemical; Dise	1997
Repolarization abnormalities, arrhythmia and sudden death in canine tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1997, Volume: 30, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Cesium; Chlorides; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Dogs; Electrocardiograp	1997
Spontaneous, electrically, and cesium chloride induced arrhythmia and afterdepolarizations in the rapidly paced dog heart. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE, 2001, Volume: 24, Issue:4 Pt 1 Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Cesium; Chlorides; Disease Models, Animal	2001
[Kidney in heart failure (author's transl)]. Klinische Wochenschrift, 1975, Feb-01, Volume: 53, Issue:3 Topics: Blood Proteins; Capillaries; Chlorides; Circadian Rhythm; Dibenzylchlorethamine; Dihydroergotoxine;	1975
[Use of aldactone-saltucine in patients with heart failure]. Kardiologiia, 1975, Volume: 15, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aldosterone; Body Weight; Butanes; Chlorides; Diuretics; Drug Combinations; Drug Evalua	1975
[Behavior of electrolyte- and acid-base balance with special reference to potassium balance during therapy with xipamid (4-chloro-5-sulfa-moyl-2',6',-salicyloxylidide)]. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1975, Volume: 25, Issue:2 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Bicarbonates; Chlorides; Diuresis; Diuretics; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru	1975
Secretion of human atrial natriuretic peptide in response to atrial pacing and its function in patients with ventricular septal defect. Japanese heart journal, 1990, Volume: 31, Issue:3 Topics: Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Child, Preschool; Chlorides; Diuresis; Heart	1990
Role of renal nerves in control of sodium excretion in chronic congestive heart failure. The American journal of physiology, 1989, Volume: 256, Issue:6 Pt 2 Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Aorta; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Chlorides; D	1989
Alterations in cardiac beta-adrenoceptor responsiveness and adenylate cyclase system by congestive heart failure in dogs. European journal of pharmacology, 1987, Aug-11, Volume: 140, Issue:2 Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Chlorides; Colforsin; Dihydroalprenolol; Dobutamine; Do	1987
Influence of digoxin and diuretic therapy on sweat fluid composition. Mineral and electrolyte metabolism, 1985, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Chlorides; Digoxin; Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Heart Failure; Humans; Sodium; Sodiu	1985
Total exchangeable potassium, sodium and chloride in patients with severe valvular heart disease during preparation for cardiac surgery. Scandinavian journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, 1973, Volume: 7, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Atrial Fibrillation; Bicarbonates; Blood Proteins; Body Compositi	1973
Letter: Danger of saline emetics in first-aid for poisoning. British medical journal, 1974, Oct-12, Volume: 4, Issue:5936 Topics: Adult; Bicarbonates; Child, Preschool; Chlorides; Emetics; Female; First Aid; Heart Failure; Humans;	1974
Renin activity in Black hypertensive patient in Rhodesia. South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 1974, Nov-02, Volume: 48, Issue:53 Topics: Adult; Biological Assay; Black or African American; Black People; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Chlorid	1974
Interrelations between sodium, chloride and potassium in heart disease. Acta cardiologica, 1973 Topics: Body Fluids; Chlorides; Diuretics; Electrolytes; Heart Diseases; Heart Failure; Humans; Muscles; Pot	1973
[Behaviour of magnesium in artificial cardiac valve replacement (author's transl)]. Thoraxchirurgie, vaskulare Chirurgie, 1974, Volume: 22, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Calcium; Chlorides; Digitalis Glycosides; Diuretics; Female; Heart Fail	1974
Influence of volume expansion on proximal tubular sodium reabsorption in congestive heart failure. American heart journal, 1973, Volume: 85, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Aldosterone; Aminohippuric Acids; Chlorides; Chlorothiazide; Chromium Isotopes; Diuresis; Eryt	1973
Hyperosmolal crisis following infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride for purposes of therapeutic abortion. The American journal of medicine, 1973, Volume: 55, Issue:1 Topics: Abortion, Therapeutic; Adolescent; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Carbon Dioxide; Chlorides; Creatine; Female;	1973
[Biochemical aspects of pre-insufficiency of the heart]. Zeitschrift fur die gesamte innere Medizin und ihre Grenzgebiete, 1973, Nov-01, Volume: 28, Issue:21 Topics: Animals; Calcium; Chlorides; Guinea Pigs; Heart Failure; Hypoxia; Lactates; Magnesium; Myocardium; P	1973
Chronic congestive heart failure treated with long-term infusion of glucagon. Acta medica Scandinavica, 1973, Volume: 194, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Bicarbonates; Blood; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Chlorides; Depression, Chemical; Dyspnea; Fe	1973
[Glucagon and renal function]. Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale, 1973, Nov-30, Volume: 49, Issue:22 Topics: Adult; Aged; Calcium; Chlorides; Creatinine; Diuresis; Glucagon; Heart Failure; Humans; Kidney; Kidn	1973
Renal function studies in hyponatremic cardiac patients with edema (dilution syndrome). American heart journal, 1974, Volume: 87, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aminohippuric Acids; Cardiac Output; Catheterization; Chlorides; Edema; Female; Glomeru	1974
Biochemical aspects of congestive heart failure in children. II. The Journal of pediatrics, 1974, Volume: 84, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Blood Volume; Carbon Dioxide; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlorides; Creatine; Digitalis Gl	1974
Clinical evaluation of parenteral polythiazide (P-2525) administration. Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental, 1965, Volume: 7, Issue:9 Topics: Blood; Blood Glucose; Chlorides; Heart Failure; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Liver Diseases; O	1965
[Electron-microscopic findings, and photometric and activation-analytical results in experimental caridac insufficiency caused by cobaltous chloride]. Virchows Archiv. B, Cell pathology, 1969, Volume: 2, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Calcium; Chlorides; Cobalt; Female; Heart; Heart Failure; Histological Techniques; Injectio	1969
Metabolic effects of ethacrynic acid in the aged. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 1970, Volume: 18, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Chlorides; Diabetes Complications; Ethacrynic Acid; Female; Glucose Toler	1970
Common fluid and electrolyte disorders in the cardiac patient. Geriatrics, 1972, Volume: 27, Issue:11 Topics: Acidosis, Respiratory; Alkalosis; Bicarbonates; Chlorides; Diuretics; Edema; Heart Diseases; Heart F	1972
[Immediate effects of a new diuretic-ethacrynic acid (MK-595)-on the metabolism of sodium, chloride, potassium and water in edematous conditions]. Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira, 1965, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Chlorides; Diuresis; Ethacrynic Acid; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle A	1965
Severe hypernatremia complicating heart valve surgery. A preliminary report. Scandinavian journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, 1969, Volume: 3, Issue:1 Topics: Aortic Valve; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Body Weight; Chlorides; Heart Failure; Heart Valve Prosthesis;	1969
Dynamic aspects of volume and osmoregulation in congestive heart failure during furosemide diuresis. Angiology, 1970, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Bicarbonates; Body Composition; Chlorides; Creatinine; Diuresis; Extracellular Space; Furosemide; He	1970
Pathophysiology of cardiac failure in the newborn. UCLA forum in medical sciences, 1970, Volume: 10 Topics: Acidosis, Respiratory; Adaptation, Physiological; Aldosterone; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Bicarbonates; Bl	1970
Interpretation of electrolytes in the matabolic profile. I. Sodium. Southern medical journal, 1971, Volume: 64, Issue:3 Topics: Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Biliary Tract Diseases; Blood Gas Analysis; Chlorides; Computers; Heart Fa	1971
Interpretation of electrolytes in the metabolic profile. II. Chloride, carbon dioxide, and potassium. Southern medical journal, 1971, Volume: 64, Issue:3 Topics: Alcoholism; Blood Chemical Analysis; Carbon Dioxide; Chlorides; Computers; Diabetes Mellitus; Heart	1971
Fluid and electrolyte complications of peritoneal dialysis. Choice of dialysis solutions. Annals of internal medicine, 1971, Volume: 75, Issue:2 Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Alkalosis; Bicarbonates; Blood; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Ure	1971
The biochemical aspects of congestive heart failure in children. I. The Journal of pediatrics, 1971, Volume: 79, Issue:2 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis; Acidosis, Respiratory; Adolescent; Bicarbonates; Carbon Dioxide; Ch	1971
Lactic acidosis and associated hypoglycemia. Archives of internal medicine, 1971, Volume: 128, Issue:2 Topics: Acidosis; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; Chlorides; Fem	1971
Frusemide in heart failure of infancy. Archives of disease in childhood, 1971, Volume: 46, Issue:248 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aortic Coarctation; Body Weight; Chlorides; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent; Female;	1971
[On the behavior of Na+, Cl- ad K+ in plasma and urine and of aldosteronuria in decompensated cardiopathies]. Atti della Societa italiana di cardiologia, 1967, Volume: 2 Topics: Aldosterone; Chlorides; Heart Failure; Humans; Potassium; Sodium	1967
[On several electrolytic disturbances in patients with chronic circulatory insufficiency]. Kardiologiia, 1967, Volume: 7, Issue:11 Topics: Ascitic Fluid; Blood Proteins; Calcium; Chlorides; Chronic Disease; Heart Failure; Humans; Hyponatre	1967
Amiloride. A potassium-sparing natriuretic agent. Circulation, 1968, Volume: 37, Issue:1 Topics: Acetazolamide; Aldosterone; Ammonia; Ascites; Bicarbonates; Blood Pressure; Chlorides; Chlorothiazid	1968
Hemodynamic effects of diuresis by ethacrynic acid in normal subjects and in patients with congestive heart failure. Archives of internal medicine, 1968, Volume: 121, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Blood Volume; Cardiac Output; Chlorides; Ethacrynic Acid; Heart; Heart Failur	1968
The use of ethacrynic acid in infants and children with congestive heart failure. Pediatrics, 1968, Volume: 42, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Calcium; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlorides; Diuresis; Ethacrynic Acid; Heart Failure; H	1968
Clinical and hemodynamic results of peritoneal dialysis for severe cardiac failure. American heart journal, 1968, Volume: 76, Issue:2 Topics: Blood Volume; Cardiac Output; Chlorides; Coronary Disease; Heart Failure; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hype	1968
[The comparative effect of camphor and caffeine on certain indices of mineral metabolism in cardiac insufficiency]. Vrachebnoe delo, 1968, Volume: 2 Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Camphor; Chlorides; Heart Failure; Myocardium; Potassium; Rats; Sodium	1968
[MK 870. A comparison of the saluretic action of MK 870, bendroflumethiazide and bendroflumethiazide + MK 870]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1968, Apr-18, Volume: 130, Issue:16 Topics: Adult; Aged; Bendroflumethiazide; Chlorides; Diuretics; Electrolytes; Female; Heart Failure; Humans;	1968
Ethacrynic acid in patients with salt and water retention-a clinical appraisal. Polish medical journal, 1968, Volume: 7, Issue:4 Topics: Chlorides; Edema; Ethacrynic Acid; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypernatremia; Hyponatremia; Kidney Failur	1968
Clinical experience with furosemide. Southern medical journal, 1968, Volume: 61, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ascites; Carbon Dioxide; Chlorides; Diabetes Complications; Diuresis; Edema	1968
Clinical evaluation of diuretics in congestive heart failure. A detailed study in four patients. Archives of internal medicine, 1969, Volume: 124, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chlorides; Diuretics; Drug Synergism; Furosemide; Heart Failure; Humans;	1969
[Neutron activation analysis of cobalt and calcium in experimental cardiac failure caused by cobaltous chloride]. Zeitschrift fur die gesamte experimentelle Medizin einschliesslich experimentelle Chirurgie, 1969, Volume: 150, Issue:4 Topics: Activation Analysis; Animals; Calcium; Chlorides; Cobalt; Female; Heart Failure; Injections, Intrape	1969
Clinical studies on the acid-base balance disturbance in congestive heart failure. Japanese circulation journal, 1969, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis, Respiratory; Adult; Aldosterone; Alkalosis; Arteries; Benzothiadiaz	1969
Ethacrynic acid. Use in ambulatory patients with resistant edema. The American journal of cardiology, 1965, Volume: 16, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood; Chlorides; Edema; Electrolytes; Ethacrynic Acid; Female; Heart Failu	1965
Respiratory failure. Aspen Emphysema Conference, 1965, Volume: 8 Topics: Acidosis, Respiratory; Acute Disease; Alkalosis; Blood Gas Analysis; Bronchodilator Agents; Catheter	1965
The pharmacology of an oral diuretic ("Doburil") in congestive cardiac failure: a comparison with hydrochlorothiazide. The Medical journal of Australia, 1966, Oct-01, Volume: 2, Issue:14 Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzothiadiazines; Chlorides; Diuretics; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hydrochlorothia	1966
[Various aspects of diuresis in heart congestive failure]. Atti della Societa italiana di cardiologia, 1966, Volume: 1 Topics: Adult; Chlorides; Creatinine; Diuresis; Heart Failure; Humans; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Potassium; Sod	1966

chlorine and Heart Failure

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (164)

Authors

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Authors	Studies
Misumi, K	1
Matsue, Y	2
Nogi, K	2
Sunayama, T	1
Dotare, T	1
Maeda, D	1
Kagiyama, N	2
Kasai, T	1
Kitai, T	2
Oishi, S	2
Akiyama, E	2
Suzuki, S	2
Yamamoto, M	2
Kida, K	2
Okumura, T	2
Nogi, M	2
Ishihara, S	2
Ueda, T	2
Kawakami, R	2
Saito, Y	2
Minamino, T	1
Zandijk, AJL	1
van Norel, MR	1
Julius, FEC	1
Sepehrvand, N	1
Pannu, N	1
McAlister, FA	1
Voors, AA	2
Ezekowitz, JA	1
Seo, M	2
Watanabe, T	1
Yamada, T	2
Yano, M	1
Hayashi, T	1
Nakagawa, A	1
Nakagawa, Y	1
Tamaki, S	2
Yasumura, Y	1
Sotomi, Y	1
Hikoso, S	1
Nakatani, D	1
Fukunami, M	2
Sakata, Y	2
Kataoka, H	6
Kazory, A	4
Price, JF	1
Choudhry, S	1
Srivaths, P	1
Puri, K	1
Hope, K	1
Denfield, SW	1
Spinner, J	1
Tunuguntla, H	1
Dreyer, WJ	1
Akcan-Arikan, A	1
Fu, Z	1
Zhang, X	1
Zhao, X	1
Wang, Q	1
Shirotani, S	3
Jujo, K	3
Takada, T	3
Abe, T	3
Kishihara, M	3
Watanabe, S	3
Endo, N	3
Fujita, H	3
Murasaki, S	3
Yamaguchi, J	3
Kurashima, S	1
Furukawa, Y	2
Izumi, C	1
Llàcer, P	1
Croset, F	1
Núñez, J	1
Campos, J	1
Fernández, C	1
Fabregate, M	1
Del Hoyo, B	1
Ruiz, R	1
López, G	1
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THREEFOOT, SA	4
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HUGHES, P	2
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BARNETT, AJ	1
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JACONO, A	1
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