chlorine and Disease Models, Animal studies

chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.

Disease Models, Animal: Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Ferric chloride-induced distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of stroke was described in mice several years ago, however it lacked in-depth evaluation of the post-stroke functional outcomes in the animals."	7.96	Motor deficit in the mouse ferric chloride-induced distal middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke. ( Alamri, FF; Arumugam, TV; Jayaraman, S; Karamyan, ST; Karamyan, VT; Lee, P; Syeara, N, 2020)
"Taken together, these results confirmed that vitexin effectively alleviates epilepsy susceptibility through inhibition of inflammation along with improved BBB integrity."	7.88	Vitexin reduces epilepsy after hypoxic ischemia in the neonatal brain via inhibition of NKCC1. ( Han, S; He, XH; Huang, WX; Liu, WH; Luo, WD; Min, JW; Peng, BW; Peng, YY; Wang, X; Yin, J, 2018)
"The present study aimed to investigate the effects of intestinal endotoxemia (IETM) in a rat model of aluminum neurotoxicity established by D-galactose and aluminum trichloride (AlCl3)."	7.85	The role of intestinal endotoxemia in a rat model of aluminum neurotoxicity. ( Guo, RX; Han, B; Han, DW; Li, WX; Liu, LX; Wang, F; Yu, BF, 2017)
" This study is to examine the potential epilepsy control effect of deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator, on a ferric chloride-induced epilepsy rat model."	7.85	Effectiveness of deferoxamine on ferric chloride-induced epilepsy in rats. ( Cai, S; Chen, L; Jiang, S; Shi, Y; Wu, Z; Zhu, R; Zou, X, 2017)
"We report that the oxytocin-mediated neuroprotective γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) excitatory-inhibitory shift during delivery is abolished in the valproate and fragile X rodent models of autism."	7.80	Oxytocin-mediated GABA inhibition during delivery attenuates autism pathogenesis in rodent offspring. ( Ben-Ari, Y; Brouchoud, C; Burnashev, N; Chazal, G; Eftekhari, S; Ferrari, DC; Khalilov, I; Lemonnier, E; Lozovaya, N; Nardou, R; Shahrokhi, A; Tsintsadze, T; Tsintsadze, V; Tyzio, R, 2014)
"Application of ferric chloride (FeCl(3)) to exposed blood vessels is widely used to initiate thrombosis in laboratory mice."	7.79	Red blood cells mediate the onset of thrombosis in the ferric chloride murine model. ( Barr, JD; Chauhan, AK; Hansen, JK; Motto, DG; Schaeffer, GV, 2013)
"The goal of this study was to develop and validate a new fibrin-targeted imaging agent that enables high-resolution near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)."	7.78	Molecular imaging of fibrin deposition in deep vein thrombosis using fibrin-targeted near-infrared fluorescence. ( Bhayana, B; Hara, T; Jaffer, FA; Kessinger, CW; Khatri, A; Lin, CP; McCarthy, JR; Tearney, GJ; Thompson, B; Weissleder, R, 2012)
"Epidemiologic studies have correlated elevated plasma fibrinogen (hyperfibrinogenemia) with risk of cardiovascular disease and arterial and venous thrombosis."	7.77	Causal relationship between hyperfibrinogenemia, thrombosis, and resistance to thrombolysis in mice. ( Cardenas, JC; Church, FC; Machlus, KR; Wolberg, AS, 2011)
"We investigated the effects of tolvaptan, a vasopressin V(2)-receptor antagonist, on diuretic response and systemic and renal hemodynamic characteristics in conscious dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF)."	7.77	Effects of tolvaptan on systemic and renal hemodynamic function in dogs with congestive heart failure. ( Fujiki, H; Nakamura, S; Nakayama, S; Onogawa, T; Sakamoto, Y; Yamamura, Y, 2011)
"The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of LGP on Cl(-) secretion across rat distal colonic epithelium mounted in Ussing chambers, and on a rat constipation model induced by loperamide, respectively."	7.76	Traditional Chinese formula, lubricating gut pill, improves loperamide-induced rat constipation involved in enhance of Cl- secretion across distal colonic epithelium. ( An, R; Cui, B; Hu, Z; Wang, X; Wu, D; Yuan, J; Zhou, J, 2010)
"Although cadmium (Cd) is an important and common environmental pollutant and has been linked to cardiovascular diseases, little is known about its effects in initial stages of atherosclerosis."	7.75	Cadmium is a novel and independent risk factor for early atherosclerosis mechanisms and in vivo relevance. ( Bernhard, D; Henderson, B; Kiechl, S; Knoflach, M; Laufer, G; Messner, B; Pfaller, K; Ritsch, A; Seubert, A; Shen, YH; Wick, G; Willeit, J; Zeller, I, 2009)
" In this study, we aimed to investigate the long-term expression profiles of NKCC1 and KCC2 in CA1 region in the mice model of lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (PISE) and their relationship with epileptogenesis."	7.74	Long-term expressional changes of Na+ -K+ -Cl- co-transporter 1 (NKCC1) and K+ -Cl- co-transporter 2 (KCC2) in CA1 region of hippocampus following lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (PISE). ( Chen, S; Chen, Z; Li, X; Zhou, J; Zhou, L; Zhu, F, 2008)
"Results of these studies demonstrate that provision of additional NO substrate in the form of L-arginine incites prostaglandin-dependent secretory diarrhea and does not promote epithelial defense or barrier function of C."	7.74	Oral delivery of L-arginine stimulates prostaglandin-dependent secretory diarrhea in Cryptosporidium parvum-infected neonatal piglets. ( Coccaro, MR; Foster, DM; Gookin, JL; Stauffer, SH, 2008)
" The purpose of the present work was to develop and validate an original model of acute myocardial infarction provoked in pig by thrombosis of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery induced by topical application of ferric chloride solution."	7.73	Characterization of an original model of myocardial infarction provoked by coronary artery thrombosis induced by ferric chloride in pig. ( D'Orio, V; Dogné, JM; Drion, P; Ghuysen, A; Hanson, J; Kolh, P; Lambermont, B; Magis, D; Masereel, B; Pétein, M; Pirotte, B; Rolin, S; Segers, P; Tchana-Sato, V, 2005)
"In the rat model of topical ferric chloride-induced carotid artery thrombosis, a transient blood flow velocity (VEL) increase is observed immediately following ferric chloride application."	7.72	Differential effects of sodium nitroprusside and hydralazine in a rat model of topical FeCl3-induced carotid artery thrombosis. ( Bickel, DJ; Lyle, EA; Lynch, JJ; Robinson, MA; Welsh, DC, 2003)
"In this study, we investigated whether the potassium channel blocker, cesium chloride (CsCl), which is capable of producing early after-depolarizations (EADs) and polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmias resembling torsades de pointes, might exert similar effects in the atria."	7.70	Cesium-induced atrial tachycardia degenerating into atrial fibrillation in dogs: atrial torsades de pointes? ( Satoh, T; Zipes, DP, 1998)
"Previous studies have shown that the autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the genesis of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with long QT syndrome, and in cesium chloride (Cs)-induced VT in animals."	7.70	Baroreflex sensitivity predicts the induction of ventricular arrhythmias by cesium chloride in rabbits. ( Ishida, S; Ito, M; Nakagawa, M; Ou, B; Ri, C; Saikawa, T; Takahashi, N; Yonemochi, H, 1999)
" This study examines the effects of chronic lithium administration on changes induced by amphetamine administration and withdrawal on open field locomotor activity of rats, and considered as an animal model of behaviors displayed in bipolar disorders."	7.68	Effects of lithium on an amphetamine animal model of bipolar disorder. ( Cappeliez, P; Moore, E, 1990)
"The antiarrhythmic activity of IST was studied on some experimental models of cardiac arrhythmia--caused by adrenaline in rats, caused by barium in non-narcotized rabbits, caused by strophanthin in guinea pigs, caused by aconitine and calcium in rats."	7.68	[The anti-arrhythmia activity of isoteolin (IST)]. ( Iakimov, G; Markov, M; Zheliazkov, D, 1990)
"Treatment with panduratin A reduced the number of renal cyst colonies corresponding with a decrease in cell proliferation and phosphorylated p70/S6K, a downstream target of mTOR signaling."	5.72	Pharmacological Effects of Panduratin A on Renal Cyst Development in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Polycystic Kidney Disease. ( Chabang, N; Fongsupa, S; Soodvilai, S; Srimai, N; Tonum, K; Torres, JA; Tuchinda, P; Weimbs, T, 2022)
"After intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), brain edema commonly occurs and can cause death."	5.51	Failure of bumetanide to improve outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in rat. ( Aziz, JR; Brar, PS; Clark, JJA; Colbourne, F; Fedor, BA; Nadeau, CA; Wilkinson, CM, 2019)
"Cyst enlargement in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) requires the transepithelial secretion of fluid into the cyst lumen."	5.42	Ouabain Regulates CFTR-Mediated Anion Secretion and Na,K-ATPase Transport in ADPKD Cells. ( Blanco, G; Calvet, JP; Jansson, K; Magenheimer, BS; Reif, GA; Sánchez, G; Venugopal, J; Wallace, DP, 2015)
"Optic neuritis is a common manifestation of multiple sclerosis, an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS."	5.39	Calcium influx and calpain activation mediate preclinical retinal neurodegeneration in autoimmune optic neuritis. ( Bahr, BA; Bojcevski, J; Diem, R; Fairless, R; Hoffmann, DB; Müller, A; Naidoo, V; Stadelmann, C; Williams, SK, 2013)
"Ferric chloride has been widely used to induce arterial thrombosis in a variety of species."	5.33	An optimized murine model of ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis for thrombosis research. ( Wang, X; Xu, L, 2005)
"The risk of seizures increases to the extent that the injury is associated with sub-arachnoid hemorrhage and hematoma."	5.32	Lipoic acid pretreatment attenuates ferric chloride-induced seizures in the rat. ( Lee, JK; Meyerhoff, JL; Rittase, BW; Tsang, AY; Yourick, DL, 2004)
"Despite frequent arrhythmia and sudden death in heart failure, attempts to study arrhythmia mechanisms in patients are difficult."	5.31	Spontaneous, electrically, and cesium chloride induced arrhythmia and afterdepolarizations in the rapidly paced dog heart. ( Jones, DL; Li, HG; Petrie, JP, 2001)
" Using the kainic acid model of status epilepticus, we have studied the effects of repetitive neonatal episodes of status epilepticus on the expression of cation chloride cotransporter KCC2 in the neonatal hippocampus."	4.84	Developmental patterns in the regulation of chloride homeostasis and GABA(A) receptor signaling by seizures. ( Galanopoulou, AS, 2007)
" CFEX-null mice were found to have hyperoxaluria and a high incidence of calcium oxalate urolithiasis."	4.83	Essential roles of CFEX-mediated Cl(-)-oxalate exchange in proximal tubule NaCl transport and prevention of urolithiasis. ( Aronson, PS, 2006)
"Ferric chloride-induced distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of stroke was described in mice several years ago, however it lacked in-depth evaluation of the post-stroke functional outcomes in the animals."	3.96	Motor deficit in the mouse ferric chloride-induced distal middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke. ( Alamri, FF; Arumugam, TV; Jayaraman, S; Karamyan, ST; Karamyan, VT; Lee, P; Syeara, N, 2020)
"Taken together, these results confirmed that vitexin effectively alleviates epilepsy susceptibility through inhibition of inflammation along with improved BBB integrity."	3.88	Vitexin reduces epilepsy after hypoxic ischemia in the neonatal brain via inhibition of NKCC1. ( Han, S; He, XH; Huang, WX; Liu, WH; Luo, WD; Min, JW; Peng, BW; Peng, YY; Wang, X; Yin, J, 2018)
" Oral DRAinh-A250 and tenapanor comparably reduced signs of constipation in loperamide-treated mice, with additive effects found on coadministration."	3.88	SLC26A3 inhibitor identified in small molecule screen blocks colonic fluid absorption and reduces constipation. ( Cil, O; Haggie, PM; Lee, S; Phuan, PW; Rivera, AA; Tan, JA; Verkman, AS, 2018)
" Troα6/Troα10 displayed prominent inhibitory effect of thrombus formation in fluorescein sodium-induced platelet thrombus formation of mesenteric venules and ferric chloride-induced carotid artery injury thrombosis model without prolonging the in vivo bleeding time."	3.85	Trowaglerix Venom Polypeptides As a Novel Antithrombotic Agent by Targeting Immunoglobulin-Like Domains of Glycoprotein VI in Platelet. ( Chang, CH; Chung, CH; Hsu, CC; Huang, TF; Peng, HC; Tsai, CC; Tseng, YJ; Tu, YS, 2017)
"The present study aimed to investigate the effects of intestinal endotoxemia (IETM) in a rat model of aluminum neurotoxicity established by D-galactose and aluminum trichloride (AlCl3)."	3.85	The role of intestinal endotoxemia in a rat model of aluminum neurotoxicity. ( Guo, RX; Han, B; Han, DW; Li, WX; Liu, LX; Wang, F; Yu, BF, 2017)
" In a mouse model of ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis, GPVI-CD39 effectively delayed vascular thrombosis but did not increase tail bleeding time in vivo."	3.85	ADPase CD39 Fused to Glycoprotein VI-Fc Boosts Local Antithrombotic Effects at Vascular Lesions. ( Adler, K; Borst, O; Brandl, R; Degen, H; Fassbender, J; Gawaz, M; Göbel, S; Jamasbi, J; Lorenz, R; Mojica Munoz, AK; Münch, G; Siess, W; Ungerer, M; Walker, B; Ziegler, M, 2017)
" This study is to examine the potential epilepsy control effect of deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator, on a ferric chloride-induced epilepsy rat model."	3.85	Effectiveness of deferoxamine on ferric chloride-induced epilepsy in rats. ( Cai, S; Chen, L; Jiang, S; Shi, Y; Wu, Z; Zhu, R; Zou, X, 2017)
" The animals were grouped in to solvent control; hypothyroid; hyperthyroid; prophylactic with two different doses of berberine chloride (50 and 100 mg/kg); treatment groups similar to that of the prophylactic and therapeutic group."	3.83	Pharmacological Effect of Berberine Chloride in Propyl Thiouracil Induced Thyroidal Dysfunction - A Time Bound Study in Female Rats. ( Dhiman, S; Dua, K; Gupta, G; Maurya, H, 2016)
"To determine how CD73 activity influences in vivo thrombosis, the time to ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis was measured in CD73-null mice."	3.83	Role of the CD39/CD73 Purinergic Pathway in Modulating Arterial Thrombosis in Mice. ( Chepurko, E; Covarrubias, R; Cowan, PJ; Dwyer, KM; Gumina, RJ; Huttinger, R; Huttinger, ZM; Novitskaya, T; Reynolds, A; Robson, SC; Stanfill, K; Wheeler, DG, 2016)
"We report that the oxytocin-mediated neuroprotective γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) excitatory-inhibitory shift during delivery is abolished in the valproate and fragile X rodent models of autism."	3.80	Oxytocin-mediated GABA inhibition during delivery attenuates autism pathogenesis in rodent offspring. ( Ben-Ari, Y; Brouchoud, C; Burnashev, N; Chazal, G; Eftekhari, S; Ferrari, DC; Khalilov, I; Lemonnier, E; Lozovaya, N; Nardou, R; Shahrokhi, A; Tsintsadze, T; Tsintsadze, V; Tyzio, R, 2014)
" Therefore, the present study examined the effects of valsartan on memory impairment, cholinergic dysfunction, and oxidative stress in aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) and d-galactose (d-gal)-induced experimental sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type."	3.80	The effects of valsartan on cognitive deficits induced by aluminum trichloride and d-galactose in mice. ( Feng, GF; Han, H; Hu, XD; Liu, Y; Qian, YH; Shi, LL; Yang, WN, 2014)
" Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Que or DiOHF treatment on platelet function and ferric chloride-induced carotid artery thrombosis in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes."	3.80	The flavonols quercetin and 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonol reduce platelet function and delay thrombus formation in a model of type 1 diabetes. ( Jackson, DE; Linden, MD; Mosawy, S; Woodman, OL, 2014)
" We further analyzed the impact of direct platelet-collagen binding by blocking glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and integrin α2β1 in our ferric chloride murine thrombosis model."	3.80	Analysis of the role of von Willebrand factor, platelet glycoprotein VI-, and α2β1-mediated collagen binding in thrombus formation. ( Brown, C; Crawford, B; Danisment, O; Hegadorn, CA; Lillicrap, D; Mewburn, J; Nieswandt, B; Pruss, CM; Rydz, N; Shida, Y; Sponagle, K; Stegner, D; Vidal, B, 2014)
"Application of ferric chloride (FeCl(3)) to exposed blood vessels is widely used to initiate thrombosis in laboratory mice."	3.79	Red blood cells mediate the onset of thrombosis in the ferric chloride murine model. ( Barr, JD; Chauhan, AK; Hansen, JK; Motto, DG; Schaeffer, GV, 2013)
" A ferric chloride injury model of thrombosis was also evaluated."	3.78	Use of a mouse model to elucidate the phenotypic effects of the von Willebrand factor cleavage mutants, Y1605A/M1606A and R1597W. ( Bryant, A; Golder, M; Haberichter, S; Hegadorn, C; Lillicrap, D; Pruss, CM, 2012)
"The goal of this study was to develop and validate a new fibrin-targeted imaging agent that enables high-resolution near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)."	3.78	Molecular imaging of fibrin deposition in deep vein thrombosis using fibrin-targeted near-infrared fluorescence. ( Bhayana, B; Hara, T; Jaffer, FA; Kessinger, CW; Khatri, A; Lin, CP; McCarthy, JR; Tearney, GJ; Thompson, B; Weissleder, R, 2012)
"Epidemiologic studies have correlated elevated plasma fibrinogen (hyperfibrinogenemia) with risk of cardiovascular disease and arterial and venous thrombosis."	3.77	Causal relationship between hyperfibrinogenemia, thrombosis, and resistance to thrombolysis in mice. ( Cardenas, JC; Church, FC; Machlus, KR; Wolberg, AS, 2011)
"Using recombinant proteins and a murine model, we demonstrated that an ADAMTS13 variant truncated after either the eighth thrombospondin type 1 repeat or the spacer domain inhibits ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis in ADAMTS13(-/-) mice with efficacy similar to that of full-length ADAMTS13."	3.77	Essential domains of a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeats-13 metalloprotease required for modulation of arterial thrombosis. ( Jin, SY; Sorvillo, N; Voorberg, J; Xiao, J; Xue, J; Zheng, XL, 2011)
"We investigated the effects of tolvaptan, a vasopressin V(2)-receptor antagonist, on diuretic response and systemic and renal hemodynamic characteristics in conscious dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF)."	3.77	Effects of tolvaptan on systemic and renal hemodynamic function in dogs with congestive heart failure. ( Fujiki, H; Nakamura, S; Nakayama, S; Onogawa, T; Sakamoto, Y; Yamamura, Y, 2011)
"The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of LGP on Cl(-) secretion across rat distal colonic epithelium mounted in Ussing chambers, and on a rat constipation model induced by loperamide, respectively."	3.76	Traditional Chinese formula, lubricating gut pill, improves loperamide-induced rat constipation involved in enhance of Cl- secretion across distal colonic epithelium. ( An, R; Cui, B; Hu, Z; Wang, X; Wu, D; Yuan, J; Zhou, J, 2010)
" Consistent with these observations, acetoacetate reduced quantal size at hippocampal synapses and suppresses glutamate release and seizures evoked with 4-aminopyridine in the brain."	3.76	Metabolic control of vesicular glutamate transport and release. ( Edwards, RH; Gray, JA; Hara, C; Inoue, T; Juge, N; Miyaji, T; Moriyama, Y; Nicoll, RA; Omote, H; Uneyama, H, 2010)
" We hypothesized that anti-HSP60 autoantibodies could potentiate thrombosis, and evaluated the effect of anti-murine HSP60 antibodies in a ferric chloride (FeCl3)-induced murine model of carotid artery injury."	3.75	Autoantibodies to heat shock protein 60 promote thrombus formation in a murine model of arterial thrombosis. ( Dieudé, M; Gillis, MA; Lajoie, G; Levine, JS; Merhi, Y; Rauch, J; Théorêt, JF; Thorin, E, 2009)
"Although cadmium (Cd) is an important and common environmental pollutant and has been linked to cardiovascular diseases, little is known about its effects in initial stages of atherosclerosis."	3.75	Cadmium is a novel and independent risk factor for early atherosclerosis mechanisms and in vivo relevance. ( Bernhard, D; Henderson, B; Kiechl, S; Knoflach, M; Laufer, G; Messner, B; Pfaller, K; Ritsch, A; Seubert, A; Shen, YH; Wick, G; Willeit, J; Zeller, I, 2009)
" In this study, we aimed to investigate the long-term expression profiles of NKCC1 and KCC2 in CA1 region in the mice model of lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (PISE) and their relationship with epileptogenesis."	3.74	Long-term expressional changes of Na+ -K+ -Cl- co-transporter 1 (NKCC1) and K+ -Cl- co-transporter 2 (KCC2) in CA1 region of hippocampus following lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (PISE). ( Chen, S; Chen, Z; Li, X; Zhou, J; Zhou, L; Zhu, F, 2008)
" In vivo effect of CPI was also investigated using ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis model in rat."	3.74	Antithrombotic effects due to pharmacological modulation of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor in rats. ( Bhatt, S; Jain, MR; Patel, PR; Sharma, A; Soni, H, 2008)
"Results of these studies demonstrate that provision of additional NO substrate in the form of L-arginine incites prostaglandin-dependent secretory diarrhea and does not promote epithelial defense or barrier function of C."	3.74	Oral delivery of L-arginine stimulates prostaglandin-dependent secretory diarrhea in Cryptosporidium parvum-infected neonatal piglets. ( Coccaro, MR; Foster, DM; Gookin, JL; Stauffer, SH, 2008)
" Of the various methods used for inducing experimental epileptic models, the intracortical administration of ferric chloride (FeCl(3)) into sensorimotor cortex induces recurrent seizures and epileptic discharge similar to human post-traumatic epilepsy through the generation of free radicals."	3.74	Inhibitory role of Acorus calamus in ferric chloride-induced epileptogenesis in rat. ( Guha, D; Hazra, R; Ray, K, 2007)
" After exposure for 10 +/- 1 weeks, arterial thrombosis and neointima formation at the carotid artery were induced using 10% ferric chloride."	3.74	Cigarette smoke exposure promotes arterial thrombosis and vessel remodeling after vascular injury in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. ( Berges, A; Humboldt, T; Konstantinides, S; Lebrun, S; Leifheit, M; Meurrens, K; Sawalich, M; Schaefer, K; Schleef, R; Schroeter, MR; Wallerath, T; Xu, H, 2008)
"Murine (C57BL/6 mice) models of ferric chloride (FeCl(3))-induced carotid arterial and vena cava thrombosis were established."	3.74	Lipopolysaccharide augments venous and arterial thrombosis in the mouse. ( Wang, X, 2008)
"5 hours later by administration of saline vehicle or a regimen of bicuculline (1 mg/kg, sc), a GABA(A) receptor antagonist, which does not produce any intrinsic effects on seizures."	3.73	Actions at GABA(A) receptors in the hippocampus may mediate some antiseizure effects of progestins. ( Frye, CA; Rhodes, ME, 2005)
" The purpose of the present work was to develop and validate an original model of acute myocardial infarction provoked in pig by thrombosis of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery induced by topical application of ferric chloride solution."	3.73	Characterization of an original model of myocardial infarction provoked by coronary artery thrombosis induced by ferric chloride in pig. ( D'Orio, V; Dogné, JM; Drion, P; Ghuysen, A; Hanson, J; Kolh, P; Lambermont, B; Magis, D; Masereel, B; Pétein, M; Pirotte, B; Rolin, S; Segers, P; Tchana-Sato, V, 2005)
"Recently, heme oxygenase-carbon monoxide (HO-CO) pathway has been reported to be involved in the development of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fever."	3.73	Central heme oxygenase-carbon monoxide pathway participates in the lipopolysaccharide-induced tolerance in rats. ( Branco, LG; Dias, MB; Raffaini, MS, 2006)
"To further explore the relationship between FXI and venous thrombosis, we evaluated FXI-deficient and wild-type mice in a ferric chloride (FeCl(3))-induced vena cava thrombosis model."	3.73	Effects of factor XI deficiency on ferric chloride-induced vena cava thrombosis in mice. ( Gailani, D; Hsu, MY; Ogletree, ML; Schumacher, WA; Seiffert, DA; Smith, PL; Wang, X, 2006)
"We used a model of carotid artery thrombosis induced by a ferric chloride injury to compare the time to first occlusion and occlusion rate at 25 min postinjury in mice lacking the collagen receptor, glycoprotein (GP) VI, or the ligand-binding domain of the VWF receptor, GP Ibalpha."	3.73	Distinct antithrombotic consequences of platelet glycoprotein Ibalpha and VI deficiency in a mouse model of arterial thrombosis. ( Almus-Jacobs, F; Konstantinides, S; Loskutoff, DJ; Marchese, P; Ruggeri, ZM; Ware, J, 2006)
"Human obesity is associated with elevated leptin levels and a high risk of death from cardiovascular disease."	3.72	Leptin promotes vascular remodeling and neointimal growth in mice. ( Dellas, C; Goeschen, C; Halle, M; Konstantinides, S; Loskutoff, DJ; Pynn, M; Schäfer, K, 2004)
"In the rat model of topical ferric chloride-induced carotid artery thrombosis, a transient blood flow velocity (VEL) increase is observed immediately following ferric chloride application."	3.72	Differential effects of sodium nitroprusside and hydralazine in a rat model of topical FeCl3-induced carotid artery thrombosis. ( Bickel, DJ; Lyle, EA; Lynch, JJ; Robinson, MA; Welsh, DC, 2003)
"In this study, we investigated whether the potassium channel blocker, cesium chloride (CsCl), which is capable of producing early after-depolarizations (EADs) and polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmias resembling torsades de pointes, might exert similar effects in the atria."	3.70	Cesium-induced atrial tachycardia degenerating into atrial fibrillation in dogs: atrial torsades de pointes? ( Satoh, T; Zipes, DP, 1998)
"Previous studies have shown that the autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the genesis of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with long QT syndrome, and in cesium chloride (Cs)-induced VT in animals."	3.70	Baroreflex sensitivity predicts the induction of ventricular arrhythmias by cesium chloride in rabbits. ( Ishida, S; Ito, M; Nakagawa, M; Ou, B; Ri, C; Saikawa, T; Takahashi, N; Yonemochi, H, 1999)
"The aims of this study were to investigate (a) if renal Na(+) handling was normal in Cftr(tm2cam) delta F508 cystic fibrosis mice, (b) whether adaptation to dietary salt depletion was preserved and (c) whether Cftr(tm2cam) delta F508 mice exhibited enhanced amiloride-sensitive Na(+) absorption."	3.70	Evidence for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-dependent sodium reabsorption in kidney, using Cftr(tm2cam) mice. ( Colledge, WH; Green, R; Kibble, JD; Neal, AM; Taylor, CJ, 2000)
" This study examines the effects of chronic lithium administration on changes induced by amphetamine administration and withdrawal on open field locomotor activity of rats, and considered as an animal model of behaviors displayed in bipolar disorders."	3.68	Effects of lithium on an amphetamine animal model of bipolar disorder. ( Cappeliez, P; Moore, E, 1990)
"The antiarrhythmic activity of IST was studied on some experimental models of cardiac arrhythmia--caused by adrenaline in rats, caused by barium in non-narcotized rabbits, caused by strophanthin in guinea pigs, caused by aconitine and calcium in rats."	3.68	[The anti-arrhythmia activity of isoteolin (IST)]. ( Iakimov, G; Markov, M; Zheliazkov, D, 1990)
"Lithium chloride was evaluated as a potential protective agent against ethanol-induced hemorrhagic gastritis in rats."	3.67	Lithium chloride: protective and antisecretory properties in rats. ( Boedeker, B; Hickey, TM; Johnson, LF; Wilkinson, DS; Wong, RK, 1984)
"Aluminum chloride treatment significantly caused cognitive dysfunction and mitochondria oxidative damage as compared to vehicle treated control group."	2.78	Naringin protects memory impairment and mitochondrial oxidative damage against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity in rats. ( Kumar, A; Prakash, A; Shur, B, 2013)
"It can lead to pulmonary embolism with severe respiratory insufficiency and risk of death."	2.66	By word of mouse: using animal models in venous thrombosis research. ( Brill, A; Campos, J, 2020)
"Thrombosis is one of the major causes of human death worldwide."	2.50	Involvement of neutrophils in thrombus formation in living mice. ( Darbousset, R; Dignat-George, F; Dubois, C; Mezouar, S; Panicot-Dubois, L, 2014)
"Mouse models of venous thrombosis contribute to our understanding of the initiation, propagation, and resolution of venous thrombus, as well as allow for the evaluation of new pharmaceutical approaches to prophylaxis and treatment of deep vein thrombosis."	2.48	Critical review of mouse models of venous thrombosis. ( Diaz, JA; Henke, PK; Mackman, N; Myers, DD; Obi, AT; Wakefield, TW; Wrobleski, SK, 2012)
"Mouse models of thrombosis have extended our understanding of the role of tissue factor (TF) in thrombogenesis."	2.46	Tissue factor and thrombosis models. ( Gross, PL; Kretz, CA; Vaezzadeh, N, 2010)
"To fully characterize thrombus formation in these settings, in vivo models are necessary to study the various components and intricate interactions that are involved."	2.44	Murine models of vascular thrombosis (Eitzman series). ( Eitzman, DT; Westrick, RJ; Winn, ME, 2007)
"Disinhibition during early stages of Alzheimer's disease is postulated to cause network dysfunction and hyperexcitability leading to cognitive deficits."	1.91	Restoring neuronal chloride extrusion reverses cognitive decline linked to Alzheimer's disease mutations. ( Barbeau, A; Bourbonnais, J; De Koninck, Y; Degagne, P; Dudley, JC; Froux, L; Godin, AG; Hamel, JP; Inayat, S; Isabel, D; Keramidis, I; McAllister, BB; Mohajerani, MH; Nazari, M; Paquet, ME; Rezaei, E; Sansonetti, R; Wang, F, 2023)
"Treatment with panduratin A reduced the number of renal cyst colonies corresponding with a decrease in cell proliferation and phosphorylated p70/S6K, a downstream target of mTOR signaling."	1.72	Pharmacological Effects of Panduratin A on Renal Cyst Development in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Polycystic Kidney Disease. ( Chabang, N; Fongsupa, S; Soodvilai, S; Srimai, N; Tonum, K; Torres, JA; Tuchinda, P; Weimbs, T, 2022)
"Amyloid plaques are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that develop in its earliest stages."	1.62	In vivo multi-parametric manganese-enhanced MRI for detecting amyloid plaques in rodent models of Alzheimer's disease. ( Ballard, C; Baraldo, M; Cash, D; Di Censo, D; Dickie, BR; Killick, R; Kim, E; Randall, K; Rosa, I; Simmons, C; Williams, SCR, 2021)
"Pretreatment with diminazene aceturate, a small molecule with ability to inhibit acid detection through blockade of the acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) at the doses provided, did not prevent acid-induced pathologic mucus or transport defects but did mitigate airway obstruction."	1.56	Acid exposure disrupts mucus secretion and impairs mucociliary transport in neonatal piglet airways. ( Atanasova, KR; Bravo, L; Collins, EN; Dadural, JS; Eken, E; Guevara, MV; Kuan, SP; Liao, YSJ; Reznikov, LR; Schurmann, V; Sponchiado, M; Vogt, K, 2020)
"After intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), brain edema commonly occurs and can cause death."	1.51	Failure of bumetanide to improve outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in rat. ( Aziz, JR; Brar, PS; Clark, JJA; Colbourne, F; Fedor, BA; Nadeau, CA; Wilkinson, CM, 2019)
"Leading experts in venous thrombosis research came together through the American Venous Forum to develop a consensus on maximizing the utility and application of available mouse models of venous thrombosis."	1.51	Choosing a Mouse Model of Venous Thrombosis. ( Cooley, B; Diaz, JA; Grover, SP; Henke, PK; Lal, BK; Mackman, N; Palmer, OR; Saha, P; Smith, A; Wakefield, TW, 2019)
"Prostate cancer was the most common form and had the second highest death rate of male cancer in the United States in 2015."	1.51	Photoacoustic imaging of clofazimine hydrochloride nanoparticle accumulation in cancerous vs normal prostates. ( Murashov, MD; Rosania, GR; Tan, JWY; Wang, X, 2019)
"40% ferric chloride (FeCl3) was administered for 5min followed by thrombin injection to induce superior sagittal sinus thrombosis (SSST)."	1.48	A rabbit model of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis established by ferric chloride and thrombin injection. ( Deng, X; Guo, XB; Sheng, G; Wei, Y, 2018)
"Using the spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain in Long-Evans rats, we first discovered a significant increase in noradrenergic innervation within the mPFC of nerve-injured compared to control animals."	1.48	Noradrenergic fiber sprouting and altered transduction in neuropathic prefrontal cortex. ( Cordeiro Matos, S; Longo, G; Ribeiro-da-Silva, A; Séguéla, P; Zamfir, M, 2018)
"Deferoxamine was administered intraperitoneally for 3 consecutive days after GMH/iron trichloride."	1.48	Targeting Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage-Induced Overexpression of Sodium-Coupled Bicarbonate Exchanger Reduces Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Formation in Neonatal Rats. ( Ding, Y; Krafft, P; Li, Q; Wan, W; Wu, G; Yan, F; Zhan, Q; Zhang, JH; Zhang, Y, 2018)
"KPI and KPIHSA similarly reduced thrombus size and occlusion in both venous and arterial thrombosis models when administered at the time of injury, but only KPI was effective when administered one hour before injury."	1.48	Fusion to Human Serum Albumin Extends the Circulatory Half-Life and Duration of Antithrombotic Action of the Kunitz Protease Inhibitor Domain of Protease Nexin 2. ( Bhakta, V; Eltringham-Smith, LJ; Sheffield, WP, 2018)
"Finally, a rat model of manganese poisoning was identified with the TH expression less than 30% of the normal value."	1.48	Exploration of the establishment of manganese poisoning rat model and analysis of discriminant methods. ( Chen, C; Guo, S; Tian, Y; Yan, Y; Zhao, L, 2018)
"In addition, a mouse venous thrombosis model was constructed and treated with miR-126-Exo to clarify the therapeutic effect of miR-126-Exo by histological analysis."	1.48	Endothelial progenitor cell-derived exosomes, loaded with miR-126, promoted deep vein thrombosis resolution and recanalization. ( Liu, X; Lu, D; Ma, T; Meng, Q; Shen, Z; Sun, J; Yang, J; Yang, Z; Zhang, J; Zhang, Z, 2018)
"Pompe disease is a metabolic myopathy that is caused by glycogen accumulation as a result of deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha glucosidase (GAA)."	1.48	Satellite cells maintain regenerative capacity but fail to repair disease-associated muscle damage in mice with Pompe disease. ( Boomaars, B; Cardone, M; de Jong, B; In 't Groen, SLM; Parenti, G; Pijnappel, WWMP; Schaaf, GJ; Tarallo, A; van der Ploeg, AT; van Gestel, TJM, 2018)
"In most witnessed cases of SUDEP generalized seizures and respiratory failure preceded death, and pre-mortem neuroimaging studies in SUDEP patients observed changes in specific subcortical structures."	1.46	Specific subcortical structures are activated during seizure-induced death in a model of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP): A manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging study. ( Brozoski, TJ; Faingold, CL; Kommajosyula, SP; Odintsov, BM; Randall, ME, 2017)
"Thrombosis is a main cause of acute cardiovascular events, and detecting thrombi in small arteries via noninvasive imaging remains challenging."	1.46	Photoacoustic Imaging: A Novel Tool for Detecting Carotid Artery Thrombosis in Mice. ( Fan, Q; Fu, C; Li, B; Ma, G; Yao, Y, 2017)
"Since insulin resistance is a hallmark in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, this study aimed at investigating if zinc supplementation is able to improve glucose tolerance and β-cell function in a model of insulin resistance."	1.46	Zinc Supplementation Improves Glucose Homeostasis in High Fat-Fed Mice by Enhancing Pancreatic β-Cell Function. ( Abdulkader, F; Carpinelli, AR; Cooper-Capetini, V; de Vasconcelos, DAA; Donato, J; Hirabara, SM; Martins, AR, 2017)
" The result of the present study indicated that the chronic administration of AlCl3 induced significant learning and memory impairments, oxidative stress, and alterations in the protein immunocontent patterns of IDE and CDK5 (enzymes involved in the metabolism of tau and amyloid proteins), pTau, GFAP and Iba-1, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, NF-κB, COX-2, CDK5, BDNF, and STAT3."	1.46	Fenugreek Seed Powder Attenuated Aluminum Chloride-Induced Tau Pathology, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ( Guillemin, GJ; Justin Thenmozhi, A; Manivasagam, T; Mohamed Essa, M; Prema, A, 2017)
"Platelet adhesion and in vitro thrombus formation under high arterial shear rates (1,700 s(-1)) were significantly augmented in cd44(-/-) mice."	1.43	CD44 sensitivity of platelet activation, membrane scrambling and adhesion under high arterial shear rates. ( Alzoubi, K; Borst, O; Chatterjee, M; Chen, H; Elvira, B; Föller, M; Gawaz, M; Lang, F; Liu, G; Luo, D; Mak, TW; Münzer, P; Umbach, AT; Voelkl, J; Walker, B, 2016)
"Tamoxifen treatment reduced FeCl2-induced brain edema in male mice."	1.43	Effects of Gender and Estrogen Receptors on Iron-Induced Brain Edema Formation. ( Hua, Y; Keep, RF; Xi, G; Xie, Q, 2016)
"Treatment with vanillin in different doses and donepezil have significantly ameliorated i."	1.43	Protective effect of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) modulator, against behavioral, biochemical and structural damage in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease. ( Jayant, S; Sharma, B; Sharma, BM, 2016)
"Treatment with tubacin prevented cyst formation in MDCK cells, an in vitro model of cystogenesis."	1.43	Inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 activity reduces cyst growth in polycystic kidney disease. ( Boinot, C; Cebotaru, L; Cebotaru, V; Guggino, WB; Huso, DL; Liu, Q; Outeda, P; Watnick, T; Yanda, MK, 2016)
"Dual treatment with aspirin (5 mg kg(-1) ) and clopidogel (0."	1.43	A rabbit model of cerebral microembolic signals for translational research: preclinical validation for aspirin and clopidogrel. ( Chu, L; Desai, K; Gutstein, DE; Kurowski, S; Seiffert, D; Wang, X; Wu, W; Zhou, X, 2016)
"Ginsenosides could also increase γ-aminobutyric acid, acetylcholine, and dopamine levels and decrease glutamate and aspartic acid levels in the hippocampus and cortex and increase glycine and serotonin levels in the blood."	1.43	Ginsenosides attenuate d-galactose- and AlCl ( Liu, Z; Pi, Z; Song, F; Zhang, Y, 2016)
"Acute and subacute administration of zinc exert neuroprotective effects in hypoxia-ischemia animal models; yet the effect of chronic administration of zinc still remains unknown."	1.43	Prophylactic Chronic Zinc Administration Increases Neuroinflammation in a Hypoxia-Ischemia Model. ( Aguilar-Carrasco, LA; Aguilar-Peralta, AK; Blanco-Alvarez, VM; Brambila, E; Cebada, J; Garate-Morales, JL; Garcia-Robles, G; Gonzalez-Barrios, JA; Gonzalez-Vazquez, A; Leon-Chavez, BA; Limón, DI; Martinez-Fong, D; Soto-Rodriguez, G; Tomas-Sanchez, C; Torres-Soto, M, 2016)
"L-Theanine is an amino acid derivative primarily found in tea."	1.42	Protective effect of L-Theanine against aluminium induced neurotoxicity in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of rat brain - histopathological, and biochemical approach. ( Shobana, C; Sumathi, T; Thangarajeswari, M; Usha, R, 2015)
"In vitro extracellular CyPA enhanced thrombus formation even in CyPA(-/-) platelets."	1.42	Extracellular cyclophilin A activates platelets via EMMPRIN (CD147) and PI3K/Akt signaling, which promotes platelet adhesion and thrombus formation in vitro and in vivo. ( Borst, O; Chatterjee, M; Fischer, G; Gawaz, M; Heinzmann, D; Lang, F; Langer, H; Mack, AF; Malešević, M; May, AE; Münzer, P; Schmidt, EM; Schönberger, T; Seizer, P; Ungern-Sternberg, SN, 2015)
"Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) fibrils accompanied with progressive neurite loss."	1.42	A newly designed molecule J2326 for Alzheimer's disease disaggregates amyloid fibrils and induces neurite outgrowth. ( Chang, PT; Chen, CS; Chen, GS; Chern, JW; Chern, TR; Deore, RR; Huang, CW; Kung, FL; Lai, SY; Lin, JH; Talekar, RS; Yang, MY; Ye, QQ; Yu, CW, 2015)
"Melatonin pretreatment of the AlCl3 -administered rats reduced brain damage, and the tissues appeared like those of the control rats."	1.42	The protective properties of melatonin against aluminium-induced neuronal injury. ( Abdel Moneim, AE; Al-Olayan, EM; El-Khadragy, MF, 2015)
"Acteoside was administered intragastrically at doses of 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg/day for 30 days after AD was induced."	1.42	The Mechanism of Memory Enhancement of Acteoside (Verbascoside) in the Senescent Mouse Model Induced by a Combination of D-gal and AlCl3. ( Gao, L; Huo, SX; Liu, XM; Peng, XM; Yan, M, 2015)
"Cyst enlargement in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) requires the transepithelial secretion of fluid into the cyst lumen."	1.42	Ouabain Regulates CFTR-Mediated Anion Secretion and Na,K-ATPase Transport in ADPKD Cells. ( Blanco, G; Calvet, JP; Jansson, K; Magenheimer, BS; Reif, GA; Sánchez, G; Venugopal, J; Wallace, DP, 2015)
"Anfibatide also inhibited thrombus growth at low shear conditions, though less than at high shear."	1.40	Anfibatide, a novel GPIb complex antagonist, inhibits platelet adhesion and thrombus formation in vitro and in vivo in murine models of thrombosis. ( Dai, X; Hou, Y; Lei, X; Li, BX; Liang, C; Marshall, AH; Ni, H; Reheman, A; Vanhoorelbeke, K; Wang, Y; Zhou, H, 2014)
"In vitro thrombus formation at shear rates of 1700 s(-1) and in vivo thrombus formation after FeCl3 injury were significantly blunted in Smpd1(-/-) mice while bleeding time was unaffected."	1.40	Acid sphingomyelinase regulates platelet cell membrane scrambling, secretion, and thrombus formation. ( Borst, O; Chatterjee, M; Cosemans, JM; Elvers, M; Feijge, MA; Ferlinz, K; Gawaz, M; Gulbins, E; Heemskerk, JW; Lang, F; Leibrock, C; May, AE; Münzer, P; Schaller, M; Schmid, E; Schmidt, EM; Schmidt, S; Seizer, P; Towhid, ST; Walker, B, 2014)
" Animal models of IFN-α-induced depression (sickness behaviour) have been developed in rodents using various preparations, dosing schedules or routes of administrations."	1.40	Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging investigation of the interferon-α model of depression in rats. ( Bifone, A; Corsi, M; Daducci, A; Fabene, PF; Fiorini, S; Marzola, P; Osculati, F; Sbarbati, A; Tambalo, S; Teti, M, 2014)
"Morphometric analysis of neointima formation revealed a significantly increased area and thickness of the neointima and subsequently increased luminal stenosis in carotid arteries of PZ(-/-) mice compared to PZ(+/+) mice (p < 0."	1.40	Protein Z-deficiency is associated with enhanced neointima formation and inflammatory response after vascular injury in mice. ( Bierhansl, L; Butschkau, A; Genz, B; Vollmar, B; Wagner, NM, 2014)
"Venous thrombosis was induced by electrolytic stimulus to the femoral vein or inferior vena cava ligation."	1.39	Elevated prothrombin promotes venous, but not arterial, thrombosis in mice. ( Aleman, MM; Byrnes, JR; Cooley, BC; Heisler, MJ; Machlus, KR; Walton, BL; Wang, JG; Wolberg, AS, 2013)
"Optic neuritis is a common manifestation of multiple sclerosis, an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS."	1.39	Calcium influx and calpain activation mediate preclinical retinal neurodegeneration in autoimmune optic neuritis. ( Bahr, BA; Bojcevski, J; Diem, R; Fairless, R; Hoffmann, DB; Müller, A; Naidoo, V; Stadelmann, C; Williams, SK, 2013)
"Although trigeminal neuropathic pain is one of the most common chronic pain syndromes, the etiology is still unknown."	1.39	Pre- and post-synaptic switches of GABA actions associated with Cl- homeostatic changes are induced in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. ( Fukuda, A; Furukawa, T; Inoue, K; Kumada, T; Sato, K; Watanabe, M; Wei, B, 2013)
"GDF-15(-/-) mice showed an accelerated thrombus formation and a reduced survival rate after collagen-induced pulmonary thromboembolism."	1.39	GDF-15 prevents platelet integrin activation and thrombus formation. ( Rossaint, J; Vestweber, D; Zarbock, A, 2013)
"Both models had left ventricular hypertrophy at the later age compared to WT, though the mdx mice had reduced stroke volumes and the Sgcd -/- mice increased heart rate and cardiac index."	1.39	Heterogeneous abnormalities of in-vivo left ventricular calcium influx and function in mouse models of muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathy. ( Blain, A; Blamire, A; Davison, BJ; Greally, E; Laval, S; MacGowan, GA; Straub, V, 2013)
"In verapamil-treated mice, no contrast enhancement was observed."	1.38	In vivo imaging of human breast cancer mouse model with high level expression of calcium sensing receptor at 3T. ( Baio, G; Carbotti, G; Cilli, M; Emionite, L; Fabbi, M; Ghedin, P; Neumaier, CE; Prato, S; Salvi, S; Tagliafico, A; Truini, M, 2012)
" Either fucoidan or heparin was dosed at 0."	1.38	An antithrombotic fucoidan, unlike heparin, does not prolong bleeding time in a murine arterial thrombosis model: a comparative study of Undaria pinnatifida sporophylls and Fucus vesiculosus. ( Kim, JK; Kwon, OC; Lee, S; Min, SK; Park, KH, 2012)
"Animal models studying venous thrombosis are scarce and, in most cases, very crude and rely on sacrificing the animals to excise formed thrombi."	1.38	In vivo monitoring of venous thrombosis in mice. ( Aghourian, MN; Blostein, MD; Lemarié, CA, 2012)
" Colon-targeted, intraluminal delivery of 5-HT(4)R agonists might be used to promote motility and alleviate visceral pain, while restricting systemic bioavailability and resulting adverse side effects."	1.38	Activation of colonic mucosal 5-HT(4) receptors accelerates propulsive motility and inhibits visceral hypersensitivity. ( Balemba, OB; Brooks, EM; Galligan, JJ; Greenwood-Van Meerveld, B; Hoffman, JM; Johnson, AC; MacEachern, SJ; Mawe, GM; Moses, PL; Sharkey, KA; Swain, GM; Tyler, K; Zhao, H, 2012)
"Osteoporosis affects the craniofacial and oral structures and has been associated with periodontal bone loss, tooth loss and reduced jaw bone mass."	1.38	Oral bone loss induced by mineral deficiency in a rat model: effect of a synthetic bone mineral (SBM) preparation. ( Dias, R; Kulkarni, A; LeGeros, RZ; Lewis, K; Mijares, D; Tannous, S; Xi, Q; Yao, F, 2012)
"In this experimental study, we labelled prostate cancer cells with MnCl2 or SPIOs in vitro and used 1 T MRI for tracing labelled cells in-vitro and 7 T MRI for tracking in an in-vivo animal model."	1.38	Longitudinal MRI contrast enhanced monitoring of early tumour development with manganese chloride (MnCl2) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) in a CT1258 based in vivo model of prostate cancer. ( Bullerdiek, J; Dorsch, M; Glage, S; Hedrich, H; Meier, M; Meyer, M; Murua Escobar, H; Nolte, I; Sterenczak, KA; Wefstaedt, P; Willenbrock, S, 2012)
"Venous thrombosis is augmented by overexpression of the cellular senescence protein p16(INK4a)."	1.37	Overexpression of the cell cycle inhibitor p16INK4a promotes a prothrombotic phenotype following vascular injury in mice. ( Cardenas, JC; Church, FC; Krishnamurthy, J; Owens, AP; Sharpless, NE; Whinna, HC, 2011)
"Alzheimer's disease was produced in young female ovariectomized rats by intraperitoneal administration of AlCl(3) (4."	1.37	Neuroprotective effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in rat model of Alzheimer's disease. ( Ahmed, HH; Aly, HF; Metwally, FM, 2011)
"Variable thrombocytopenia was observed in mice expressing 2B VWF, mimicking the severity seen in 2B VWD patients: mice expressing the V1316M mutation showed the most severe thrombocytopenia."	1.36	Mutation-specific hemostatic variability in mice expressing common type 2B von Willebrand disease substitutions. ( Golder, M; Hegadorn, C; Laverty, K; Lillicrap, D; Mewburn, J; Pruss, CM; Sponagle, K, 2010)
"Protein infusion of FIX-Triple into haemophilia B mice was not thrombogenic, even at a dose of 13-fold higher than FIX-WT."	1.36	FIX-Triple, a gain-of-function factor IX variant, improves haemostasis in mouse models without increased risk of thrombosis. ( Kao, CY; Kao, JT; Lin, CN; Lin, SW; Shi, GY; Tao, MH; Wu, HL; Yang, YL; Yu, IS, 2010)
"The development and application of animal models of thrombosis have played a crucial role in the discovery and validation of novel drug targets and the selection of new agents for clinical evaluation, and have informed dosing and safety information for clinical trials."	1.36	In vivo models for the evaluation of antithrombotics and thrombolytics. ( Mousa, SA, 2010)
"Subclinical hypothyroidism has been linked to cystic fibrosis, and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) shown to be expressed in the thyroid."	1.36	Altered ion transport by thyroid epithelia from CFTR(-/-) pigs suggests mechanisms for hypothyroidism in cystic fibrosis. ( Fong, P; Ganta, S; Li, H, 2010)
"Dalteparin was used as a reference compound."	1.36	Evaluation of AR-H067637, the active metabolite of the new direct thrombin inhibitor AZD0837, in models of venous and arterial thrombosis and bleeding in anaesthetised rats. ( Elg, M; Johansson, K; Kjaer, M; Pehrsson, S, 2010)
"Gene therapy for severe von Willebrand disease (vWD) seems an interesting treatment alternative with long-term therapeutic potential."	1.35	Restoration of plasma von Willebrand factor deficiency is sufficient to correct thrombus formation after gene therapy for severe von Willebrand disease. ( Chuah, MK; De Meyer, SF; Deckmyn, H; Lenting, PJ; Pareyn, I; Petrus, I; VandenDriessche, T; Vandeputte, N; Vanhoorelbeke, K, 2008)
"Development of behavioral Racine seizure stages was recorded by a blinded investigator."	1.35	Hippocampal zinc infusion delays the development of afterdischarges and seizures in a kindling model of epilepsy. ( Elsas, SM; Gregory, WL; Hazany, S; Mody, I, 2009)
"Sanjoinine A also significantly blocked seizure-form electroencephalogram alterations induced by KA."	1.35	Sanjoinine A isolated from Semen Zizyphi Spinosi protects against kainic acid-induced convulsions. ( Hong, JT; Jo, YJ; Kim, HC; Kim, YB; Nam, SY; Oh, KW; Yang, S; Yoon, SR, 2009)
"This study compared arterial to venous thrombosis in the mutationally analogous Factor V Leiden mouse."	1.34	Increased venous versus arterial thrombosis in the Factor V Leiden mouse. ( Chen, CY; Cooley, BC; Schmeling, G, 2007)
"Vena cava thrombosis was induced by either oxidative injury to topical FeCl(2) (FeCl(2)-VT) or stenosis-limited blood flow and a hypotonic pressure stress (stasis-VT) in rats."	1.34	Quantification of platelet composition in experimental venous thrombosis by real-time polymerase chain reaction. ( Hsu, MY; Monticello, TM; Schumacher, WA; Steinbacher, TE; Wang, X, 2007)
"Malathion is an organophosphate widely used as an insecticide in agriculture and in public health programs, causing risk to human health."	1.34	Zinc attenuates malathion-induced depressant-like behavior and confers neuroprotection in the rat brain. ( Assini, F; Brocardo, PS; Dafre, AL; Franco, JL; Müller, YM; Pandolfo, P; Rodrigues, AL; Takahashi, RN, 2007)
"In a model of ferric-chloride-induced carotid artery thrombosis, hyperglycemia did not influence the time to occlusion in mice pretreated with streptozotocin, but the rate of thrombus formation was accelerated."	1.34	Hyperglycemia accelerates arterial thrombus formation and attenuates the antithrombotic response to endotoxin in mice. ( Bevers, E; Bruggemann, L; Hansen, HR; Hauer, AD; Kuiper, J; Reitsma, PH; Sommeijer, DW; Spek, CA; Spronk, HM; ten Cate, H; Wolfs, JL, 2007)
"Ferric chloride has been widely used to induce arterial thrombosis in a variety of species."	1.33	An optimized murine model of ferric chloride-induced arterial thrombosis for thrombosis research. ( Wang, X; Xu, L, 2005)
" Dose-response studies identified a PCI dose (5 mg kg(-1) bolus plus 5 mg kg(-1) h(-1), i."	1.33	Murine model of ferric chloride-induced vena cava thrombosis: evidence for effect of potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor. ( Hsu, MY; Ogletree, ML; Schumacher, WA; Smith, PL; Wang, X, 2006)
" A dose-response study using the CoN-sensitized group showed that the concentration of CoCl2 required to elicit a skin reaction of similar extent in comparison with CoN was more than 10 times higher, when skin-reaction scores were compared on the basis of cobalt content."	1.33	Allergenicity and cross-reactivity of naphthenic acid and its metallic salts in experimental animals. ( Noda, T; Shimizu, M; Yamano, T, 2006)
"Spontaneous torsades de pointes arrhythmias were never observed, nor could they be induced with programmed electrical stimulation under any of the conditions studied."	1.33	Cellular basis for electrocardiographic and arrhythmic manifestations of Andersen-Tawil syndrome (LQT7). ( Antzelevitch, C; Tsuboi, M, 2006)
"High-grade gliomas are devastating brain tumors associated with a mean survival of <50 weeks."	1.33	High-grade glioma formation results from postnatal pten loss or mutant epidermal growth factor receptor expression in a transgenic mouse glioma model. ( Bajenaru, ML; Bock, NA; Clarke, L; Guha, A; Gutmann, DH; Henkelman, RM; Herlyn, D; Kaplan, D; Karim, Z; Lavoie, JF; Purev, E; Qian, B; Reti, R; Sabha, N; Scheidenhelm, DK; Shannon, P; Swoboda, R; Tong, A; Wei, Q, 2006)
"Ventricular fibrillation was induced with a right ventricular catheter electrode, and the chest was compressed with a pneumatically driven Chest Thumper (Michigan Instruments) (80-100 lb at 60/min)."	1.33	The natural biochemical changes during ventricular fibrillation with cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the onset of postdefibrillation pulseless electrical activity. ( Geddes, LA; Kemeny, AE; Lottes, AE; Otlewski, MP; Roeder, RA; Rundell, AE, 2006)
"Incidence of arrhythmias during ischemia and reperfusion, including ventricular premature beats and ventricular fibrillation, was significantly decreased in the SQS-pretreated group (P<0."	1.32	Effects of sasanquasaponin on ischemia and reperfusion injury in mouse hearts. ( Chen, YZ; He, M; Huang, Q; Lai, ZF; Nishi, K; Shao, Z, 2004)
" The dosage of 230 mg/kg of nicotinamide given intraperitoneally 15 min before STZ administration (65 mg/kg i."	1.32	Alterations in vascular endothelial function in the aorta and mesenteric artery in type II diabetic rats. ( Kamata, K; Kobayashi, T; Matsumoto, T; Wakabayashi, K, 2004)
"The risk of seizures increases to the extent that the injury is associated with sub-arachnoid hemorrhage and hematoma."	1.32	Lipoic acid pretreatment attenuates ferric chloride-induced seizures in the rat. ( Lee, JK; Meyerhoff, JL; Rittase, BW; Tsang, AY; Yourick, DL, 2004)
"Despite frequent arrhythmia and sudden death in heart failure, attempts to study arrhythmia mechanisms in patients are difficult."	1.31	Spontaneous, electrically, and cesium chloride induced arrhythmia and afterdepolarizations in the rapidly paced dog heart. ( Jones, DL; Li, HG; Petrie, JP, 2001)
"Taurine is a beta-aminosulfonic acid and is a ubiquitous amino acid whose role in the cochlea is not well established."	1.30	Taurine entry into perilymph of the guinea pig. ( Angelini, E; Aran, JM; Ferrary, E; Teixeira, M, 1998)
"Glutaraldehyde pretreatment did not affect calcification (Ca(2+) = 89."	1.30	Elastin calcification and its prevention with aluminum chloride pretreatment. ( Levy, RJ; Ogle, M; Schoen, FJ; Vyavahare, N, 1999)
"Cadmium pretreatment caused inhibition of the first peak of liver regeneration, while metallothionein expression was markedly more prominent in the liver residues of cadmium-pretreated rats."	1.29	Metallothionein expression during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in cadmium-pretreated rats. ( Koutselinis, A; Margeli, AP; Spiliopoulou, C; Theocharis, SE; Yannacou, NN, 1994)
"jejuni."	1.29	Inflammatory and phagocytic response to experimental Campylobacter jejuni infection in mice. ( Alvarez de Cienfuegos, G; Alvarez, C; de Pablo, M; Gallego, AM; Ortega, E; Pancorbo, PL, 1994)
"Aspirin (50 mg."	1.29	[A rat middle cerebral artery thrombosis model for evaluation of thrombolytic and antithrombotic agents]. ( Liu, XG; Xu, LN, 1995)
"An experimental model of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis was made by suture of the pyloric wall and gastrostomy in 10 rabbits under general anesthesia."	1.28	Hemoperfusion with a new anion exchange resin corrects the metabolic alkalosis in pyloric stenosis: an experimental demonstration. ( Balestri, M; Bonomini, V; Cianciolo, G; Colì, L; Faenza, S; Fini, M; Giardino, R; Martinelli, G; Spighi, M; Stefoni, S, 1992)
"Lung hydroxyproline concentration was characterized as a marker of lung collagen."	1.28	Stimulation of rat alveolar macrophage fibronectin release in a cadmium chloride model of lung injury and fibrosis. ( Asquith, T; Driscoll, KE; Higgins, J; Maurer, JK; Miller, NS; Poynter, J, 1992)
"Aluminum encephalopathy was formed in rabbits as a result of intraventricular administration of aluminum chloride."	1.28	[Pathological changes in the central nervous system studied on the model of aluminum encephalopathy]. ( Butikova, VI; Polonskaia, EL; Zhirov, SV, 1990)
"Hyponatremia was not observed."	1.28	Fluid and ion redistribution in skeletal muscle in an animal sepsis model. ( Boston, VE; Hannon, RJ, 1990)
"Septic shock was induced in adult baboons by the infusion of live Escherichia coli."	1.27	Changes in red blood cell transmembrane potential, electrolytes, and energy content in septic shock. ( Illner, H; Peitzman, AB; Shires, GT, 1983)
"Pancreatitis was induced in the other 11 by autologous bile injection (1 ml/kg) into the pancreatic duct."	1.27	Serum calcium metabolism in acute experimental pancreatitis. ( Bermes, E; Izquierdo, R; Oslapas, R; Prinz, RA; Sandberg, L; Saxe, A, 1985)
"A state of renal tubular acidosis has been produced in rats by the administration of sodium maleate or acetazolamide (proximal tubular acidosis) and of lithium chloride of amiloride (distal tubular acidosis)."	1.26	[Urinary-blood delta PCO2 in renal tubular acidosis (author's transl)]. ( Aubert, E; Guignard, JP, 1980)
"), and a group of 15 male Wistar rats was given injections subcutaneously three times a week on alternate days at a dosage of 0."	1.26	Mesangial glomerulonephropathy with deposition of IgG, IgM, and C3 induced by mercuric chloride: a new model. ( Aikawa, M; Makker, SP, 1979)
"Thus, in contrast to human acute renal failure, marked renal cortical ischemia is not an essential feature of these different forms of murine acute renal failure."	1.26	Normal renocortical blood flow in experimental acute renal failure. ( Carvalho, JS; Churchill, S; Gottlieb, MN; Oken, DE; Zarlengo, MD, 1977)
"Grand mal seizures were observed in unanesthetized animals (+/-SD) 133+/-37 min after administration of insulin, at a time when brain glucose was normal, but brain tissue content of Na(+), K(+), osmoles, and water was significantly greater than normal."	1.25	Mechanisms of seizures and coma in hypoglycemia. Evidence for a direct effect of insulin on electrolyte transport in brain. ( Arieff, AI; Doerner, T; Massry, SG; Zelig, H, 1974)
"Use of digitalis in myocardial infarction is controversial."	1.25	Experimental myocardial infarction. VI. Efficacy and toxicity of digitalis in acute and healing phase in intact conscious dogs. ( Abelmann, WH; Gilmour, DP; Hood, WB; Joison, J; Kumar, B; Norman, JC, 1970)

Research

Studies (553)

Authors

Clinical Trials (14)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

6 Minute Walk Distance

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	77 (13.92)	18.7374
1990's	72 (13.02)	18.2507
2000's	144 (26.04)	29.6817
2010's	233 (42.13)	24.3611
2020's	27 (4.88)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Mironov, ME	1
Borisov, SA	1
Rybalova, TV	1
Baev, DS	1
Tolstikova, TG	1
Shults, EE	1
Howard, ZM	1
Rastogi, N	1
Lowe, J	1
Hauck, JS	1
Ingale, P	1
Gomatam, C	1
Gomez-Sanchez, CE	1
Gomez-Sanchez, EP	1
Bansal, SS	1
Rafael-Fortney, JA	1
He, Y	1
Lu, X	2
Liang, Z	1
Chen, T	1
Chen, C	3
Zhang, Y	10
Lei, W	1
Tonum, K	1
Srimai, N	1
Chabang, N	1
Fongsupa, S	1
Tuchinda, P	1
Torres, JA	1
Weimbs, T	1
Soodvilai, S	1
Woodman, R	1
Miller, C	1
Student, J	1
Freeman, K	1
Perl, D	1
Lockette, W	1
Chu, X	1
Zhang, X	2
Weng, B	1
Yin, X	1
Cai, C	1
Viegas, MPC	1
Santos, LEC	1
Aarão, MC	1
Cecilio, SG	1
Medrado, JM	1
Pires, AC	1
Rodrigues, AM	1
Scorza, CA	1
Moret, MA	1
Finsterer, J	1
Scorza, FA	1
Almeida, AG	1
Keramidis, I	1
McAllister, BB	1
Bourbonnais, J	1
Wang, F	3
Isabel, D	1
Rezaei, E	1
Sansonetti, R	1
Degagne, P	1
Hamel, JP	1
Nazari, M	1
Inayat, S	1
Dudley, JC	1
Barbeau, A	1
Froux, L	1
Paquet, ME	1
Godin, AG	2
Mohajerani, MH	1
De Koninck, Y	4
Al-Horani, RA	1
Abdelfadiel, EI	1
Afosah, DK	1
Morla, S	1
Sistla, JC	1
Mohammed, B	1
Martin, EJ	1
Sakagami, M	1
Brophy, DF	1
Desai, UR	1
Grover, SP	2
Mackman, N	5
Zhao, DM	1
Zhu, SQ	1
Wang, FR	1
Huang, SS	1
Campos, J	1
Brill, A	1
Morton, AB	1
Norton, CE	1
Jacobsen, NL	1
Fernando, CA	1
Cornelison, DDW	1
Segal, SS	1
Schewe, J	1
Seidel, E	1
Forslund, S	1
Marko, L	1
Peters, J	1
Muller, DN	1
Fahlke, C	1
Stölting, G	1
Scholl, U	1
Syeara, N	1
Alamri, FF	1
Jayaraman, S	1
Lee, P	1
Karamyan, ST	1
Arumugam, TV	1
Karamyan, VT	1
Karel, M	1
Hechler, B	2
Kuijpers, M	1
Cosemans, J	1
Lorenzo, LE	1
Ferrini, F	1
Bachand, K	2
Plasencia-Fernandez, I	1
Labrecque, S	1
Girard, AA	1
Boudreau, D	2
Kianicka, I	2
Gagnon, M	2
Doyon, N	1
Ribeiro-da-Silva, A	2
Luan, X	1
Tam, JS	1
Jagadeeshan, S	1
Grishchenko, N	1
Hassan, N	1
Gioino, P	1
Shipley, AM	1
Machen, TE	1
Ianowski, JP	1
Liao, YSJ	1
Kuan, SP	1
Guevara, MV	1
Collins, EN	1
Atanasova, KR	1
Dadural, JS	1
Vogt, K	1
Schurmann, V	1
Bravo, L	1
Eken, E	1
Sponchiado, M	1
Reznikov, LR	1
Huang, B	2
Qian, Y	2
Xie, S	1
Ye, X	1
Chen, H	3
Chen, Z	4
Zhang, L	4
Xu, J	3
Hu, H	3
Ma, S	1
Héroux, P	1
Wang, D	1
Shen, HM	1
Wu, Y	1
Xia, D	1
Yamani, A	1
Wu, D	2
Ahrens, R	1
Waggoner, L	1
Noah, TK	1
Garcia-Hernandez, V	1
Ptaschinski, C	1
Parkos, CA	1
Lukacs, NW	1
Nusrat, A	1
Hogan, SP	1
Wilbs, J	1
Kong, XD	1
Middendorp, SJ	1
Prince, R	1
Cooke, A	1
Demarest, CT	1
Abdelhafez, MM	1
Roberts, K	1
Umei, N	1
Gonschorek, P	1
Lamers, C	1
Deyle, K	1
Rieben, R	1
Cook, KE	1
Angelillo-Scherrer, A	1
Heinis, C	1
Cabrita, I	2
Kraus, A	1
Scholz, JK	1
Skoczynski, K	1
Schreiber, R	3
Kunzelmann, K	3
Buchholz, B	1
Zhang, HX	1
Zhang, CS	1
Huang, RZ	1
Cao, X	1
Dai, XQ	1
Zuo, CY	1
Lv, P	1
Zhu, LJ	1
Yu, SG	1
Zhao, Y	3
Wang, X	16
Shi, K	1
Li, J	3
Du, R	1
Vocale, LG	1
Crewther, S	1
Riddell, N	1
Hall, NE	1
Murphy, M	1
Crewther, D	1
Zagefka, H	1
Huynh, HP	1
Senger, AR	1
Derington, CG	1
Colantonio, LD	1
Herrick, JS	1
Cook, J	1
King, JB	1
Rosenson, RS	1
Poudel, B	1
Monda, KL	1
Navar, AM	1
Mues, KE	1
Stevens, VW	1
Nelson, RE	1
Vanneman, ME	1
Muntner, P	1
Bress, AP	1
Ma, B	1
Ren, G	1
Yin, C	1
Shi, Y	2
Rahsepar, AA	1
Bluemke, DA	1
Habibi, M	1
Liu, K	1
Kawel-Boehm, N	1
Ambale-Venkatesh, B	1
Fernandes, VRS	1
Rosen, BD	1
Lima, JAC	1
Carr, JC	1
Freitag, TM	1
Chen-Sankey, JC	1
Duarte, DA	1
Ramsey, MW	1
Choi, K	1
Winkler-Heil, R	1
Hussain, M	1
Hofmann, W	1
Nicotera, AG	1
Dicanio, D	1
Pironti, E	1
Bonsignore, M	1
Cafeo, A	1
Efthymiou, S	1
Mondello, P	1
Salpietro, V	1
Houlden, H	1
Di Rosa, G	1
Hayes-Ryan, D	1
O'Donoghue, K	1
McCarthy, C	1
Totorika, A	1
Meaney, S	1
Pang, RD	1
Dormanesh, A	1
Hoang, Y	1
Chu, M	1
Allem, JP	1
Girón-Ortega, JA	1
Márquez-Coello, M	1
Gutiérrez-Saborido, D	1
Arizcorreta, A	1
Cuesta-Sancho, S	1
Girón-González, JA	1
Dovrat, G	1
Pevzner, S	1
Berthon, C	1
Lerner, A	1
Maimon, E	1
Vainer, R	1
Karpasas, M	1
Ben-Elyiahu, Y	1
Moisy, P	1
Bettelheim, A	1
Zilbermann, I	1
Vanden Broeck, SMP	1
Nelson, DJ	1
Collado, A	1
Falivene, L	1
Cavallo, L	1
Cordes, DB	1
Slawin, AMZ	1
Van Hecke, K	1
Nahra, F	1
Cazin, CSJ	1
Nolan, SP	1
Kranidiotis-Hisatomi, N	1
Yi, H	1
Oestreich, M	1
Kwiezinski, C	1
Weller, C	1
van Pinxteren, D	1
Brüggemann, M	1
Mertes, S	1
Stratmann, F	1
Herrmann, H	1
Treggiari, D	1
Tridello, G	1
Menin, L	1
Borruso, A	1
Pintani, E	1
Iansa, P	1
Cipolli, M	1
Melotti, P	1
Ren, L	1
Liu, L	3
Shu, X	1
Lin, W	1
Yang, P	1
Chen, J	2
Teo, KL	1
Xiao, F	2
Wang, H	3
Yao, T	1
Zhao, X	1
Yang, X	3
Yu, DYW	1
Rogach, AL	1
Bordet, A	1
Leitner, W	1
Gao, S	2
Xia, F	1
Li, B	3
Abdul Razak, IB	1
Liu, Y	4
Lu, K	1
Brown, DE	1
Wang, R	2
Cheng, Y	1
Ni, S	1
Qu, H	1
Xing, H	1
Xu, Z	2
Zhu, X	1
Yuan, M	1
Wang, L	1
Yu, J	1
Li, Y	6
Yang, L	1
Liu, H	2
Cao, L	1
Zhang, S	7
Zhao, D	1
Yan, T	1
Yang, G	1
Lin, Z	1
Luo, M	2
Ye, N	1
Lee, SW	1
Carnicelli, J	1
Getya, D	1
Gitsov, I	1
Phillips, KS	1
Ren, D	1
Grützmacher, PG	1
Suarez, S	1
Tolosa, A	1
Gachot, C	1
Song, G	1
Wang, B	3
Presser, V	1
Mücklich, F	1
Anasori, B	1
Rosenkranz, A	1
Demireva, M	1
Armentrout, PB	1
Feng, D	1
Cao, K	1
He, ZZ	1
Knibbs, LD	1
Jalaludin, B	1
Leskinen, A	1
Roponen, M	1
Komppula, M	1
Jalava, P	1
Guo, PY	1
Xu, SL	1
Yang, BY	1
Hu, L	3
Zeng, XW	1
Chen, G	2
Yu, HY	1
Lin, L	1
Dong, G	1
Machulkin, AE	1
Shafikov, RR	1
Uspenskaya, AA	1
Petrov, SA	1
Ber, AP	1
Skvortsov, DA	1
Nimenko, EA	1
Zyk, NU	1
Smirnova, GB	1
Pokrovsky, VS	1
Abakumov, MA	1
Saltykova, IV	1
Akhmirov, RT	1
Garanina, AS	1
Polshakov, VI	1
Saveliev, OY	1
Ivanenkov, YA	1
Aladinskaya, AV	1
Finko, AV	1
Yamansarov, EU	1
Krasnovskaya, OO	1
Erofeev, AS	1
Gorelkin, PV	1
Dontsova, OA	1
Beloglazkina, EK	1
Zyk, NV	1
Khazanova, ES	1
Majouga, AG	1
Zheng, YK	1
Su, BJ	1
Wang, YQ	1
Wang, HS	1
Liao, HB	1
Liang, D	1
Shataer, D	1
Duan, XM	1
Xin, XL	1
Aisa, HA	1
Allu, SR	1
Ravotto, L	1
Troxler, T	1
Vinogradov, SA	1
Cheruku, RR	1
Tracy, EC	1
Tabaczynski, W	1
Missert, JR	1
Baumann, H	1
Pandey, RK	1
Rohde, JM	1
Karavadhi, S	1
Pragani, R	1
Fang, Y	1
Zhang, W	4
McIver, A	1
Zheng, H	1
Liu, Q	3
Davis, MI	1
Urban, DJ	1
Lee, TD	1
Cheff, DM	1
Hollingshead, M	1
Henderson, MJ	1
Martinez, NJ	1
Brimacombe, KR	1
Yasgar, A	1
Zhao, W	1
Klumpp-Thomas, C	1
Michael, S	1
Covey, J	1
Moore, WJ	1
Stott, GM	1
Li, Z	2
Simeonov, A	1
Jadhav, A	1
Frye, S	1
Hall, MD	1
Shen, M	1
Patnaik, S	1
Boxer, MB	1
Zhang, H	6
Cheng, C	2
Chen, R	1
Huang, Y	1
Pei, W	1
Katahara, S	1
Sugiyama, Y	1
Yamane, M	1
Komiya, Y	1
Sato, T	2
Chida, N	1
Parrini, M	1
Naskar, S	1
Alberti, M	1
Colombi, I	1
Morelli, G	1
Rocchi, A	1
Nanni, M	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
TOLERANCE STUDY OF N-ACETYLCYSTEINE FOR THROMBOLYSIS IN THE ACUTE PHASE OF ISCHEMIC STROKE / ETUDE DE TOLERANCE DE LA N-ACETYLCYSTEINE POUR LA THROMBOLYSE A LA PHASE AIGUË DE L'INFARCTUS CEREBRAL[NCT04920448]	Phase 2	19 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-07	Not yet recruiting
How Does a Synbiotic Supplement Affect Iron Status During Iron Repletion in Iron Depleted Female Athletes?[NCT03793959]		20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-08-28	Completed
Improving the Iron Status of Athletes With Pre-, Pro- and Synbiotics[NCT06021171]		10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-08-15	Completed
Assessing Target Engagement of Terazosin in Healthy Adults[NCT04551040]	Phase 1	18 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-03-26	Active, not recruiting
Trace Elements Concentration in Dialysis[NCT05031013]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-09-30	Not yet recruiting
Impact of Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution on Tear Film and Dry Eye Symptom in Type 2 Diabetic Dry Eye: A Four-week Randomized Control, Single Masked Pilot Study.[NCT04980144]		101 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-03	Not yet recruiting
Management of Dry Eye With Intense Pulsed Light in Combination With Diquafosol[NCT05694026]		360 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-03-01	Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Heated Artificial Tears Under Practical Conditions[NCT05720754]		45 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-02	Not yet recruiting
3% Diquafosol Topical Ophthalmic Solution in Diabetic Patients With Dry Eye[NCT05193331]		70 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-01	Not yet recruiting
A Single Center, Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing the Clinical Efficacy of 3% Diquafosol Tetrasodium and 0.1 % Hyaluronic Acid 0.1% in Diabetic Patients With Dry Eye Disease[NCT05682547]		202 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-01	Not yet recruiting
Evaluation and Treatment of Pulmonary Vascular Disease in Moderate to Severe Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease[NCT02626182]	Phase 1/Phase 2	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-12-31	Completed
Phase II Study of the Effects of Sildenafil on CFTR-dependent Ion Transport Activity[NCT01132482]	Phase 2	19 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Completed
Does a Nasal Instillation of Vardenafil Normalize the Nasal Potential Difference in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Homozygous for the F508del Mutation? A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled Study.[NCT01002534]	Phase 2	5 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-10-31	Terminated (stopped due to not yet started)
Use of Hypertonic Versus Isotonic Solutions in Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Targeting the Left Marginal Branch[NCT01463917]	Phase 4	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Change in distance walked between week 1 and week 13 were compared. The difference between the two time points is reported. (NCT02626182)
Timeframe: Weeks 1, 13

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Work Rate

Intervention	meters (Mean)
Sildenafil	25.2
Placebo	0.75

Work rate (the amount of energy being expended to cycle) was assessed at weeks 1 and 13. The change in maximum work measured during CPET between weeks 1 and 13 is reported. (NCT02626182)
Timeframe: Weeks 1 and 13

Cystic Fibrosis Quality of Life-Revised Respiratory Domain Score

Intervention	watts (Mean)
Sildenafil	-0.20
Placebo	-0.27

The CFQ-R Respiratory domain score (scale 0-100 with higher scores indicating better quality of life) was assessed at weeks 1 and 13. The change in the score between week 1 and week 13 is reported. (NCT02626182)
Timeframe: Assessed at weeks 1 and 13

Change in CF Heath Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (CFQ-R)

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Sildenafil	8.62
Placebo	-9.23

Respiratory domain of the CFQ-R; The range of scores is 0-100, with higher scores indicating better health. (NCT01132482)
Timeframe: Baseline and day 28

Change in Chloride Conductance by NPD

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Sildenafil	-1.87
Placebo	0.00

Amount of chloride transport across the nasal epithelium (NCT01132482)
Timeframe: Baseline and day 28

Change in Lung Clearance Index

Intervention	mV (Mean)
Sildenafil	2.53
Placebo	-0.28

The lung clearance index (LCI) measures how long it takes for an inert gas (e.g. nitrogen) to be washed out of the lungs during relaxed tidal breathing. A higher value of the LCI indicates worse disease. LCI is calculated as the number of functional residual capacity (FRC) turnovers required to reduce the end-tidal concentration of nitrogen to 1/40th of the starting concentration and is calculated by dividing the sum of exhaled tidal breaths (cumulative exhaled volume (CEV)) by simultaneously measured FRC. (NCT01132482)
Timeframe: Baseline and day 28

Change in Pulmonary Function by Spirometry

Change in Serum Sildenafil Pharmacokinetics

Change in Sodium Conductance by Nasal Potential Difference (NPD)

Intervention	LCI (Mean)
Sildenafil	-0.33
Placebo	-1.14

Intervention	% predicted (Mean)
Sildenafil	-0.92
Placebo	-1.00

Intervention	ug/mL (Mean)
Sildenafil	0
Placebo	0

Amount of sodium transported across the nasal epithelium (NCT01132482)
Timeframe: Baseline and day 28

Change in Sweat Chloride Concentration by Pilocarpine Iontophoresis

Intervention	mV (Mean)
Sildenafil	-0.70
Placebo	1.81

Amount of chloride transport across the skin (NCT01132482)
Timeframe: Baseline and day 28

Article	Year
How useful are ferric chloride models of arterial thrombosis? Platelets, 2020, May-18, Volume: 31, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Anticoagulants; Blood Platelets; Carotid Artery Thrombosis; Chlorides; Disease Models, Anim	2020
By word of mouse: using animal models in venous thrombosis research. Platelets, 2020, May-18, Volume: 31, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Constriction, Pathologic; Disease Models, Animal; Femoral Vein; Ferric Compounds	2020
Atherosclerotic plaque injury-mediated murine thrombosis models: advantages and limitations. Platelets, 2020, May-18, Volume: 31, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Carotid Artery Thrombosis; Chlorides;	2020
SLC26 Cl-/HCO3- exchangers in the kidney: roles in health and disease. Kidney international, 2013, Volume: 84, Issue:4 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Animals; Antiporters; Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters; Chlorides; Disease Mo	2013
Involvement of neutrophils in thrombus formation in living mice. Pathologie-biologie, 2014, Volume: 62, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Arteries; Blood Proteins; Chlorides; Computer Systems; Cytoplasmic Granules; Disease Models	2014
Pathogenesis of thrombosis. Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program, 2009 Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation Factors; Cell-Derived Microparticles; Chlorides; Collagen; Disease Models	2009
Tissue factor and thrombosis models. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2010, Volume: 30, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation; Blood Vessels; Chlorides; Disease Models, Animal; Evidence-Based Medicin	2010
Critical review of mouse models of venous thrombosis. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2012, Volume: 32, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Constriction; Disease Models, Animal; Electrolysis; Ferric Compounds; Ligation;	2012
Urinary potassium excretion and sodium sensitivity in blacks. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2004, Volume: 43, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Black People; Chlorides; Disease Models, Animal; Diuresis; Genetic Predisposition to Diseas	2004
Essential roles of CFEX-mediated Cl(-)-oxalate exchange in proximal tubule NaCl transport and prevention of urolithiasis. Kidney international, 2006, Volume: 70, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Antiporters; Calcium Oxalate; Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters; Chlorides; Disease Models,	2006
Murine models of vascular thrombosis (Eitzman series). Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2007, Volume: 27, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Blood Coagulation; Blood Vessels; Chlorides; Collagen; Disease Models, Ani	2007
Magnetic resonance imaging of functional anatomy: use for small animal epilepsy models. Epilepsia, 2007, Volume: 48 Suppl 4 Topics: Animals; Anisotropy; Axons; Biological Transport; Brain; Brain Mapping; Chlorides; Diffusion Magneti	2007
Developmental patterns in the regulation of chloride homeostasis and GABA(A) receptor signaling by seizures. Epilepsia, 2007, Volume: 48 Suppl 5 Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain; Chlorides; Disease Models, Animal; Fluoresceins; Hippocampus; Home	2007
A mechanistic approach to the myotonic syndromes. Muscle & nerve, 1982, Volume: 5, Issue:9S Topics: Animals; Birds; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chlorides; Disease Models, Animal; Goats; Humans; Membra	1982
[Modeling parkinsonism (review)]. Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), 1982, Volume: 82, Issue:3 Topics: Aluminum; Animals; Carbachol; Cats; Caudate Nucleus; Chlorides; Chlorpromazine; Disease Models, Anim	1982
Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis: a clinical perspective. Gene therapy, 1995, Volume: 2, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Cystic Fibrosis; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; Disease Mo	1995
Hyperkalemic hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis: pathophysiologic insights. Kidney international, 1997, Volume: 51, Issue:2 Topics: Acidosis; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Aldosterone; Animals; Chlorides; Disease Models	1997
The tachycardia-induced dog model of atrial fibrillation. clinical relevance and comparison with other models. Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods, 1999, Volume: 42, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Cesium; Chlorides; Disease Models, Animal;	1999
[Myotonia]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1976, Sep-10, Volume: 101, Issue:37 Topics: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; Animals; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chlorides; Cholesterol; Disease	1976
Benzodiazepine/barbiturate/GABA receptor-chloride ionophore complex in a genetic model for generalized epilepsy. Advances in neurology, 1986, Volume: 44 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Barbiturates; Benzodiazepines; Binding Sites; Chlorides; Disease Models, A	1986

Article	Year
Naringin protects memory impairment and mitochondrial oxidative damage against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity in rats. The International journal of neuroscience, 2013, Volume: 123, Issue:9 Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Aluminum Chloride; Aluminum Compounds; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Brain; C	2013
Zinc salts provide a novel, prolonged and rapid inhibition of gastric acid secretion. The American journal of gastroenterology, 2011, Volume: 106, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Animals; Chlorides; Cross-Over Studies; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Gastric Acid; Humans;	2011
Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis: a clinical perspective. Gene therapy, 1995, Volume: 2, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Chlorides; Cystic Fibrosis; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; Disease Mo	1995

chlorine and Disease Models, Animal