chloramine-t and Thyroid-Neoplasms

As the most common endocrine malignancy with a high incidence, thyroid cancer lacks a dual-modal imaging method for precise diagnosis. An accurate and multimodal imaging system is pivotal to solve this problem. Herein, dual-modality fluorescence/Computed Tomography (CT) iodinated gold nanoclusters for malignant thyroid cancer visualization have been recently fabricated. In this study, innovative iodinated gold nanoclusters (AuNCs@BSA-I) were synthesized via Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and chloramine-T. AuNCs@BSA-I not only possess an ultra-small size and brilliant biocompatibility but also exhibit excellent fluorescence/CT imaging properties. Particularly with regard to CT imaging properties, AuNCs@BSA-I rival the clinical CT contrast medium. And the fluorescence emission spectrum of AuNCs@BSA-I falls in the near infrared region (NIR). For further translational application in medicine, we established an orthotopic human thyroid cancer patient tissue derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model, highly close to the actual human thyroid cancer. The results unveil that AuNCs@BSA-I exert sensitive and accurate diagnosis characteristics. To be more specific, the AuNCs@BSA-I fluorescent/CT signals in the thyroid tumor represent characteristics of 'slow in fast out', compared to those in the normal thyroid. Moreover, AuNCs@BSA-I could distinguish minimal thyroid cancer, as small as 2 mm

Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Chloramines; Gold; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Mice; Mice, Nude; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tosyl Compounds

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the measurement of thyroglobulin in human serum was developed and factors that influence sensitivity were investigated. In a comparison of 3 different labeling procedures (chloramine T, iodogen, lactoperoxidase) iodogen-prepared tracer proved to be slightly superior with respect to sensitivity and stability. The shelf life of the tracer was improved by a protein-enriched buffer, which serves as a radical scavenger. The binding kinetics of tracer to antibody at different temperature ranges were examined, and the most rapid and complete binding was found at room temperature. For the preparation of standard curves, several artificial media were compared with thyroglobulin-free serum. Second antibody separation was investigated and optimized. By employing sequential saturation, sensitivity of 0.75 microgram/1 (B0-3 SD) and 50% intercept of less than 5 micrograms/l were achieved. The results of RIA measurements of thyroglobulin in 142 patients with papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma after thyroidectomy and 131I treatment were compared with 131I whole-body scans. The results confirmed that serum thyroglobulin is an early indicator of recurrency.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma; Chloramines; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Kinetics; Lactoperoxidase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Radioimmunoassay; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tosyl Compounds