chloramine-t and Pseudomonas-Infections

To evaluate cytotoxicity and bactericidal effects of chloramine-T.. In vitro study of various concentrations and exposure times to preparations containing human fibroblasts or 1.5 x 10 colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) of 3 gram-positive bacteria-Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis-and 2 gram-negative bacteria-Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-with and without fetal bovine serum present.. Percentage reduction of bacterial growth and percentage of viable fibroblasts 48 hours after exposure.. All gram-positive growth was reduced by 95% to 100%, regardless of dose, with or without serum. E coli (gram-negative; with/without serum) was reduced 94% to 100% at antiseptic concentrations of 300 and 400 ppm. At 200 ppm, E coli growth was fully inhibited without serum present and by 50% with serum. P aeruginosa (gram-negative) was not significantly affected under any conditions. At 100 and 200 ppm, cell viability remained greater than 90% under all experimental conditions. A 300-ppm, 3-minute exposure to chloramine-T resulted in cell viability of up to 70%, with longer exposures producing lower viabilities. Serum did not affect cell viability in any condition.. In vitro, chloramine-T at 200 ppm for 5 to 20 minutes was effective against 3 virulent gram-positive bacteria without fibroblast damage. At 300 ppm and 3 and 5 minutes, 30% of fibroblasts were damaged and 95% to 100 % of E coli were inhibited, respectively.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacterial Infections; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Survival; Chloramines; Colony Count, Microbial; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli Infections; Fibroblasts; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Methicillin Resistance; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Time Factors; Tosyl Compounds; Vancomycin Resistance; Wound Infection

An evaluation of the wound-healing and disinfectant activities of chloramine-T (Chlorazene) used in hydrotherapy whirlpools was studied in a guinea pig cutaneous wound model. Standard microbiologic methods were used to determine the bacteriocidal activity of Chlorazene in cultures containing up to 2.03 x 10(6) colony-forming units per milliliter of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Full-thickness skin wounds in 40 guinea pigs were inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and all animals allowed to recover from anesthesia. Twenty-four hours later, animals were placed in water only or water containing Chlorazene (300ppm) for 20 minutes. This procedure was repeated daily for up to seven days after inoculation of wounded skin. Rate of wound epithelialization and number of infected wounds were determined. Large reductions in numbers of cultured organisms were observed after treatment with Chlorazene. No differences in rate of wound healing could be determined in water- or Chlorazene-treated animals. Chlorazene-treated wounds contained fewer pseudomonas organisms than water-treated controls on postinoculation days five and six. These results confirm that Chlorazene is an effective water disinfectant. Data also indicate that in the concentration used, Chlorazene does not affect the rate of wound healing.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chloramines; Disinfectants; Guinea Pigs; Hydrotherapy; Male; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Tosyl Compounds; Water; Water Microbiology; Wound Healing