chlorambucil and Kahler Disease studies

Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed)
chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"A randomized study compared the response of patients with multiple myeloma to chlorambucil, melphalan, and azathioprine."	5.04	Treatment of myeloma. Comparison of melphalan, chlorambucil, and azathioprine. ( , 1975)
"These included 4 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 5 cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), 5 cases of malignant lymphoma (ML) and 7 cases of multiple myeloma (MM)."	2.66	[Clinical trial of bestrabucil (KM 2210) on hematopoietic malignancies]. ( Katayama, N; Kita, K; Kobayashi, T; Matsuoka, N; Minami, N; Nishikawa, M; Ohno, T; Tanaka, H; Tomeoku, M; Uemura, Y, 1986)
"Schnitzler's syndrome has been described in 1972."	1.29	[Chronic urticaria-macroglobulinemia (Schnitzler syndrome): developing to IgM myeloma. Apropos of a case]. ( Brochot, P; Eschard, JP; Etienne, JC; Govindaraju, S; Morrone, A; Paternotte, L; Ringot, AC, 1993)
"Three patients with plasma cell leukemia are reported."	1.27	Plasma cell leukemia: a report on three patients. ( Cochi, S; De Laurenzi, A; Ferraro, P; Pacilli, L, 1983)
"Three of four patients with Hodgkin's disease responded after relatively short periods of treatment."	1.27	Leukocyte interferon as a possible biological response modifier in lymphoproliferative disorders resistant to standard therapy. ( Axelson, JA; Charamella, LJ; Clark, RH; Dimitrov, NV, 1984)

Research

Studies (39)

Authors

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Number of Participants With >50% Reduction From Baseline in Serum Free Light Chain

Overall Survival

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	32 (82.05)	18.7374
1990's	3 (7.69)	18.2507
2000's	3 (7.69)	29.6817
2010's	1 (2.56)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Hangül, C	1
Yücel, OK	1
Akkaya, B	1
Ündar, L	1
Berker Karaüzüm, S	1
Gandhi, V	1
Aktan, M	1
Akkaya, A	1
Doğan, O	1
Dincol, G	1
PITNEY, WR	1
WALDENSTROEM, J	1
BOOTSMA, BK	1
DUMA, RJ	1
BOYETT, JD	1
BEETHAM, WP	1
Amine, B	1
Benbouazza, K	1
Harzy, T	1
Rahmouni, R	1
Guedira, N	1
Lazrak, N	1
Hajjaj-Hassouni, N	1
Pacilli, L	1
Ferraro, P	1
Cochi, S	1
De Laurenzi, A	1
Emmerich, B	1
Clark, RH	1
Dimitrov, NV	1
Axelson, JA	1
Charamella, LJ	1
Sølling, K	1
Nielsen, JL	1
Sølling, J	1
Ellegaard, J	1
Freedman, ML	1
Boccadoro, M	1
Van Acker, A	1
Carmagnola, A	1
Conte, F	1
Pileri, A	1
Tribalto, M	1
Arcese, W	1
Colombo, R	1
Pastore, S	1
Franchii, A	1
Goodman, GE	1
McLean, A	1
Alberts, DS	1
Chang, SY	1
Govindaraju, S	1
Brochot, P	1
Ringot, AC	1
Paternotte, L	1
Morrone, A	1
Eschard, JP	1
Etienne, JC	1
Shulman, G	1
Lynch, SR	1
Bezwoda, WR	1
Gilich, GC	1
Spanedda, R	1
Romanini, D	1
Cinotti, A	1
Cazalis, P	1
Caroit, M	1
Zittoun, R	1
Kahn, MF	2
Sèze, S	1
Cullis, JO	1
Hyde, RD	1
Kubota, K	1
Kurabayashi, H	1
Kawada, E	1
Okamoto, K	1
Tamura, J	1
Shirakura, T	1
Naito, K	1
Kubo, K	1
Akao, Y	1
Hiraiwa, A	1
Naoe, T	1
Yamada, K	1
Scarffe, JH	1
Wagstaff, J	1
Crowther, D	1
Nishikawa, M	1
Uemura, Y	1
Matsuoka, N	1
Ohno, T	1
Katayama, N	1
Tomeoku, M	1
Kobayashi, T	1
Kita, K	1
Tanaka, H	1
Minami, N	1
Tirelli, U	1
Sorio, R	1
Magri, MD	1
Zagonel, V	1
Vaccher, E	1
Carbone, A	1
Trovò, M	1
Grigoletto, E	1
Dryll, A	1
Rousselet, F	1
Ryckewaert, A	1
Duguet, M	1
de Sèze, S	1
Pronk, EA	1
Elkerbout, F	1
Klein, F	1
Radema, H	1
Cleton, FJ	1
Ruiz, VG	1
Alexanian, R	1
Cardamone, JM	1
Kimmerle, RI	1
Marshall, EY	1
Armstrong, JG	1
Sonntag, RW	1
Astaldi, G	1
Meardi, G	1
Yalçin, B	1
Macfarlane, H	1
Crockson, RA	1
Jones, JV	1
Spokes, RM	1
Rose, MN	1
Soothill, JF	1
Kopp, WL	1
MacKinney, AA	1
Wasson, G	1
Clément, F	1
Shepard, VJ	1
Dodds-Laffin, WJ	1
Laffin, RJ	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Study of Thalidomide, Bendamustine and Dexamethasone (BTD) Versus Bortezomib, Bendamustine and Dexamethasone (BBD) in Patients With Renal Failure Defined as a GFR Below 30 Mls/Min[NCT02424851]	Phase 2	31 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-11-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Arm A (BBD)	13
Arm B (BTD)	3

(NCT02424851)
Timeframe: 1 month post end of treatment and 1 year post randomisation

Haematological and Non-haematological Toxicity in Both Treatment Arms

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Arm A (BBD)	9
Arm B (BTD)	13

(NCT02424851)
Timeframe: End of weeks 3, 6, 9, 12 (after receiving 4 cycles of therapy), 30 days after final treatment and 12 months after randomisation

Quality of Life Measured by the EQ-5D-3L Questionnaire at Baseline and 1 Month Follow up

Intervention	Events (Number)
	Serious adverse events	Adverse events
Arm A (BBD)	2	3
Arm B (BTD)	0	6

"The EQ-5D-3L descriptive system comprises the following five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension is scored on a scale of 1 to 3: 1 (no problems), 2 (some problems), and 3 (extreme problems). Higher score equates to a worse outcome.~As stated in the official EQ-5D user guide, patient responses to the 5 questions were converted into a single index value as per Dolan P (1997). Modeling valuations for EuroQol health states. Med Care 35(11):1095-108. These index values, with country specific value sets, facilitate the calculation of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) that are used to inform economic evaluations of health care interventions. In the UK, the values range from -0.594 to +1." (NCT02424851)
Timeframe: Baseline and 1 month follow up

Intervention	Units on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline	1 month FU
Arm A (BBD)	0.72	0.69
Arm B (BTD)	0.69	0.80

Article	Year
Metabolism and mechanisms of action of bendamustine: rationales for combination therapies. Seminars in oncology, 2002, Volume: 29, Issue:4 Suppl 13 Topics: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Antineopl	2002
[Chemotherapy of multiple myeloma. Review of the recent trials]. Recenti progressi in medicina, 1981, Volume: 71, Issue:2 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Carmustine; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combi	1981
Multiple myeloma and macroglobulinemia. Advances in treatment. Postgraduate medicine, 1974, Volume: 55, Issue:5 Topics: Anemia; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Blood Transfusion; Blood Viscosity; Chlorambucil; Drug Therap	1974

Article	Year
Treatment of myeloma. Comparison of melphalan, chlorambucil, and azathioprine. Archives of internal medicine, 1975, Volume: 135, Issue:1 Topics: Azathioprine; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Bone Neoplasms; Chlorambucil; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fluoxyme	1975
[Clinical trial of bestrabucil (KM 2210) on hematopoietic malignancies]. Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy, 1986, Volume: 13, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Chlorambucil; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Administration Schedule; Estradiol; Female; Human	1986
Therapy of macroglobulinaemia. Comparison of the effect of therapy on the level of monoclonal immunoglobulins and on clinical symptoms in four cases of waldenström's macroglobulinaemia and one case of IgA myeloma. Acta medica Scandinavica, 1969, Volume: 186, Issue:4 Topics: Agar; Aged; Alkylating Agents; Anemia, Hemolytic; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Protein Disorde	1969

Article	Year
The Coexistence of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma Turkish journal of haematology : official journal of Turkish Society of Haematology, 2019, May-03, Volume: 36, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Chlorambucil; Dexamethasone; Humans; Leukemia,	2019
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma in the same patient: case report. Leukemia & lymphoma, 2003, Volume: 44, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; B-Lymphocytes; Bone Neoplasms; Chlorambucil; C	2003
Chemotherapy of malignant disease. II. Diseases of lymphoid tissue and bone marrow. The Medical journal of Australia, 1962, Dec-01, Volume: 49(2) Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aged; Bone Marrow; Busulfan; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Hodgkin Diseas	1962
MELPHALAN THERAPY IN MYELOMATOSIS. British medical journal, 1964, Apr-04, Volume: 1, Issue:5387 Topics: Chlorambucil; Erythrocyte Count; Geriatrics; Humans; Melphalan; Multiple Myeloma; Prognosis; Protein	1964
[EXPERIENCE IN THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT DISEASES OF THE RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM AND LEUKEMIAS. II]. Nederlands militair geneeskundig tijdschrift, 1964, Volume: 17 Topics: Betamethasone; Busulfan; Chlorambucil; Copper; Cyclophosphamide; Dexamethasone; Genetic Diseases, X-	1964
MEDICAL GRAND ROUNDS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA MEDICAL CENTER. Southern medical journal, 1964, Volume: 57 Topics: Beta-Globulins; Blood Protein Disorders; Bone Marrow Examination; Bone Resorption; Chlorambucil; Dia	1964
IgD kappa myeloma: a new case. Joint bone spine, 2004, Volume: 71, Issue:4 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Chlorambucil; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Immunoglobulin	2004
Plasma cell leukemia: a report on three patients. Tumori, 1983, Dec-31, Volume: 69, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans	1983
[Therapy of malignant gammopathies]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1984, Jan-06, Volume: 109, Issue:1 Topics: Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypergammaglobulinemia; Melphalan	1984
Leukocyte interferon as a possible biological response modifier in lymphoproliferative disorders resistant to standard therapy. Journal of biological response modifiers, 1984, Volume: 3, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Cell Line; Chlorambucil; Female; Hodgki	1984
Free light chains of immunoglobulins in serum from patients with leukaemias and multiple myeloma. Scandinavian journal of haematology, 1982, Volume: 28, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Chlorambucil; Humans; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains; Immunoglobulin la	1982
Common hematologic problems: diagnosis and treatment. Geriatrics, 1983, Volume: 38, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Anemia; Anemia, Macrocytic; Blood Cell Count; Blood Transfusion; Chlorambucil; Erythrocyte Ind	1983
Monitoring of a long survival myeloma patient. Tumori, 1981, Dec-31, Volume: 67, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; B-Lymphocytes; Chlorambucil; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes; Kinetics; M	1981
Inhibition of human tumour clonogenicity by chlorambucil and its metabolites. British journal of cancer, 1982, Volume: 45, Issue:4 Topics: Carcinoma; Cell Line; Chlorambucil; Clone Cells; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Multiple	1982
[Chronic urticaria-macroglobulinemia (Schnitzler syndrome): developing to IgM myeloma. Apropos of a case]. La Revue de medecine interne, 1993, Volume: 14, Issue:8 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Aged; Chlorambucil; Chronic Disease; Humans; Immunoglobulin M; Male; Multip	1993
Serum beta-lipoprotein and other specific protein concentrations in patients with immunocytoma. Journal of clinical pathology, 1976, Volume: 29, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Blood Proteins; Chlorambucil; Cholesterol; Female; Follow-Up St	1976
[Evolutionary aspects of the picture of pulmonary pathology in the course of chronic blood diseases (a correlation with cytostatic treatment)]. Rivista di emoterapia ed immunoematologia, 1979, Volume: 26, Issue:1-2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Busulfan; Chlorambucil; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leuk	1979
[A particular risk of prolonged immunosuppressive treatment: a case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia after chlorambucil treatment of severe rheumatoid arhtritis]. Revue du rhumatisme et des maladies osteo-articulaires, 1976, Volume: 43, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Carcinogens; Chlorambucil;	1976
Acute epiglottitis in immunocompromised patients--a report of two cases. Clinical and laboratory haematology, 1991, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Disease; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Epiglottitis; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Leukemi	1991
Nonsecretion of myeloma protein in spite of an increase in tumor burden by chemotherapy. Annals of hematology, 1991, Volume: 63, Issue:4 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Immunoglobul	1991
[Clinical trial of bestrabucil (KM 2210) in hematopoietic malignancies]. Gan no rinsho. Japan journal of cancer clinics, 1986, Volume: 32, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Chlorambucil; Deltaretrovirus Infections; Estradiol; Female; Humans; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Ag	1986
Clinical use of interferon alfa-2b (intron-A): the Manchester experience. Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita, 1987, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Chlorambucil; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Injections	1987
Prednimustine in elderly patients with multiple myeloma: a phase II study. Cancer treatment reports, 1986, Volume: 70, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Chlorambucil; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasm Staging; Predn	1986
[Inflammatory rheumatisms and paraproteins excepting myeloma and Waldenström's disease. Study of 18 personal cases of this association]. La semaine des hopitaux : organe fonde par l'Association d'enseignement medical des hopitaux de Paris, 1969, Jul-10, Volume: 45, Issue:31 Topics: Adult; Aged; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Blood Protein Disorders; Chlorambucil; Electrophoresi	1969
Development of acute erythroleukemia in B-cell immunoproliferative disorders after prolonged therapy with alkylating drugs. The American journal of medicine, 1974, Volume: 57, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Alkylating Agents; Biopsy; Bone Marrow; Chlorambucil; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Erythroblastic	1974
Current problems in the use of the oncolytic drugs. Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae, 1968, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Busulfan; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Child; Chlorambucil; Choriocarcinoma; Dac	1968
[Rules of current therapy in multiple myeloma]. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1973, Sep-22, Volume: 103, Issue:38 Topics: Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Melphalan; Multiple Myeloma; Prednisone; Purpura, Hyperglobu	1973
[Medical treatment of multiple myeloma]. Il Cancro, 1973, Volume: 26, Issue:5 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Bone Neoplasms; Chlorambucil; Humans; Melphalan; Multiple Myeloma	1973
C-reactive protein in macroglobulinaemia and multiple myelomatosis. Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 1966, Volume: 13, Issue:3 Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; C-Reactive Protein; Chemistry, Clinical; Chlorambucil; Humans; Immunodiffusio	1966
Cytotoxic agents in the treatment of malignant disease. British medical journal, 1968, Nov-16, Volume: 4, Issue:5628 Topics: Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Chlorambucil; Choriocarcinoma;	1968
Blood volume and hematocrit value in macroglobulinemia and myeloma. Archives of internal medicine, 1969, Volume: 123, Issue:4 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Blood Proteins; Blood Volume; Blood Volume Det	1969
[Modern hematology. Sidero-achrestic anemias, polyglobulias, chemotherapy]. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1971, Feb-13, Volume: 101, Issue:6 Topics: Adenoma; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Sideroblastic; Bl	1971
Gamma A myeloma in a dog with defective hemostasis. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1972, Apr-15, Volume: 160, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Chlorambucil; Dexamethasone; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Immun	1972

chlorambucil and Kahler Disease