chiniofon and Escherichia-coli-Infections

Sepsis is caused by organ dysfunction initiated by an unrestrained host immune response to infection. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has rapidly increased in the last decades and has stimulated a firm research platform to combat infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria that cannot be eradicated with conventional antibiotics. Strategies like epigenetic regulators such as lysine demethylase (Kdm) has received attention as a new target. Thus, we sought to investigate the epigenetic mechanisms in sepsis pathophysiology with the aim of discovering new concepts for treatment. A transcriptome analysis of dendritic cells during their inflammatory state identified Kdm as a critical molecule in sepsis regulation. Next, 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-carboxylic acid (IOX1) ability to control endotoxemia induced by Lipopolysaccharide and bacterial sepsis was demonstrated. IOX1 has been shown to regulate endotoxemia and sepsis caused by Escherichia coli and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and has also contributed to the suppression of multidrug-resistant bacterial growth through the inhibition of DNA Gyrase. These findings show that IOX1 could be a component agent against bacterial sepsis by functioning as a broad-spectrum antibiotic with dual effects.

Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Acinetobacter Infections; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dendritic Cells; Disease Models, Animal; DNA Gyrase; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Histone Demethylases; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Docking Simulation; Sepsis

A new commercial agar (Uricult-Trio) with 8-hydroxyquinoline-beta-glucuronide was used to assess 2,536 uropathogens for beta-glucuronidase activity typical of Escherichia coli. Included in the study were 1,807 strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae, 284 strains of nonfermentative bacilli, 345 strains of gram-positive cocci, and 100 yeast strains. In identifying E. coli, the test agar gave a sensitivity of 95.5% and a specificity of 97.2%. Fifty E. coli isolates gave negative reactions; 31 non-E. coli strains produced black colonies characteristic of E. coli. No growth of gram-positive cocci and no false-positive reactions from yeasts were observed. The recovery rate for E. coli on this agar was at least 10% higher than that on blood agar.

Topics: Agar; Bacteriological Techniques; Bacteriuria; Diagnostic Errors; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Quinolines; Sensitivity and Specificity; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

The ability of tetracycline and clioquinol to prevent intestinal colonization of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli was tested in a rabbit model. In the model 10(10) bacteria are given via oro-gastric tube following intravenous cimetidine and oral sodium bicarbonate and prior to intraperitoneal tincture of opium. Eighteen hours after challenge the rabbits are sacrificed, and the numbers of the challenge strain remaining in the jejunum and ileum are determined. Tetracycline interrupted the intestinal colonization of V. cholerae and E. coli. Clioquinol however, had minimal effect on the colonization process. Our studies demonstrate the efficacy of prophylactic tetracycline but do not support the use of clioquinol to prevent intestinal infection due to these organisms. This rabbit model may also be useful to study the efficacy of other antibiotics against these bacterial infections.

Topics: Animals; Cholera; Clioquinol; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Hydroxyquinolines; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Rabbits; Tetracycline; Vibrio cholerae