chiniofon and Brain-Ischemia

Stroke is a multifactorial disease caused by the combination of certain risk factors and genetic factors. There are possible risk factors having important role in the pathogenesis of stroke. The most important environmental factors are cigarette smoking and oxidative stress which have different sources. GST (M1, T1, P1) have major roles in detoxification of the products of oxidative stress and they are polymorphic. DNA damages can also be repaired by repair enzymes such as OGG1 and XRCC1 which are highly polymorphic and have pivotal roles in repair systems. In the present study, we investigated that polymorphisms in genes involved in detoxification and DNA-repair pathways might modify the individual's risk for ischemic stroke. Furthermore, the products of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity were measured and the impact of gene polymorphism on them was evaluated. Our data showed that OGG1 Ser326Cys and XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene polymorphisms had impacts on the development of stroke.

Topics: Antioxidants; Brain Ischemia; Case-Control Studies; DNA Glycosylases; DNA Mutational Analysis; DNA-Binding Proteins; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Genotype; Glutathione Transferase; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Male; Oxidative Stress; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Reactive Oxygen Species; Risk Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric; Stroke; Turkey; X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1

Stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are related pathologies in which the cerebrovascular system is involved. Plasma levels of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase/vascular adhesion protein 1 (SSAO/VAP-1, also known as Primary Amine Oxidase -PrAO) are increased in both stroke and AD patients and contribute to the vascular damage. During inflammation, its enzymatic activity mediates leukocyte recruitment to the injured tissue, inducing damage in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neuronal tissue. We hypothesized that by altering cerebrovascular function, SSAO/VAP-1 might play a role in the stroke-AD transition. Therefore, we evaluated the protective effect of the novel multitarget-directed ligand DPH-4, initially designed for AD therapy, on the BBB.. A human microvascular brain endothelial cell line expressing human SSAO/VAP-1 was generated, as the expression of SSAO/VAP-1 is lost in cultured cells. To simulate ischaemic damage, these cells were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and re-oxygenation conditions. The protective role of DPH-4 was then evaluated in the presence of methylamine, an SSAO substrate, and/or β-amyloid (Aβ).. Under our conditions, DPH-4 protected brain endothelial cells from OGD and re-oxygenation-induced damage, and also decreased SSAO-dependent leukocyte adhesion. DPH-4 was also effective at preventing the damage induced by OGD and re-oxygenation in the presence of Aβ as a model of AD pathology.. From these results, we concluded that the multitarget compound DPH-4 might be of therapeutic benefit to delay the onset and/or progression of the neurological pathologies associated with stroke and AD, which appear to be linked.

Topics: Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing); Brain Ischemia; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Line; Endothelial Cells; Glucose; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Microvessels; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxygen; Piperidines