chiniofon and Bacterial-Infections

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Benzydamine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Pyrazoles; Vaginal Diseases; Vulvar Diseases

Sixty cases of tinea pedum intertriginosa were topically treated in a double-blind trial. In 34 cases a cream was used, which contained 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline, gentamycin and fluprednyliden-21-acetate. In 26 cases a cream was used, which contained 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline and gentamycin alone. Treatment was continued over three weeks. In weekly intervalls mycological, bacteriological and clinical controls were performed, which showed that the steroid-component had no disadvantageous effect on the course of infection. In contrast the steroid containing preparation proved to be slightly superior.

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Drug Combinations; Gentamicins; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Ointments; Oxyquinoline; Pregnadienetriols; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Tinea Pedis

Competition for nutrients in a polymicrobial biofilm may lead to susceptible species being subjected to nutritional stress. The influence of bacterial growth rates and interspecies interactions on their susceptibility and response to nutritional stress is not well understood.

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Biofilms; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Models, Biological; Phenotype; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Quorum Sensing; Staphylococcus aureus; Stress, Physiological

A series of ruthenium-quinolinol complexes were synthesized using a simple and effective pathway and their in vitro antibacterial activity against various resistant gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were evaluated. It was established that compound [(η6-pcymene)RuCl(κ2-O,N-5,7-dibromo-HyQ)]·Cl (3b) & [(η6-pcymene)RuCl(κ2-O,N-5,7-dibromo-HyQ)]·Cl (3e) were significantly active against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis &Salmonella sp. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by the analysis of spectroscopic data. The stability of complex [(η6-pcymene)RuCl(κ2-O,N-5,7-dibromo-HyQ)]·Cl (3b) was measured by UV spectroscopy & time dependent NMR spectroscopy. Compound 3b also shows remarkable fluorescence.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Infections; Coordination Complexes; Escherichia coli; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Ruthenium; Salmonella; Staphylococcus aureus

A series of 5-amino- and 5-hydroxyquinolone antibacterials substituted at C7 with a select group of common piperazinyl and 3-aminopyrrolidinyl side chains was prepared. These 5-substituted derivatives were compared to the analogous 5-hydrogen compounds for antiinfective activity by using DNA gyrase inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentrations against a variety of bacteria, and in vivo efficacy in the mouse infection model. The influence on the structure-activity relationships of varied substituents at C8 (H, F, Cl) and N1 (ethyl, cyclopropyl, difluorophenyl) was also studied. The results showed that several of the structure-activity conclusions regarding side-chain bulk at C7, the effect of halogen at C8, and the effect of the C5-amino group were greatly influenced by the choice of the N1-substituent. Several outstanding broad spectrum quinolones were identified in this work. In particular, the spectrum and potency of the 7-piperazinyl quinolones could be greatly enhanced by the judicious choice of C5-, C8-, and N1-substituents.

Topics: Alkylation; Aminoquinolines; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Female; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Hydroxyquinolines; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Piperazines; Pyrrolidines; Structure-Activity Relationship; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors

Technetium-99m-HM-PAO [( 99mTc]HM-PAO) leukocyte and indium-111-oxine (111In-oxine) leukocyte scanning were carried out simultaneously in 41 patients at 4 hr and 24 hr after reinjection to determine whether the 4-hr 99mTc scan could replace the 24-hr 111In scan for detecting intraabdominal sepsis. Abdominal infection was confirmed in 12 cases. The 4-hr 99Tc-leukocyte scan, the 4-hr 111In-leukocyte scan, and the 24-hr 111In-leukocyte scan yielded a sensitivity of 100%, 67%, and 100%, respectively, and a specificity of 62%, 90%, and 86%, respectively. The 24-hr 99mTc-leukocyte scan also produced a sensitivity of 100%, but it was falsely positive in all 29 cases without infection due to physiologic bowel uptake. False-positive 4-hr 99mTc-leukocyte scans were also produced by physiologic bowel uptake in seven cases all of whom had true-negative 4-hr and 24-hr 111In-leukocyte scans. Because of the high incidence of false-positive 4-hr [99mTc]HM-PAO leukocyte scans, it was concluded that they could not replace 24-hr 111In-leukocyte scans for detecting intraabdominal sepsis, and that serial 99mTc leukocyte scans starting earlier than 4 hr after reinjection must be evaluated.

Topics: Abdomen; Bacterial Infections; False Positive Reactions; Female; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Indium Radioisotopes; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Organometallic Compounds; Organotechnetium Compounds; Oximes; Oxyquinoline; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; Time Factors

Bacterial sepsis, a significant complication of chronic hemodialysis, is generally the result of infection at the vascular access site. We retrospectively reviewed the utility of indium-111-(111In) labeled autologous leukocyte scintigraphy in 26 patients (30 scans) with synthetic vascular grafts, on chronic hemodialysis, in whom hemodialysis access site infection was a diagnostic consideration. Leukocyte scintigraphy correctly identified all fifteen access-site infections; there was one false-positive study, for an overall sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 93%, respectively. Of particular significance is the fact that in nine (60%) of the fifteen access-site infections, physical examination was normal. Our data indicate that 111In-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy is a useful procedure for the diagnosis of hemodialysis access-site infection, and it is especially valuable when physical examination of the access site is normal.

Topics: Adult; Bacterial Infections; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Female; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Indium Radioisotopes; Leukocytes; Male; Organometallic Compounds; Oxyquinoline; Polytetrafluoroethylene; Radionuclide Imaging; Renal Dialysis; Retrospective Studies

Twelve patients with a clinical diagnosis of possible vascular graft infection have been studied over the last 3 years. All patients had their leucocytes labelled with indium-111 and gamma-camera imaging after 24 and 48 h. Subsequent management was according to established surgical techniques. Eight patients proved to have vascular graft infection and indium uptake was seen along the length of the graft in six. Two patients with open wound infections and synthetic grafts had localized uptake only on leucocyte scanning. Four patients, all of whom had negative scans were not thought to have infected grafts after further investigation using digital subtraction angiography and computed tomography scanning. These patients have been followed up for a median period of 19 months (range 5-25 months) and have remained symptom free. Initial experience with 111In-labelled leucocyte scanning has been encouraging, both in diagnosis and in planning the management of patients with graft infections.

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Female; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Indium Radioisotopes; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Organometallic Compounds; Oxyquinoline; Radionuclide Imaging

Gamma-camera imaging after injection of radiolabelled autologous leucocytes can be very helpful in the diagnosis, localization and further clinical treatment of inflammatory diseases. We present a technique allowing sterile separation of white blood cells and labelling with 99mTc-phytate or -oxine and with 111In-oxine, -oxine sulphate or -tropolone. The method is non-invasive and the radiation dose amounts to less than 80 mrad using 100 microCi 111Indium. The use of radiolabelled granulocytes is of particular diagnostic value in patients with septicaemia of unknown origin. Whole body scanning allows not only visualization of enhanced splenic uptake in septicaemia, but also localization of an inflammatory process. Preferential indications for a diagnostic approach using radiolabelled granulocytes are inflammatory abdominal processes which cannot easily be documented by means of other non-invasive techniques, such as inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's diseases and ulcerative colitis), arthritic processes and abscesses of the liver and spleen, as well as subphrenic and retroperitoneal abscesses. Untreated osteomyelitis can be located with the help of labelled granulocytes, but in patients treated with antibiotics a false negative result is obtained in approximately 50% of cases for as yet unknown reasons, even in the presence of a still active osteomyelitic process.

Topics: Abscess; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Granulocytes; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Indium Radioisotopes; Male; Middle Aged; Organometallic Compounds; Organotechnetium Compounds; Osteomyelitis; Oxyquinoline; Peritonitis; Phagocytosis; Radionuclide Imaging; Subphrenic Abscess; Surgical Wound Infection; Technetium

Fifteen children underwent scintigraphy with indium 111 (111In)-labeled white blood cells (WBC) for the detection of a local suppuration. The procedure generally contributed to a correct diagnosis. False negative results were observed in 5 children, but in two of them positive foci were also present. The missed lesions were 2 liver abscesses, 1 lung abscess, foci of osteomyelitis and 1 pericarditis. Two cases of chronic granulomatous disease are presented in which increased leucocyte accumulation was not observed in proven instances of infection.

Topics: Adolescent; Bacterial Infections; Child; False Negative Reactions; Focal Infection; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Indium Radioisotopes; Leukocytes; Male; Organometallic Compounds; Oxyquinoline; Radionuclide Imaging

Scintigraphy with indium-labeled white blood cells has been reported to be sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of low-grade sepsis of the musculoskeletal system. We reviewed the records of fifty patients who had suspected osteomyelitis or suspected infection about a total joint prosthesis and who underwent scintigraphy with technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate and scintigraphy with indium-111 oxine-labeled white blood cells before an open surgical procedure. Any patient who received preoperative antibiotics was not included in the study. For all of the patients, gram-stain examination of smears, evaluation of a culture of material from the operative site, and histological examination were done. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I was composed of twenty-four patients, each of whom had a prosthesis in place and complained of pain. Group II was composed of twenty-six patients for whom a diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis had to be considered. With the indium scans alone, there was only one false-negative result (in Group II), but there were eighteen false-positive results (eight patients in Group II and ten patients in Group I). Although scintigraphy with indium-labeled white blood cells is quite sensitive, it is not specific in detecting chronic osteomyelitis; a negative scan should be considered highly suggestive that osteomyelitis is not present. Specificity can be increased by interpreting the indium scan in conjunction with the technetium scan.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; False Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Female; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Indium Radioisotopes; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Organometallic Compounds; Osteomyelitis; Oxyquinoline; Preoperative Care; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate

Recent animal and human studies have suggested that positive indium 111-labeled leukocyte scans may help establish the diagnosis of vascular graft infection; however, there is little information available about the predictive value of both positive and negative leukocyte scans in larger groups of patients. In this study 31 indium 111 leukocyte scans were performed prior to definitive treatment in 21 patients with suspected vascular graft infections. Patients with more than one leukocyte scan performed had either anatomically distinct sites of infection or rescanning of a potentially infected site after definitive treatment. Scans were performed according to the method of Baker et al., attaching 500 muCi of indium 111 to leukocytes with imaging 24 hours later. All patients with positive scans underwent surgical exploration of the area of leukocyte accumulation, with documentation of purulence and culture of the graft. Patients with negative scans were treated as if scan results were indeterminate and underwent surgical exploration for usual clinical indications; if no exploration was performed, the patient was followed up closely for at least 1 year. Twelve of 12 positive scans showed purulence or culture evidence of infection with three different organisms; in 15 instances of negative scans, two operations were performed with one infection noted, whereas no patient without surgery has had a graft infection at 10 months follow-up. In addition to localizing graft infections, two scans demonstrated a nonvascular site of infection. Positive scans also helped determine the extent of infection along the graft, allowing better planning of the surgical procedure. These results indicate that indium 111-labeled leukocyte scans help document and localize prosthetic vascular graft infections.

Topics: Aged; Bacterial Infections; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Female; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Indium; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Organometallic Compounds; Oxyquinoline; Polyethylene Terephthalates; Polytetrafluoroethylene; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Reoperation; Surgical Wound Infection

Imaging with leukocytes labeled with indium-111 oxine is a sensitive technique for detecting sites of occult infection. Traditionally, imaging is performed 24 hr after injection. We undertook a prospective study of 35 patients (40 studies) with possible occult infection to see whether a 24-hr delay in imaging is really necessary. Patients were imaged at 1-4 hr and again at 24 hr after injection. The early images had a sensitivity of only 33%, compared with 95% for the 24-hr images. Of the seven studies that were positive on both early and delayed images, 71% had more intense uptake at 24 hr. There were no false-positive early images. We conclude that imaging 1-4 hr after injection with In-111 oxine-labeled leukocytes has a low sensitivity for detecting occult infection. However, a positive early image is specific for a site of infection.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Errors; Female; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Indium; Isotope Labeling; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Organometallic Compounds; Oxyquinoline; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Subphrenic Abscess; Time Factors

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; Candidiasis; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Oxyquinoline

The radiopharmaceuticals gallium-67 and indium-111 labelled leucocytes have been compared in 15 patients with a painful joint prosthesis in an attempt to identify those patients with periprosthetic infection. Gallium-67 images were abnormal in five out of six patients with periprosthetic infection and normal in seven out of nine without evidence of infection. Indium-111 leucocyte images were abnormal in three out of six patients with infection and normal in all nine patients without infection. Indium-111 labelled leucocyte imaging is technically more difficult to perform than gallium-67 imaging. This, combined with the higher sensitivity of gallium-67 imaging for infection around a prosthetic joint, leads us to conclude that gallium-67 imaging is superior to indium-111 leucocyte imaging in identifying infection as a cause of a painful prosthetic joint.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Female; Gallium Radioisotopes; Hip Prosthesis; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Indium; Joint Prosthesis; Knee Prosthesis; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Organometallic Compounds; Oxyquinoline; Pain, Postoperative; Pelvis; Postoperative Complications; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging

One hundred twenty-nine 111In-oxine-labeled leukocyte scintiscans have been performed in 117 patients with cancer in order to diagnose localized infectious disease. Of the 115 contributive scans, 40 were in patients with localizing signs, whereas in 75 fever of unknown origin constituted the indication for this examination. The overall specificity of the method was 95.4%, the overall sensitivity 86%, and the global accuracy 91.3%. In 10 cases with localizing signs, the 111In-oxine granulocyte scintigram allowed exclusion of the diagnosis of infection, whereas in 17 instances without localizing signs, a focal infectious process was demonstrated. Heterologous donor leukocytes were used successfully in five instances. With the exception of accumulation of label at the site of an osteolytic metastasis in one case, no uptake was observed in primary or secondary tumors. It is concluded that 111In-oxine-labeled leukocytes constitute a valuable tool in the diagnosis and localization of infection in patients with malignant disease.

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Bone Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; False Negative Reactions; Female; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Indium; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukocytes; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphoma; Neoplasms; Organometallic Compounds; Oxyquinoline; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Rectal Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Topics: Administration, Oral; Bacterial Infections; Denmark; Dysentery, Amebic; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Legislation, Drug; Nervous System Diseases

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Bacterial Infections; Diagnosis, Differential; Dysentery; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Intestinal Diseases; Middle Aged; Precipitin Tests

Topics: Adult; Bacterial Infections; Chronic Disease; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Male; Oxyquinoline; Prostatitis; Pyelonephritis; Urinary Tract Infections

Acute vestibular paralysis may not be considered as a nosologic entity but as a syndrome. Symptomatology (vertigo, spontaneous and provoked vestibular nystagmus, absence of cochlear signs) shows an uniform picture. The results of the caloric test as well as the nystagmic responses induced by galvanic stimulation and the development of central vestibular compensation however indicate that the site of the lesion is not only confined to the labyrinth but may also occur at the level of the peripheral neuron or even the vestibular nuclei. Etiology and pathology are still vague. Our own clinical observations as well as the scarce data in literature about morphological and experimental studies suggest in a way that vascular and infectious disorders are of importance as primary releasing factors. Hypothetically, vestibular loss of function may either be caused by a disturbance of labyrinthine microcirculation, initiated in a great majority of cases by infection, or by a direct lesion of the peripheral neuron as well as the vestibular nuclei. Retrolabyrinthine lesions may be due to menigoencephalitis, caused by a neurotropic virus or other infectious agents such as Toxoplasma gondii. Acute vestibular paralysis should be strictly distinguished from vestibular neuronitis. While vestibular paralysis is a syndrome, vestibular neuronitis must be considered as a nosologic entity, including a lesion of the peripheral neuron as well as evidence of an infectious event.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amphetamines; Audiometry; Bacterial Infections; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Labyrinth Diseases; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Middle Aged; Nystagmus, Pathologic; Phenytoin; Toxoplasmosis; Vertigo; Vestibular Function Tests; Vestibule, Labyrinth; Virus Diseases