chebulic-acid and Inflammation

Sixteen chebulic acid derivatives, including nine new (1-9) and seven known (10-16) ones, were isolated from an ethanol extract of the branches and leaves of Balakata baccata. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by their UV, IR, HRESIMS, NMR, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The effects of all the isolates on antineuroinflammatory and antioxidant activities were evaluated. Compared with the positive control minocycline (IC

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Benzopyrans; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Line; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Molecular Structure; Nitric Oxide; Picrates; Plant Leaves; Sapium; Structure-Activity Relationship

Chebulic acid (CA) isolated from T. chebula, which has been reported for treating asthma, as a potent anti-oxidant resources. Exposure to ambient urban particulate matter (UPM) considered as a risk for cardiopulmonary vascular dysfunction. To investigate the protective effect of CA against UPM-mediated collapse of the pulmonary alveolar epithelial (PAE) cell (NCI-H441), barrier integrity parameters, and their elements were evaluated in PAE.. CA was acquired from the laboratory previous reports. UPM was obtained from the National Institutes of Standards and Technology, and these were collected in St. Louis, MO, over a 24-month period and used as a standard reference. To confirm the protection of PAE barrier integrity, paracellular permeability and the junctional molecules were estimated with determination of transepithelial electrical resistance, Western Blotting, RT-PCR, and fluorescent staining.. UPM aggravated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PAE and also decreased mRNA and protein levels of junction molecules and barrier integrity in NCI-H441. However, CA repressed the ROS in PAE, also improved barrier integrity by protecting the junctional parameters in NCI-H411.. These data showed that CA resulted in decreased UPM-induced ROS formation, and the protected the integrity of the tight junctions against UPM exposure to PAE barrier.

Topics: Air Pollution; Alveolar Epithelial Cells; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Benzopyrans; Cell Line; Cytokines; Humans; Inflammation; Lung; Missouri; Oxidative Stress; Particulate Matter; Permeability; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Reactive Oxygen Species; RNA, Messenger; Terminalia; Tight Junction Proteins; Tight Junctions