cefzil and Disease-Models--Animal

Mastitis is a common disease occurs in breast-feeding mothers, but published data are poor. This study aimed to study the effects of Tanshinones on treating mastitis.. Clinical trials performed in 58 breast-feeding mothers were carried out. B-ultrasound and blood test were used to measure the size of breast mass and the change of blood cell counts. BALB/c mice were injected with LPS and then treated by Tanshinone I or Tanshinone IIA/B. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and the release of inflammatory cytokines were tested by MPO kit, RT-qPCR and ELISA. Mouse mammary epithelial cells (mMECs) were isolated and the effects of Tanshinones were measured by conducting CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, RT-qPCR and ELISA.. Patients treated by Cefprozil combined with Tanshinone got better outcomes than patients treated by Cefprozil alone. In animal trials, Tanshinone I and Tanshinone IIA/B significantly reduced MPO activity, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in serum and mammary gland tissues. In mMECs, Tanshinone I and Tanshinone IIA/B attenuated LPS-induced viability loss and apoptosis. And they effectively inhibited the release of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Also, Tanshinone I and Tanshinone IIA/B significantly attenuated LPS-evoked NF-κB activation.. Tanshinone I and Tanshinone IIA/B have potentials in treating mastitis. The beneficial effects might be through regulating NF-κB activation.

Topics: Abietanes; Adult; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Apoptosis; Breast Feeding; Cefprozil; Cephalosporins; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Lipopolysaccharides; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mammary Glands, Human; Mastitis; Mice, Inbred BALB C; NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; Peroxidase; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Ultrasonography, Mammary

Cefprozil, an oral semisynthetic cephalosporin, is commonly utilized in the treatment of respiratory-tract infections in children. While this agent has provided acceptable clinical success over a number of years, this study was undertaken to better define its pharmacodynamic profile against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Nineteen clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae were utilized in the neutropenic murine thigh infection model. To simulate the pharmacokinetic profile of cefprozil in children, the renal function of mice was impaired with uranyl nitrate, and a commercially available cefprozil suspension (6 mg/kg of body weight) was administered orally every 12 h. Mice were infected with 10(6) to 10(7) CFU per thigh, and therapy was initiated 2 h later. At 0 and 24 h postinfection, thighs were harvested to determine bacterial density. Survival was assessed during 96 h of therapy. The magnitude of bacterial kill ranged from 0.5 to 4.4 log(10) CFU per thigh over 24 h, and the extent of microbial eradication was dependent on the MIC. Killing of more than 2.6 log(10) CFU per thigh was observed with MICs of < or =3 microg/ml, while either minimal killing or growth was detected with MICs of > or =4 microg/ml. Mortality in untreated control animals was 100%. Animals infected with strains for which the MICs were < or =2 microg/ml survived the infection, whereas MICs exceeding 2 microg/ml resulted in substantial mortality. These studies demonstrate the effectiveness of cefprozil against isolates of the pneumococcus for which the MICs are < or =2 microg/ml using a drug exposure typically observed in children. These data support a susceptibility breakpoint of < or =2 microg/ml for cefprozil.

Topics: Animals; Cefprozil; Cephalosporins; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pneumococcal Infections; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Treatment Outcome

The in vivo effects of penicillin and cefprozil therapy on the interaction between organisms commonly recovered from inflamed tonsils were studied by using a subcutaneous abscess model in mice. These organisms were group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS), Streptococcus salivarius (which is capable of interfering with GABHS), and Staphylococcus aureus. In mice infected with GABHS and S. salivarius alone or in combination, penicillin eliminated both organisms and cefprozil eliminated GABHS and S. aureus but not S. salivarius. Penicillin did not, however, reduce the number of GABHS or S. salivarius in the presence of S. aureus. The present study demonstrated the ability of beta-lactamase-producing S. aureus to protect GABHS from penicillin. However, no such protection was present following the administration of cefprozil. Furthermore, the preservation of S. salivarius that interferes with GABHS growth may provide protection from reinfection with GABHS. This study supports and provides an explanation for the increased efficacies of cephalosporins administered orally over that of penicillin when treating patients with acute GABHS pharyngitis or tonsillitis.

Topics: Abscess; Animals; beta-Lactamases; Cefprozil; Cephalosporins; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Hemolysis; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Penicillins; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus agalactiae; Tonsillitis