cefuroxime-axetil and Staphylococcal-Infections

This study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin to cefuroxime axetil for the management of acute bacterial sinusitis or acute exacerbations of chronic sinusitis.. In this prospective, multicentre, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 501 adult outpatients seen in 17 otolaryngology offices with both symptoms and radiographic evidence of acute maxillary sinusitis randomly received oral ciprofloxacin (500 mg b.i.d.) or cefuroxime axetil (250 mg b.i.d.), each for 10 days. Patients were further subclassified as having either acute sinusitis or an acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitis. All patients underwent maxillary sinus aspiration at study entry to establish a microbiologic etiology. The primary measure of efficacy was the rate of clinical success in the efficacy-valid population at the end of therapy. Secondary measures included bacteriologic response at the end of therapy, and 2- to 4-week clinical and bacteriologic follow-up response rates in both efficacy-valid and intent-to-treat groups.. Haemophilus influenzae (21%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (19%), Moraxella catarrhalis (14%), and Staphylococcus aureus (9%) were the most commonly isolated pathogens (target organisms) among the 225 causative organisms identified from 189 patients. Of 453 adults valid for clinical efficacy (228 ciprofloxacin, 225 cefuroxime axetil), ciprofloxacin treatment was statistically equivalent to cefuroxime axetil at the end of treatment (87% vs. 83%; CI95 = -0.021 ... 0.106) and at follow-up (91% vs. 88%; CI95 = -0.044 ... 0.080). The clinical response was similar for subgroups of patients with positive cultures, including the subset with target organisms. Bacteriologic eradication at end of therapy was similar between the two groups (97% ciprofloxacin, 95% cefuroxime axetil). Both treatments were equally well tolerated.. Ciprofloxacin is as effective as cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of community-acquired acute sinusitis.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cefuroxime; Cephalosporins; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Male; Maxillary Sinusitis; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections

Pelvis is a rare location of the hematogeneous osteomyelitis during the newborn period. Successful cure of osteomyelitis during the newborn period is dependent on a fast and true diagnosis and on sufficient treatment. In this case report, iliac osteomyelitis of a newborn that was clinically suspected on the fifth day, was diagnosed radiologically and was found to be caused by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, is presented. According to our knowledge, this is the youngest osteomyelitis case in the literature and the third presented iliac osteomyelitis case of the newborn period.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood; Cefuroxime; Humans; Ilium; Infant, Newborn; Methicillin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Osteomyelitis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Vancomycin

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities on the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli of the amorphous cefuroxime axetil (CFA) ultrafine particles prepared by HGAP method were investigated in this paper. The conventional sprayed CFA particles were studied as the control group. XRD, SEM, BET tests were performed to investigate the morphology changes of the samples before and after sterile. The in vitro dissolution test, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the in vivo experiment on mice were explored. The results demonstrated that: (i) The structure, morphology and amorphous form of the particles could be affected during steam sterile process; (ii) CFA particles with different morphologies showed varied antibacterial activities; and (iii) the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of the ultrafine particles prepared by HGAP is markedly stronger than that of the conventional sprayed amorphous particles.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefuroxime; Chemical Precipitation; Drug Compounding; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Particle Size; Solubility; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; X-Ray Diffraction

The purpose of this study was to evaluate various oral antimicrobial agent levels in tooth extraction sites.. The concentration of dental alveolar blood in extraction wounds after the oral administration of talampicillin (500 mg), cefaclor (500 mg), cefteram pivoxil (200 mg), cefuroxime axetil (250 mg), cefdinir (200 mg), and ofloxacin (100 mg) was determined in 338 patients and was assessed on the basis of its antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus isolated in odontogenic infections.. The percentage of patients whose concentrations exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of Streptococcus was 62.5% to 100% for talampicillin at 30 to 360 minutes, 0% to 12.5% for cefaclor at 30 to 360 minutes, 18.2% to 100% for cefteram pivoxil at 30 to 480 minutes, 50% to 100% for cefuroxime axetil at 30 to 480 minutes, 0% to 50% for cefdinir at 16 to 290 minutes, and 0% to 40% for ofloxacin at 30 to 480 minutes.. These results indicate that talampicillin, cefteram pivoxil, and cefuroxime axetil have minimum inhibitory concentration levels for 90% of Streptococcus in tooth sockets.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alveolar Process; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefaclor; Cefdinir; Cefmenoxime; Cefuroxime; Cephalosporins; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ofloxacin; Penicillins; Prodrugs; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Talampicillin; Time Factors; Tooth Diseases; Tooth Extraction; Tooth Socket