cefuroxime-axetil and Escherichia-coli-Infections

Untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria has been associated with acute pyelonephritis, which may have a role in many maternal and fetal complications. Acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy is related to anemia, septicemia, transient renal dysfunction, and pulmonary insufficiency. A randomized study was conducted to assess the clinical and microbiological efficacy of a single dose of fosfomycin trometamol for the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in the second trimester of pregnancy compared with a 5-day regimen of cefuroxime axetyl. Forty-four women received fosfomycin trometamol and 40 women received cefuroxime axetyl. There were no statistically significant differences between both groups regarding the mean age and mean duration of pregnancy. Therapeutic success was achieved in 93.2% of the patients treated with fosfomycin trometamol vs 95% of those treated with cefuroxime axetyl. A single dose of fosfomycin trometamol is a safe and effective alternative in the treatment of asymptomatic urinary tract infections in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteriuria; Cefuroxime; Drug Administration Schedule; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Fosfomycin; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Safety; Single-Blind Method; Treatment Outcome

Short-course therapy for pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI) remains controversial. The present study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of cefuroxime axetil (Ceftin) as short-course (2-day) versus conventional (10-day) therapy for uncomplicated pediatric UTIs. In a randomized, controlled, prospective study, we enrolled 50 children, 2-11 years of age, to receive oral cefuroxime axetil, 125 mg twice a day, for either 2 or 10 days. UTI was defined as at least 10(5) colonies/ml of a single pathogen isolated on clean catch, or at least 10(4) colonies/ml on a catheterized specimen. A 10-fold or greater reduction in colony count of the initially isolated organism (3-5) days after stopping therapy was considered a bacteriologic success, as long as the absolute colony count was below the threshold for UTI described above. Patients were followed for 15 months with multiple repeat urine cultures and radiologic studies. Twenty-five of the 50 patients enrolled were withdrawn, including 12 for initially inadequate colony counts. Eight of 12 patients in the short-course group (67%), versus 12 of 14 in the conventional-therapy group (86%), were initial bacteriological successes, a nonsignificant difference. All 37 initially isolated uropathogens were sensitive to cefuroxime axetil in vitro. Cefuroxime axetil is an effective antimicrobial for uncomplicated pediatric UTIs. Two-day therapy with cefuroxime axetil appears to be as effective as 10-day therapy, although sample size was limited in this study.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Cefuroxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Colony Count, Microbial; Drug Administration Schedule; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Male; Prodrugs; Prospective Studies; Time Factors; Urinary Tract Infections

One hundred and thirteen patients with dysuria and/or frequency were treated randomly with either 500 mg cephradine 12-hourly or 125 mg cefuroxime axetil 12-hourly, for seven days. A total of 71 patients were found to have urinary infection: bacteriological cure rates were 97% one week post-treatment, and 96% five weeks post-treatment, for both antibiotics. On direct questioning, adverse events were reported by eight patients out of 59 taking cephradine and by three of 54 who had received cefuroxime axetil. However, only three and one respectively stopped taking the antibiotic due to the adverse event. Analysis of diary cards, completed by 109 patients, showed a significantly higher incidence of increased frequency of bowel movements in those taking cefuroxime axetil. It is concluded that both antibiotics are of equal value in the treatment of simple acute urinary infections in general practice.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteriuria; Cefuroxime; Cephradine; Escherichia coli Infections; Family Practice; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prodrugs; Urination Disorders

Topics: Bacteriuria; Cefuroxime; Colony Count, Microbial; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Mass Screening; Prodrugs; Treatment Outcome; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities on the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli of the amorphous cefuroxime axetil (CFA) ultrafine particles prepared by HGAP method were investigated in this paper. The conventional sprayed CFA particles were studied as the control group. XRD, SEM, BET tests were performed to investigate the morphology changes of the samples before and after sterile. The in vitro dissolution test, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the in vivo experiment on mice were explored. The results demonstrated that: (i) The structure, morphology and amorphous form of the particles could be affected during steam sterile process; (ii) CFA particles with different morphologies showed varied antibacterial activities; and (iii) the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of the ultrafine particles prepared by HGAP is markedly stronger than that of the conventional sprayed amorphous particles.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefuroxime; Chemical Precipitation; Drug Compounding; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Particle Size; Solubility; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; X-Ray Diffraction