ceftiofur and Pleuropneumonia

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biopsy, Needle; Cephalosporins; Female; Fever of Unknown Origin; Horse Diseases; Horses; Pleuropneumonia; Thoracic Cavity; Treatment Outcome; Ultrasonography

Pigs, asymptomatically infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in their upper respiratory tract, can transmit the infection. Detection of such animals is indispensable to prevent the intake of the disease in a herd. This study was conducted to evaluate bacteriology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serology for the detection of subclinically infected pigs. Pigs were inoculated onto the tonsils with an A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 9 strain (n=12, group 1) or phosphate buffered saline solution (PBSS) (n=5, group 2). To prevent infection of the lungs, pigs of group 1 were treated three times with sodium ceftiofur as an aerosol. A third group (n=5) was inoculated intranasally with the same strain. All animals were euthanized 30 days post-inoculation (dpi). In pigs of group 1, clinical signs were not observed. A small lung lesion was found in only one pig and A. pleuropneumoniae was isolated from this lesion. The bacterium was not isolated from the lungs of animals that did not develop lung lesions. A. pleuropneumoniae was demonstrated in tonsils of 9/12 animals using bacteriological isolation, whereas it was demonstrated in mixed bacterial cultures from tonsils of all 12 animals by PCR. In non-infected animals (group 2), clinical signs were not observed and A. pleuropneumoniae was not demonstrated in any sample. All intranasally infected animals (group 3) developed disease signs and lung lesions. High antibody titers against ApxI, ApxII and heat-stable antigens were detected in animals that developed lung lesions. Antibody titers against these antigens were low or absent in all other pigs. It was concluded that pigs carrying A. pleuropneumoniae in the upper respiratory tract generally do not show measurable antibodies in serum. Therefore, sensitive methods for the detection of the etiological agent such as PCR are required to identify carrier animals, while serological methods are not suitable.

Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Carrier State; Cephalosporins; DNA, Bacterial; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Lung; Palatine Tonsil; Pleuropneumonia; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Swine; Swine Diseases

The in vitro susceptibilities of 76 isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae collected from pigs with pleuropneumonia were tested with 12 commonly used antimicrobial drugs by an agar dilution minimal inhibitory concentration procedure according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines. Field isolates had low MICs for ceftiofur, danofloxacin and penicillin. No correlation of antimicrobial resistance was related to serotype.

Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Cephalosporins; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Fluoroquinolones; Korea; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillins; Pleuropneumonia; Swine; Swine Diseases

Medical management was unable to prevent the development of an extrapulmonary abscess in a 10-year-old Thoroughbred gelding with anaerobic pleuropneumonia. Intercostal thoracostomy achieved drainage of the abscess. Resolution of the abscess and subsequent bronchopleural fistulas was monitored by ultrasonography and video-endoscopy. The horse returned to training 4 mo after discharge.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antitrichomonal Agents; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Clonixin; Combined Modality Therapy; Drainage; Endoscopy; Enrofloxacin; Fluoroquinolones; Horse Diseases; Horses; Lung Abscess; Male; Metronidazole; Pleura; Pleuropneumonia; Quinolones; Therapeutic Irrigation; Thoracic Surgery; Thoracostomy; Trimethoprim; Ultrasonography