ceftiofur and Inflammation

The aim of the study was to test the effect of two treatments in cases of acute puerperal metritis (APM) and clinical metritis (CM).. Cows with APM and CM (n = 40)) were matched according to plasma fibrinogen levels (Fb) into three groups. Two negative control groups D (n = 11) and E (n = 17) were composed of healthy cows. The proportion of animals with APM and CM was similar within the groups. Treatment was started on the 3rd day postpartum (PP). In group A (n = 15), intramuscular (i.m.) administration of ceftiofur was used for five days in combination with flunixin for three days. Group B (n = 15) received i.m. administration of ceftiofur for five days followed by two injections of prostaglandin F2α, with an interval of 8 h, on the 8th day PP. Group C (n = 10) served as a control group with no treatment. The general health status, body temperature (BT) and vaginal discharge were evaluated daily. Endometrial biopsies for bacteriology were taken once a week for seven weeks PP. Blood samples for the analysis of acute phase proteins were collected once a week for six weeks PP. Samples for progesterone analysis were taken twice a week for seven weeks PP. Fertility performance data were recorded.. The area under the curve of BT was higher in group B than in group D cows (P < 0.05). No differences were found for vaginal discharge. There were no differences in bacterial growth, start of ovarian activity or serum amyloid-A or fibrinogen levels among the groups. The haptoglobin concentration was higher in the first and second weeks PP in group B compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). The number of days open was higher in group A than in both groups B and D (P < 0.05). The pregnancy rate after the first two services was higher (P < 0.05) in groups B and D than in groups A and C. The number of services per pregnancy was lower in group B than in group C (P < 0.05).. Regardless of more severe uterine inflammation found in animals from group B, these cows showed the same fertility parameters as healthy animals.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cephalosporins; Clonixin; Dairying; Dinoprost; Drug Combinations; Endometritis; Estonia; Female; Fertility; Inflammation; Postpartum Period; Puerperal Infection

To determine the pharmacokinetics and adverse effects at the injection site of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) following IM administration of 1 dose to red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis).. 7 adult nonreleasable healthy red-tailed hawks.. In a randomized crossover study, CCFA (10 or 20 mg/kg) was administered IM to each hawk and blood samples were obtained. After a 2-month washout period, administration was repeated with the opposite dose. Muscle biopsy specimens were collected from the injection site 10 days after each sample collection period. Pharmacokinetic data were calculated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of ceftiofur for various bacterial isolates were assessed.. Mean peak plasma concentrations of ceftiofur-free acid equivalent were 6.8 and 15.1 μg/mL for the 10 and 20 mg/kg doses, respectively. Mean times to maximum plasma concentration were 6.4 and 6.7 hours, and mean terminal half-lives were 29 and 50 hours, respectively. Little to no muscle inflammation was identified. On the basis of a target MIC of 1 μg/mL and target plasma ceftiofur concentration of 4 μg/mL, dose administration frequencies for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms were estimated as every 36 and 45 hours for the 10 mg/kg dose and every 96 and 120 hours for the 20 mg/kg dose, respectively.. Study results suggested that CCFA could be administered IM to red-tailed hawks at 10 or 20 mg/kg to treat infections with ceftiofur-susceptible bacteria. Administration resulted in little to no inflammation at the injection site. Additional studies are needed to evaluate effects of repeated CCFA administration.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalosporins; Cross-Over Studies; Crystallization; Female; Hawks; Inflammation; Injections, Intramuscular; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Random Allocation

There is little knowledge within the medical community of the existence of veterinary antibiotics in oil-based suspensions and the adverse effects that may occur with accidental human injection.. A farmer injected an unknown quantity of Excenel RTU into her right thigh. Despite early debridement she developed a deep infection and recurrent chronic inflammation in the subcutaneous tissues and muscle secondary to the cottonseed oil suspension. Radical debridement and extensive split skin grafting was required but she still has had recurrences 12 months after injury.. Prompt surgical debridement should be performed as in cases of oil based veterinary vaccines. Despite being an antibiotic there is a significant risk of infection from a dirty needle following inoculation and multiple cultures should be taken and appropriate broad spectrum antibiotics used. Radical debridement and skin grafting necessitating specialist plastic surgical attention may be required.

Topics: Adult; Animal Husbandry; Cephalosporins; Cottonseed Oil; Debridement; Female; Humans; Infections; Inflammation; Needlestick Injuries; Occupational Diseases; Recurrence; Skin Transplantation; Veterinary Medicine