ceftiofur and Foot-Rot

Seven well-controlled studies conducted under multiple management conditions demonstrated that ceftiofur, a late-generation veterinary parenteral cephalosporin, is effective for the treatment of bovine foot rot in beef and dairy cattle. Two preliminary dosage titration studies using a challenge model compared the efficacy of ceftiofur (1.1 mg or 2.2 mg ceftiofur equivalents [CE]/kg administered once daily for 3 days) with placebo. One preliminary clinical study evaluated the efficacy of ceftiofur sodium (1.0 mg CE/kg once daily for 3 days) in lactating dairy cows. Two clinical trials evaluated the efficacy of ceftiofur sodium versus placebo for naturally occurring foot rot, and two trials compared the efficacy of ceftiofur sodium or hydrochloride (1.0 mg CE/kg) with oxytetracycline (6.6 or 10 mg/kg), each administered once daily for 3 days, for treatment of acute foot rot in beef cattle. All trials demonstrated the efficacy of ceftiofur for treatment of acute bovine foot rot. Ceftiofur and oxytetracycline were comparable in efficacy, with ceftiofur having excellent injection-site tolerance and short or no milk discard or preslaughter withdrawal.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cephalosporins; Clinical Trials as Topic; Foot Rot; Lameness, Animal; Treatment Outcome

A study was conducted in a feedlot in Alberta, Canada, to compare the clinical efficacy of a single injection of ceftiofur crystalline free acid sterile injectable suspension with three daily treatments of ceftiofur sodium sterile powder for the treatment of footrot. Use of a long-acting antimicrobial to treat footrot would reduce labor costs and hospital pen space requirements during high-risk periods. Four hundred cattle clinically diagnosed with footrot were systematically randomized to one of two treatment groups. The treatment success rate at 14 days after treatment (99.5% for ceftiofur crystalline free acid sterile injectable suspension and 99.0% for ceftiofur sodium sterile powder for injection) was not statistically different (P>.05) between the two drugs.

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cephalosporins; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Foot Rot; Lameness, Animal; Male; Treatment Outcome

To determine whether ceftiofur sodium would be useful for treatment of acute interdigital phlegmon (foot rot) in cattle.. Randomized controlled trial.. 308 cross-bred yearling steers with clinical signs of acute interdigital phlegmon (i.e., lameness with interdigital swelling, interdigital lesions, or both).. Steers were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups: ceftiofur at a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg (0.045 mg/lb) of body weight, IM, every 24 hours; ceftiofur at a dosage of 1.0 mg/kg (0.45 mg/lb), IM, every 24 hours, and oxytetracycline at a dosage of 6.6 mg/kg (3 mg/lb), IM, every 24 hours. All animals were treated for 3 days; treatment was considered successful if animals were no longer lame on day 4. Biopsy specimens were collected prior to treatment from 5 animals in each group and submitted for anaerobic bacterial culture and histologic examination.. Success rates for the high-dosage ceftiofur (94/129; 73%) and oxytetracycline (87/128; 68%) groups were significantly higher than that for the low-dosage ceftiofur group (5/50; 10%), but there were no significant differences between the high-dosage ceftiofur and oxytetracycline groups. Anaerobic bacteria most frequently isolated from biopsy specimens were Porphyromonas levii and Provetella intermedia.. Use of ceftiofur at a dosage of 1.0 mg/kg for treatment of cattle with acute interdigital phlegmon was as effective as use of oxytetracycline at a dosage of 6.6 mg/kg. However, ceftiofur has a negligible withdrawal time and, therefore, may be a better choice for treatment of near-market weight animals.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Biopsy; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cephalosporins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Foot; Foot Rot; Lameness, Animal; Oxytetracycline; Porphyromonas; Time Factors