cefsulodin and Lung-Diseases

Cephalosporins modified at the C-3 and C-7 positions of the cephem-nucleus have high antimicrobial activity and are safe. With evolution through first, second, and third generations, they have gained increasing gram-negative activity, but often at the expense of potency against gram-positive organisms. All third-generation cephalosporins have some intrinsic anti-Pseudomonas activity, indicating their potential benefit in the treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis. Rational therapy in this clinical setting requires recognition of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic idiosyncrasies intrinsic to this patient population. When these priorities are recognized, only two of the available agents, cefsulodin and ceftazidime, appear to be of any therapeutic value. Both agents have been evaluated extensively in the treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbation in cystic fibrosis, and both have been found to be safe and effective.

Topics: Cefsulodin; Ceftazidime; Cephalosporins; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Kinetics; Lung Diseases; Pseudomonas Infections; Structure-Activity Relationship

Cephalosporins modified at the C-3 and C-7 positions of the cephem-nucleus have high antimicrobial activity and are safe. With evolution through first, second, and third generations, they have gained increasing gram-negative activity, but often at the expense of potency against gram-positive organisms. All third-generation cephalosporins have some intrinsic anti-Pseudomonas activity, indicating their potential benefit in the treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis. Rational therapy in this clinical setting requires recognition of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic idiosyncrasies intrinsic to this patient population. When these priorities are recognized, only two of the available agents, cefsulodin and ceftazidime, appear to be of any therapeutic value. Both agents have been evaluated extensively in the treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbation in cystic fibrosis, and both have been found to be safe and effective.

Topics: Cefsulodin; Ceftazidime; Cephalosporins; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Kinetics; Lung Diseases; Pseudomonas Infections; Structure-Activity Relationship

Cefsulodin is a third generation cephalosporin with specific antipseudomonas activity. We used cefsulodin in combination with aminoglycosides in 15 cystic fibrosis patients treatments. There were 13 children or adolescents, 4 to 19 years old with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections: 9 patients had acute exacerbations of infection with occasionally important respiratory insufficiency and 5 patients had a regimen of regular treatment every 3 months. Cefsulodin was given after record of bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics, at the mean posology of 100 mg/kg, IV, tid. The combination with aminoglycosides was systematic: tobramycin (6 mg/kg/day), netilmicin (6 mg/kg/day) or amikacin (30 mg/kg/day). Duration of treatment was 9 to 15 days.. --clinical improvement in all patients, important in 13 patients and moderate in 2 patients;--respiratory function improvement in 11 patients;--pulmonary radiography improvement in 10 patients;--Pseudomonas were eradicated in 8 patients but temporarily and were found after treatment in 7 patients, 5 with lower number, 2 with higher number. Clinical and biological tolerance was excellent. The present study shows the interest of cefsulodin use in combination with aminoglycosides in this pathology.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefsulodin; Child; Child, Preschool; Cystic Fibrosis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Pseudomonas Infections; Superinfection

20 patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection underwent a total of 23 courses of treatment with a new cephalosporin, cefsulodin. The patients were given 100-150 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses for 14 days, alone or in combination with tobramycin. Maximum serum levels were around 150 microgram/ml and 6-h levels above 5 micrograms/ml. 90% of the infecting strains were sensitive to 5 micrograms/ml in vitro. Apart from discomfort in direct relation to intravenous bolus injection the drug was well tolerated. Clinical improvement was pronounced, and in 5 cases. P. aeruginosa disappeared from bronchial secretions. Patients allergic to carbenicillin tolerated cefsulodin without signs of allergy. Cefsulodin thus appears to be an effective alternative to carbenicillin in the treatment of severe P. aeruginosa infections.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cefsulodin; Cephalosporins; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections