cefsulodin and Infant--Newborn--Diseases

Pharmacokinetic studies on cefsulodin (CFS) were carried out in perinatal mothers and infants. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. CFS was promptly absorbed upon intravenous drip infusion in pregnant women, producing dose-related peak serum levels. Placental transference to the fetus occurred quickly and at high levels. Upon intravenous drip infusion of 1-2 g of CFS, drug concentration of the cord blood and amniotic fluid exceeded MICs of clinically isolated strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These levels in cord blood ranged 3.3-16.9 micrograms/ml upon 1 g intravenous drip infusion and 0.8-21.6 micrograms/ml upon 2 g intravenous drip infusion, and in amniotic fluid they were 1.3-15.6 micrograms/ml upon 1 g administration and 5.5-17.9 micrograms/ml upon 2 g administration. The drug was transferred into newborn infant through placenta, showing no tendency to accumulate. According to the above results, it appears possible to successfully prevent or treat perinatal infections through administration of the dose of 1-2 g twice daily. 2. Moreover, newborn infants delivered from mothers receiving CFS administration showed no laboratory test abnormalities. 3. The penetration of CFS into mother's milk occurred at low levels, and the transference from milk to newborn infants appeared to occur at even low levels. The above results have demonstrated that CFS is a clinically useful antibiotic for prophylaxis and treatment of perinatal Pseudomonas infections.

Topics: Cefsulodin; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Milk, Human; Pregnancy; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections

Fourteen neonates and premature infants with ages ranging 1 to 28 days were intravenously given one shot injection of 20 mg/kg of cefsulodin (CFS). Plasma and urine levels and recovery rates of CFS were determined in the first 6 hours after administration. For prophylaxis of infection, a daily average dose of 52.8 mg/kg of CFS was injected intravenously to 3 neonates with ages ranging 2 to 16 days in 2 to 3 divided doses during an average period of 7 days. Along with observations of prophylactic effects on infection, side effects and abnormalities in laboratory test values were examined. The results obtained are summarized below: 1. Of the 9 patients with birth weight of 2,500 g or above, the plasma levels peaked in 6 patients at 5 minutes, in 2 patients at 15 minutes and in the other at 1 hour after administration, with peak levels ranging between 35.8 and 60.6 micrograms/ml. Subsequently, gradual decreases or bimodal tapering changes were noted in the plasma levels. The cause of the delay in the occurrence of maximum peak observed in the 3 patients at 15 minutes or 1 hour after administration and the cause of the appearance of bimodal tapering changes in 3 subjects are not known. A tendency was observed that the younger the age of subject was, the larger the AUC and the longer the half-life became. Half-lives in all 9 neonates were longer than those in average infants who were given intravenous injection at the same dose. 2. Of 5 patients with birth weight of less than 2,500 g, the determination of peak plasma levels was not performed in those within 7 days after birth. Plasma levels, however, were observed to reach their peaks in 4 patients at 5 minutes and in another at 15 minutes after administration, the levels ranging between 41.5 and 56.0 micrograms/ml. Subsequently to this, gradual decreases and bimodal tapering changes of plasma levels were noted. The cause of the delay in plasma levels to reach their maximum peaks values in the 1 patient to 15 minutes after administration and the cause of occurrence of bimodal tapering changes in the 2 patients are not known. A tendency was observed that the younger the age of subjects was, the larger the AUC and the longer the half-life became. This tendency was similar to that observed in the group with birth weight of 2,500 g or above.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Topics: Cefsulodin; Female; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature; Male