cefsulodin and Bacterial-Infections

The cephalosporins have been available for clinical use for nearly 20 years and a large number is presently marketed, including drugs with a wide range of different pharmacokinetic and microbiologic properties. While some of these agents have certain specific uses in which they excel, the cephalosporins have not replaced older antibiotics but do provide the physician with a broader range of choices for the treatment of many infections, allowing greater individualization of therapy.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefamandole; Cefazolin; Cefsulodin; Cephacetrile; Cephalexin; Cephaloridine; Cephalosporins; Cephalothin; Cephamycins; Cephradine; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Injections, Intramuscular

The chemistry, microbiology, pharmacokinetics, adverse reactions, and clinical indications for cefsulodin are reviewed and compared to ceftazidime and cefoperazone. Cefsulodin is a narrow-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with activity virtually restricted to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cefsulodin is eliminated renally and has a serum half-life similar to ceftazidime and cefoperazone. Cefsulodin appears to be well tolerated and relatively free of any significant toxicity except for nausea and vomiting, which appear to be related to the infusion rate. Cefsulodin may be beneficial in those rare clinical situations where an infection is caused by a sensitive isolate of P. aeruginosa known to be resistant to the other antipseudomonal cephalosporins, and/or the avoidance of an aminoglycoside antibiotic is desired. However, its empiric use is to be discouraged.

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Cefsulodin; Humans

Our work consists of a comparative study of 4 therapeutic protocols for treatment of otological infection from the pyocyanic bacillus, and more specifically of 19 patients with a necrotizing malignant otitis, 24 patients with perichondritis and 12 patients suffering from a post-operative infection. The association of Cefsulodin (a 3rd generation Cephalosporin) and Gentamicin gave the best results. A major decrease of the time of treatment and a total absence of infectious complications were in fact recorded. The adjuvant therapies were duly observed for the 4 protocols, in particularly the surgical treatment and the treatment of the site (diabetes).

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Cefsulodin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Necrosis; Otitis; Postoperative Complications

A combination of cefmenoxime (CMX) and cefsulodin (CFS) which has a broad spectrum on various bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated for severe infections associated with hematological malignancies. Seventy one patients were treated with the combination therapy. Among them, 57 patients were evaluable for the effectiveness. Fourteen patients were not evaluable because 10 patients were subjected to additional therapy such as gamma-globulin, interferon, radiation and pulse therapy of a large dose of methylprednisolone, 3 were prophylactically treated and the remaining one was a patient with disseminated bone marrow metastasis of prostatic cancer and not a patient with a hematologic malignancy. Excellent responses were obtained in 24 (42.1%) patients and good response in 12 (21.1%) patients, with a total rate of effectiveness of 63.2%. Three patients who were treated prophylactically and one patient who suffered from prostatic cancer with metastasis to bone marrow, were included in the final evaluation of side effects. Side effects were observed in only one patient (1/61, 1.6%). Mild neutropenia was identified in a patient of 78 years of age in 4 days after the combined regimen was started. Neutropenia disappeared soon after the cessation of the treatment. These results showed that a combination of CMX and CFS was an effective and safe regimen for the treatment of severe infections in patients with hematological disorders.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacterial Infections; Cefmenoxime; Cefsulodin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged

Infected patients with hematological disorders were treated with the combination of cefmenoxime (CMX) and cefsulodin (CFS). This therapy was done on 74 patients, of whom 38 (51%) had acute myelocytic leukemia, 14 (19%) malignant lymphoma, 7 (9%) acute lymphocytic leukemia, 5 aplastic anemia, 4 adult T cell leukemia, 4 chronic myelocytic leukemia, 1 multiple myeloma and 1 histiocytic medullary reticulosis. Complicated infections included 5 cases of septicemia, 41 cases of suspected septicemia, 19 cases of respiratory tract infection, 2 with anal abscess, 1 with urinary tract infection and others. The obtained results were as follows: Clinical effectiveness of the combination therapy was excellent in 17 cases (23.0%), good in 24 (32.4%) and poor in 33 (44.6%). Total clinical efficacy rate was 55.4%. Clinical efficacy rate was 40% against septicemias, 51.2% against suspected septicemias and 57.9% against respiratory tract infections. Causative pathogens were isolated in only 21 cases (28.4%): Gram-positive bacteria in 9 cases, Gram-negative bacteria in 11 and fungus in 1. About half of the Gram-negative bacteria belonged to Pseudomonas sp. The efficacy rate of this combination therapy against Gram-negative bacterial infections was 72.7% but the rate against Gram-positive bacterial infections were only 33.3%. Only in 1 case, this combination therapy was discontinued because of drug eruption. Abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 5 cases: Elevation of BUN in 3, GOT and GPT in 1 and prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time in 1. In conclusion, this combination therapy of CMX and CFS is useful and safe against infections complicated by hematological disorders.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Aplastic; Bacterial Infections; Cefmenoxime; Cefotaxime; Cefsulodin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; T-Lymphocytes

Patients with chronic complicated urinary tract polymicrobial infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria were treated with cefsulodin using cefotiam or cefmenoxime as a concomitant drug. Each drug was given to the patients in daily dose of 1 or 2 g by drip infusion twice a day for 5 to 16 days. The results were as follows: Overall clinical efficacy was excellent in 7 cases (44%), moderate in 6 cases (38%) and poor in 3 cases (19%), the effectiveness rate being 81.3%. Bacteriologically, 38 strains (88.4%) were eradicated, 1 strain decreased and 4 strains unchanged out of the 43 clinical isolates from the patients. No side effects and no abnormalities of laboratory findings were observed.

Topics: Aged; Bacterial Infections; Cefmenoxime; Cefotaxime; Cefotiam; Cefsulodin; Cephalosporins; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Male; Middle Aged; Pseudomonas Infections; Urinary Tract Infections

Prophylaxis effect and clinical therapy of combination use of cefotiam (CTM), sulbenicillin (SBPC) and cefsulodin (CFS) have been investigated, and the results were as follows. 1. Prophylaxis effect of CTM-SBPC combination therapy was very useful. CTM-SBPC combination therapy was performed to patients who are at high risk for infectious complications. Prophylaxis effect of CTM-SBPC was judged by fever over 38 degrees C, and was better than usual antibiotic treatment. 2. CTM-SPBC-CFS combination therapy was performed against severe infections during early remission, and the overall effectiveness rate was 83.3% (5/6). 3. No remarkable side effect was observed in this investigation.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Bacterial Infections; Cefotaxime; Cefotiam; Cefsulodin; Cephalosporins; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Male; Middle Aged; Penicillin G; Sulbenicillin

The activity of moxalactam, cefsulodin and cefoperazone on 67 non-fermenting gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from patients with nosocomial infections was tested either alone or in combination with gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin and netilmicin, respectively, by use of the checkerboard agar dilution technique. Cefsulodin was most active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, cefoperazone was the most active cephalosporin tested against Pseudomonas fluorescens-putida and Acinetobacter antitratus. Cefoperazone-aminoglycoside interactions were found to be synergistic in only 2--5% of all strains, cefsulodin and moxalactam in combination with aminoglycosides were most potent against P. aeruginosa. Cefsulodin-gentamicin interactions were superior to other cephalosporin-amino-glycoside combinations.

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefoperazone; Cefsulodin; Cephalosporins; Cephamycins; Drug Interactions; Humans; Moxalactam

Clinical bacteriological studies on cefotiam and cefsulodin in the field of otorhinolaryngology were carried out and the following results were obtained. 1) Aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria were dominantly isolated from the clinical materials sent to the center from the clinical institutes. 2) It was considered that Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and beta-Streptococcus played an important role in the primary infections in the field of otorhinolaryngology. Staphylococcus aureus was also frequently isolated from the primary infections. Peptostreptococcus spp. was dominantly isolated from peritonsillar abscess. Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) were mainly isolated from the chronic secondary infections. Among GNB, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus spp. were more frequently isolated. Staphylococcus aureus was also constantly detected in the secondary infections together with GNB. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 20.1% of the patients with chronic otitis media and 27.1% of sinusitis. 3) Cefotiam showed potent antibacterial activities against most isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 4) Cefsulodin showed potent antibacterial activities against clinically isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Staphylococcus aureus and beta-Streptococcus were also susceptible to cefsulodin.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefotaxime; Cefotiam; Cefsulodin; Cephalosporins; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Middle Aged; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases

The effect of cefsulodin in combination with mecillinam was examined against a wide range of bacterial species. The antibacterial spectrum was widened by the combination of cefsulodin and mecillinam in the ratio of 5:1 and 10:1. In overall observations, in the in vitro test, a synergistic effect against clinical isolates was found on Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris, and an additive effect was found on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus morganii, Proteus rettgeri, Proteus inconstans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In in vivo tests, a synergistic effect was observed on S. marcescens TN 66 and K. pneumoniae DT infections and an additive effect was observed on S. aureus 308 A-1, E. coli O-111 and T-7, C. freundii TN 518, E. cloacae TN 603, P. vulgaris GN 4712, P. morganii Tn 373 and P. aeruginosa U 31 infections.

Topics: Amdinocillin; Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefsulodin; Cephalosporins; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Male; Mice; Penicillanic Acid; Serratia marcescens; Species Specificity