cefpodoxime-proxetil and Urinary-Tract-Infections

To discuss the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, spectrum of activity, clinical trials, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage guidelines of cefpodoxime proxetil.. Literature was identified through a MEDLINE search from 1988 to the present and from review of bibliographies in that literature.. Data were limited to comparative trials published in the English literature. Although many studies were conducted in Japan, the results often were available only in Japanese or partly in English. As these studies could not be completely evaluated, they are not included in this review.. Cefpodoxime exhibits good activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. In clinical trials, cefpodoxime was similar in both clinical and bacteriologic efficacy to amoxicillin, cefaclor, amoxicillin/clavulanate, and penicillin in the treatment of respiratory and urinary tract infections. It also appeared effective in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections, although no comparative trials have been performed. Cefpodoxime is well tolerated by children and is effective in the treatment of otitis media and pharyngitis. It has a similar adverse effect profile to that of other penicillins and cephalosporins, with gastrointestinal effects being most common.. Cefpodoxime demonstrates good in vitro activity against pathogens frequently associated with respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin and tissue infections. It has not demonstrated greater efficacy than the other antibiotics to which it has been compared. The available published clinical trials are fraught with methodologic, statistical, and evaluative flaws. Thus, further trials comparing cefpodoxime with established treatments, as well as the newer cephalosporins, are needed before its place in therapy can be established.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Male; Otitis Media; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adult; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Child; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Otitis Media; Pharyngitis; Respiratory Tract Infections; Urinary Tract Infections

Two controlled United States trials compared the safety and efficacy of cefpodoxime proxetil (100mg twice daily) with either cefaclor (250mg 3 times daily) or amoxicillin (250mg 3 times daily) in patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Treatment duration was 7 days. 307 of 762 patients treated with cefpodoxime proxetil, 99 of 190 treated with cefaclor, and 57 of 185 treated with amoxicillin were evaluable for efficacy. 311, 99 and 59 pathogens were isolated from cefpodoxime proxetil, cefaclor and amoxicillin patients, respectively, the most common pathogens being Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Bacteriological cure rates were 80% (247/307), 82% (81/99) and 70% (40/57) for cefpodoxime proxetil, cefaclor and amoxicillin, respectively. Respective clinical cure rates were 79% (242/307), 79% (78/99) and 72% (41/57). Cefpodoxime proxetil was well tolerated, and there was no significant difference between the groups in the overall incidence of adverse experiences. Thus, cefpodoxime proxetil is efficacious and safe in the treatment of patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infections and compares favourably with cefaclor and amoxicillin.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Prodrugs; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Urinary Tract Infections

To evaluate the economic benefit associated with the early conversion of therapy from intravenous ceftiaxone to the comparable oral third-generation cephalosporin, cefpodoxime proxetil.. Open-label, unblind, nonrandomized clinical trial.. A 360-bed Veterans Affairs Medical Center.. Forty patients who began receiving intravenous ceftriaxone for either a community-acquired pneumonia or a complicated urinary tract infection.. twenty patients were selected, based on clinical assessment, to be converted from intravenous ceftriaxone to oral cefpodoxime proxetil. Twenty other comparable patients who would have been appropriate for step-down therapy, did not receive pharmacy intervention and were used as a control group.. Both groups were assessed and compared for length of ceftiaxone therapy, length of oral follow-up therapy (if any), length of hospitalization, results of culture and sensitivity testing, treatment success and readmissions, and cost of respective therapeutic regimens.. In the cefpodoxime study group, the average time receiving intravenous and oral antibiotics was 9.1 days at a total cost of $3040.26 for the 20 patients. In the control group, the average time receiving intravenous and oral antibiotics was 11.9 days at a total cost of $3961.26. A savings of $46.05 per patient was achieved. Patients receiving step-down therapy averaged 1 fewer day of hospitalization.. Pharmacist intervention and cefpodoxime step-down therapy were associated with decreased overall antibiotic costs in our intravenous-to-oral program.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Ceftriaxone; Colorado; Community-Acquired Infections; Costs and Cost Analysis; Drug Costs; Female; Hospital Bed Capacity, 300 to 499; Hospitals, Veterans; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Pharmacy Service, Hospital; Pneumonia; Prodrugs; Urinary Tract Infections

Dry syrup and tablet of newly developed cefpodoxime proxetil (CS-807, CPDX-PR) was investigated in the departments of pediatrics of 17 institutes and their related hospitals. 1. Pharmacokinetics of CPDX-PR in pediatrics were investigated. Peak blood levels of CPDX at dose levels of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg were 2.24 +/- 0.21 and 4.68 +/- 0.54 micrograms/ml, respectively, in fasting and 1.65 +/- 0.07 and 3.71 +/- 0.41 micrograms/ml, respectively, after meal. Urinary recovery rates in 6 hours were 31.2 +/- 2.2% of dose in average. 2. Clinical efficacies of CPDX-PR on various infectious diseases were studied in 748 cases. Clinical efficacy rate in 499 cases with causative bacteria isolated was 94.6%: efficacy rates for individual infections were 96.8% (120/124) for tonsillitis, 96.0% (96/100) for urinary tract infection, 93.5% (58/62) for pneumonia, 92.4% (61/66) for impetigo, 100% (32/32) for scarler fever and 93.2% for pharyngitis or laryngitis. Bacteriological eradication rate for Gram-positive organisms was 91.0% (244/268); and for Gram-negative organisms, 89.7% (210/234). The clinical efficacy rate for cases which were non-responsive to previous antibiotic therapy was 88.1% (74/84). 3. Side effects and clinical laboratory findings were investigated in 779 cases. Two each of vomiting, loose stool and rash, 10 of diarrhea and 1 of diarrhea associated with candidiasis were reported, but no serious side effects were noted. There was no serious laboratory test abnormality except slight elevations of eosinophile, platelet, transaminase or prolongation of prothrombin time, totalling 34 occurrences.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Infant; Japan; Male; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Tonsillitis; Urinary Tract Infections

Cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) is a new oral cephem derivative drug in which carboxylic acid was esterified to the 4-position of CPDX (oxime type cephem antibiotic). CPDX-PR is hydrolyzed mainly with esterase in intestinal wall and CPDX exists as an active form in body fluid. While there are numerous study reports using CPDX-PR in tablet forms in Japan, the dry syrup formula for pediatric use was newly developed. The dry syrup of CPDX-PR was orally administered 20 minutes after meal to the 6 boys of ages from 8 years and 1 month to 10 years and 10 months, with doses of 3 and 6 mg/kg, respectively, for 3 cases each. Serum concentrations and urinary concentrations and recovery rate of the drug were investigated. In addition to the above, the clinical and bacteriological studies were performed in a total of 105 cases consisting of children with ages ranging from 2 months to 11 years and 8 months, upon administering an average dose of 3.4 mg/kg, 3 to 4 times per day (96 cases of 3 times and 9 cases of 4 times). The 105 cases included 13 cases of pharyngitis, 21 cases of tonsillitis, 4 cases of acute bronchitis, 6 cases of pneumonia, 1 case of pleurisy, 13 cases of scarlet fever, 41 cases of urinary tract infection, 3 cases of posthitis and 3 cases of bacillary dysentery. Drug sensitivity test was performed for the following strains: (i) Strains retained by our department; 52 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 18 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae, and 11 strains of Bordetella pertussis, and (ii) strains isolated from cases to which CPDX-PR was administered; 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 8 strains of S. pyogenes, 2 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 10 strains of Escherichia coli, and 1 strain of Proteus mirabilis. Drug sensitivities of the strains retained by our department were tested with the inoculum sizes of 10(8) and 10(6) cfu/ml for R-3746 (Na-salt of CPDX), cefaclor (CCL), cephalexin (CEX), amoxicillin (AMPC), and methicillin (DMPPC), and those against strains separated from the cases to which CPDX-PR was administered were tested with the same inoculum sizes for R-3746, CCL, CEX, cefadroxil, ampicillin (ABPC), DMPPC and cloxacillin (MCIPC). Adverse reactions and abnormal clinical laboratory test results were also examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Topics: Absorption; Administration, Oral; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Infant; Japan; Male; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Respiratory Tract Infections; Scarlet Fever; Urinary Tract Infections

Raoultella ornithinolytica is a Gram-negative, non-motile, encapsulated, aerobic bacillus belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. R. ornithinolytica is a not very common, but emergent causal agent of human infection, and its expression of beta-lactamase provides resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The pathogenetic potential of R. ornithinolytica isolates in human disease has become increasingly important. Several cases of hospital-acquired infection, mostly associated with invasive procedures, or in patients with co-morbidity caused by R. ornithinolytica, have been previously reported in the adult population. In pediatric population, two cases in immunocompromised children, one case in an infant with visceral heterotaxy and one case of catheter-related bacteraemia are described. Here, we present the first case of febrile urinary tract infection due to R. ornithinolytica in an 8-month-old infant, recovered from a previous febrile UTI caused by E. coli and without co-morbidity. The empiric therapy with ceftriaxone, followed by cefpodoxime proxetil, resolved symptoms: the clinical condition of the infant improved rapidly and the treatment eradicated urine from the R. ornithinolytica infection. Since other pathogens rather than R. ornithinolytica are usually identified in children with urinary tract infections, including Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas, the identification of this microorganism in our patient's urine was also unexpected.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Female; Fever; Humans; Infant; Klebsiella; Klebsiella Infections; Treatment Outcome; Urinary Tract Infections; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

Analysis of restriction fragment-length polymorphism of ribosomal DNA regions (ribotypes) was used as an epidemiologic tool to compare 25 pre- and posttreatment strains obtained from 12 patients treated with either cefpodoxime proxetil or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Ribotyping is a promising method to differentiate relapse from reinfection in the treatment failures of Escherichia coli urinary tract infections.

Topics: Amoxicillin; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Clavulanic Acid; Clavulanic Acids; Diagnosis, Differential; DNA, Ribosomal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Infant; Recurrence; Treatment Failure; Urinary Tract Infections

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807), a new oral cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Antibacterial activities of R-3746 (Na-salt of cefpodoxime (CPDX] against clinically isolated strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Branhamella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Haemophilus influenzae were compared with those of cefaclor, cephalexin and cefadroxil. R-3746 is superior to other antibiotics against S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, B. catarrhalis and Gram-negative rods. 2. Serum concentrations of CPDX after administration of CPDX-PR at doses of 3 mg/kg (fasting), 6 mg/kg (non-fasting) and 6 mg/kg (fasting) were determined. Mean AUC (area under curve)'s of CPDX obtained were 9.60, 31.35 and 17.89 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively for the 3 dosages. The mean half-lives of CPDX were 3.35, 1.88 and 1.76 hours, respectively. The mean urinary recovery rate within 8 hours after administration of CPDX-PR at a dose of 3 mg/kg (fasting) was 39.2%. 3. CPDX-PR was administered to 37 pediatric patients with various bacterial infections (pyelonephritis 9, cystitis 4, pneumonia 7, acute bronchitis 3, otitis media 2, tonsillitis 10, subcutaneous abscess 1 and purulent lymphadenitis 1). The overall clinical efficacy rate was 91.9% and the overall bacteriological eradication rate was also 91.9%. 4. No adverse reactions were observed. Abnormal laboratory findings were moderate, eosinophilia in 2 and slight elevation of GOT and GPT in 1. The taste and the odor of the CPDX-PR preparation was sufficiently tolerable. From the above results we have concluded that CPDX-PR is a useful oral antibiotic in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.

Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Infant; Male; Respiratory Tract Infections; Urinary Tract Infections

Cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) dry syrup was administered orally to 31 patients with various infections at daily dose levels between 5.4 and 10.9 mg/kg divided into three doses. 1. The subjects were 3 patients with urinary tract infections, 25 with tonsillitis and 1 patient each with bronchitis, pneumonia, and cervical lymphadenitis. Clinical effects were excellent in 16 cases, good in 14, and fair in 1 (tonsillitis), with an overall efficacy rate of 96.8%. 2. Organisms suspected as pathogens were 32 strains (6 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 2 of Streptococcus pyogenes, 1 of Enterococcus faecalis, 15 of Haemophilus influenzae, 5 of Haemophilus parainfluenzae and 3 of Escherichia coli). Bacteriologically, eradication of pathogens were observed in 30 strains, decrease in one (H. parainfluenzae), and no change in another (E. faecalis), thus the eradication rate was 93.8%. 3. Side effect was observed in 1 case (slight eruption) but it was possible continue the treatment. Abnormal laboratory test values were observed in 1 case of a slight prolongation of prothrombin time and eosinophilia, but they were not serious. Diarrhea was not observed in any patients. 4. All the medication was done on schedule. No refusal of the drug occurred due to its taste or odor.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Respiratory Tract Infections; Urinary Tract Infections

Twenty nine children were treated with cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) and the clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. Ages of the patients ranged from 2 months to 10 years. Dose levels of CPDX-PR ranged from 7.5 to 12.0 mg/kg/day for 5 to 12.7 days. The 29 patients included 9 tonsillitis, 2 otitis media, 5 scarlet fever, 3 bronchopneumonia, 1 lymphadenitis, 8 urinary tract infections and 1 staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, and they were evaluated for the clinical efficacy of CPDX-PR. Results were excellent in 21 and good in 8 patients. Out of the 29 patients, 3 cases showed diarrhea and 2 cases showed elevated GOT and GPT. The pharmacokinetics of CPDX-PR was studied in 9 patients whose ages ranged from 1 to 9 years. The serum peak concentrations of CPDX in 5 patients were between 1.37 and 4.10 micrograms/ml (mean: 2.53 micrograms/ml) at 1 to 6 hours after dosing 3 mg/kg before meals. Those of 4 patients ranged 3.29 to 4.88 micrograms/ml (mean: 4.36 micrograms/ml) at 2 hours after administering 6 mg/kg before meals. Portions of CPDX excreted into urine within 6 hours ranged from 20.3 to 34.3% (mean 27.1%) in 5 patients who were given 3 mg/kg, and ranged from 24.1 to 65.7% (mean 41.1%) in 4 patients given 6 mg/kg.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Tonsillitis; Urinary Tract Infections

Clinical studies of cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR), a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in 60 patients in the pediatric field. The overall efficacy rate on 54 patients with various infections was 98.1%, and few side effects, all of them very mild, were developed in 6 of 60 patients (10%). It was concluded that CPDX-PR was one of the most useful antibiotics in the pediatric field because of the high efficacy rate and the safety.

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pneumonia; Tonsillitis; Urinary Tract Infections

Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807), a newly developed oral cephem, were carried out in the treatment of infectious diseases in the field of pediatrics. 1. Since CPDX demonstrates very powerful antimicrobial actions against such Gram-negative bacilli as Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia sp., such Gram-positive cocci as Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and beta-lactamase producing Branhamella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae, this drug was thought to be useful for the treatment of pediatric infectious diseases when main causative bacteria in the field of pediatrics were taken into account. 2. When changes in blood and urine concentrations of CPDX following the administration of this drug at 3.7 mg/kg before meal were determined, Cmax and T1/2 were found to be 2.98 micrograms/ml at 2-hour and 1.73 hours, respectively; an urinary excretion rate in the first 6 hours and a maximum urine concentration were 32.5% and 52 micrograms/ml, respectively. 3. Clinically, 8 of 8 patients with the upper respiratory tract infections (100%), 28 of 29 patients with bronchitis and/or pneumonia (96.6%), 3 of 4 patients with otitis media (75%), 2 of 2 patients with sinusitis (100%), 3 of 3 patients with the skin soft tissue infections (100%), 1 of 1 patient with bacterial enteritis (100%) and 11 of 14 patients with urinary tract infections (78.6%) responded well to the treatment with CPDX-PR, showing a 91.8% efficacy rate in all the patients treated. 4. Bacteriologically, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, B. catarrhalis, H. influenzae, E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium were all eradicated from 5, 1, 4, 6, 1, 5, 5, 11 and 1 patient, respectively. An eradication rate in all the patients examined was 97.5% (39/40). 5. Gastrointestinal symptoms appeared as side effects in 2 of 71 patients (vomiting in 1 and diarrhea in 1), hence, an incidence of side effects was 2.8% (2/71). As for abnormal laboratory findings, eosinophilia, thrombocytosis and increases in GOT and GPT were observed in 3 of 39 patients examined (7.7%), 1 of 39 patients (2.6%) and 2 of 34 patients (5.9%), respectively. In addition, we also examined the effect of the drug on the hemostatic system, but found no changes upon the treatment. Based on these results, it appeared that CPDX-PR was a useful and safe drug in treatment of infectious di

Topics: Absorption; Adolescent; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Blood Coagulation; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Respiratory Tract Infections; Urinary Tract Infections

Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological, and clinical studies in pediatrics on cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) (pediatric dry syrup) were performed. 1. Serum concentrations and urinary excretions of CPDX after administration of CPDX-PR to children (ages between 6 and 14) were investigated. Four cases were administered with CPDX-PR at a dose level of 3 mg/kg 30 minutes before or after meal. Effects of timings of administration were investigated using a crossover study. Average serum concentrations in the group administered with the drug before meal reached their peaks at 1 hour after administration with an average level of 2.34 +/- 0.16 micrograms/ml and diminished with a half-life of 1.94 +/- 0.08 hours to 0.29 +/- 0.04 microgram/ml at 8 hours after administration. In the group administered with the drug after meal, average serum concentrations attained their peaks at 4 hours after administration at an average level of 1.93 +/- 0.09 micrograms/ml, and decreased with a half-life of 2.08 +/- 0.19 hours to 0.58 +/- 0.16 microgram/ml at 8 hours. Urinary recovery rates of CPDX in the first 8 hours after administration of CPDX-PR in the before-meal and the after-meal groups averaged 34.4 +/- 6.3% and 38.5 +/- 7.0%, respectively. In a separate experiment, 7 cases were administered with CPDX-PR, 30 minutes after meal, at a dose level of either 3 or 6 mg/kg. Effects of the 2 different dose levels were investigated also using a crossover study. Average serum concentrations at their peaks attained at a 4 hours after administration for the 2 dosage groups (3 and 6 mg/kg) were 1.76 +/- 0.11 and 3.08 +/- 0.41 micrograms/ml, respectively. Average half-life values for the 2 groups were 2.40 +/- 0.14 and 2.25 +/- 0.07 hours, respectively, with average 8 hour values of 0.64 +/- 0.10 and 1.30 +/- 0.21 micrograms/ml, respectively. Urinary recovery rates in the first 8 hours after administration averaged 40.4 +/- 3.2% and 46.3 +/- 6.5%, respectively. From these results, it appeared that the absorption of the drug was affected by the timing of administration (before or after meal), and the presence of ingested foods in the digestive system delayed the absorption. The overall quantity absorbed, however, did not seem to be affected by the timing of administration. These data also showed that serum and urinary concentrations of the drug depended on dose levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Topics: Absorption; Administration, Oral; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Respiratory Tract Infections; Urinary Tract Infections

Cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) was evaluated for its efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics in children. CPDX-PR was effective in 93.6% of 47 cases with respiratory tract, middle ear, skin or urinary tract infections. Twice or 3 times daily administration of 3 mg/kg each was sufficient to treat streptococcal pharyngitis and Haemophilus influenzae infections. No severe adverse reaction was encountered in 52 cases treated with CPDX-PR. The serum half-life was approximately 2.17 +/- 0.24 hours after oral administration.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Infant; Male; Respiratory Tract Infections; Urinary Tract Infections

CS-807 is a new cephalosporin orally available. The clinical efficacy and safety of this drug were evaluated in 13 patients with urinary tract infection, including 3 with simple cystitis and 10 with complicated infections. According to the response criteria defined by the Japanese UTI committee, the clinical effectiveness in 8 patients with complicated urinary tract infections regarded evaluable was excellent in 2, moderate in 4 and poor in 2, the overall efficacy rate being 75.0%. Only 1 of the 13 patients studied, developed temporary diarrhea as a drug related adverse reaction.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Cephalosporins; Cystitis; Diarrhea; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Urinary Tract Infections