cefpodoxime-proxetil and Bacterial-Infections
cefpodoxime-proxetil has been researched along with Bacterial-Infections* in 46 studies
Reviews
7 review(s) available for cefpodoxime-proxetil and Bacterial-Infections
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Otitis media.
Acute otitis media (AOM) is diagnosed based on visualization of a full or bulging tympanic membrane with middle ear effusion. The distribution of bacteria causing AOM in North America under the influence of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination and antibiotic selection pressure has resulted in a predominance of β-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae followed by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Although guidelines continue to endorse amoxicillin as the preferred treatment, amoxicillin/clavulanate in high dosage would be the preferred treatment based on the otopathogen mix currently. Antibiotic prophylaxis has fallen into disfavor as a preventative strategy for AOM recurrences. Topics: Age Factors; Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cefdinir; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Cefuroxime; Cephalosporins; Child; Child, Preschool; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Infant; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Moraxella catarrhalis; Otitis Media; Otitis Media with Effusion; Otoscopy; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Time Factors; Tympanic Membrane | 2013 |
Cefpodoxime proxetil: a review of its use in the management of bacterial infections in paediatric patients.
Cefpodoxime proxetil is an oral third generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. The drug has in vitro activity against many common Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens associated with common paediatric infections, making the drug a useful option for empirical therapy. In randomised controlled trials conducted in children with acute otitis media, oral cefpodoxime proxetil 8 to 10 mg/kg/day (usually administered in 2 divided doses) for 5 to 10 days was at least as effective as standard regimens of amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid, cefixime, cefuroxime axetil or cefaclor as assessed by either clinical or bacteriological criteria. Cefpodoxime 8 to 10 mg/kg/day (administered in 2 divided doses) for 5 to 10 days was at least as effective as standard 10-day regimens of penicillin V in the treatment of children with pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis. Significant differences in favour of cefpodoxime proxetil were demonstrated in terms of clinical (1 study) and bacteriological (2 studies) criteria. The clinical efficacy of 5 days of treatment with cefpodoxime proxetil is similar to that of 10 days of treatment with penicillin V. In children with lower respiratory tract infections (primarily pneumonia), clinical and bacteriological efficacy rates achieved with cefpodoxime proxetil treatment were similar to those produced by cefuroxime axetil or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in randomised controlled trials. Cefpodoxime proxetil also demonstrated clinical efficacy in paediatric patients with skin and soft tissue infections. In randomised studies that included both adults and children with a variety of infections (e.g. abscess, atheroma, furuncle and carbuncle, infected wounds, cellulitis), cefpodoxime proxetil showed efficacy similar to that of cefuroxime axetil or cefaclor. Cefpodoxime proxetil is well tolerated by paediatric patients, with adverse events (primarily gastrointestinal tract disturbances and skin rashes) that are consistent with those reported for other oral cephalosporins.. Cefpodoxime proxetil is a third generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and a favourable pharmacokinetic profile which allows twice-daily administration. It is generally well tolerated and demonstrates good bacteriological and clinical efficacy in paediatric patients with various infectious diseases, including acute otitis media, tonsillitis and/or pharyngitis. Based on these characteristics, cefpodoxime proxetil is a suitable option for the treatment of paediatric patients with various common bacterial infections. Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Otitis Media; Prodrugs; Tissue Distribution | 2001 |
Comparison of cefprozil, cefpodoxime proxetil, loracarbef, cefixime, and ceftibuten.
To discuss the pharmacokinetics, spectrum of activity, clinical trials, and adverse effects of cefprozil, cefpodoxime proxetil, loracarbef, cefixime, and ceftibuten, an investigational cephalosporin.. Literature was identified by a MEDLINE search from 1986 to January 1995.. Randomized, controlled studies were selected for evaluation; however, uncontrolled studies were included when data were limited for indications approved by the Food and Drug Administration.. Data were evaluated with respect to in vitro activity, study design, clinical and microbiologic outcomes, and adverse drug reactions.. Cefprozil, cefpodoxime proxetil, loracarbef, cefixime, and cefributen are active in vitro against organisms frequently involved in community-acquired infections such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, beta-lactamase-positive or -negative Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Except for cefixime and ceflibuten, they all are active against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Even though there were problems in study design (discussed within the text), clinical data demonstrate that these new oral beta-lactam compounds are as efficacious as conventional therapies for a variety of community-acquired infections.. Cefprozil, cefpodoxime, cefixime, loracarbef, and ceftibuten demonstrate in vitro activity against the major organisms that cause community-acquired infections. Clinical trials confirm that these agents are as effective as traditional therapies for the management of acute otitis media, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and skin and skin-structure infections. In addition, cefixime and cefpodoxime are effective therapies for uncomplicated gonococcal infections. Selection of a specific agent will be influenced by susceptibility data and safety, as well as issues of compliance and cost. Topics: Bacterial Infections; Cefixime; Cefotaxime; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Cefprozil; Ceftibuten; Ceftizoxime; Cephalosporins; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Prodrugs; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | 1996 |
The role of newer oral cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides in the treatment of pediatric infections.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Azithromycin; Bacterial Infections; Cefixime; Cefotaxime; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Cefprozil; Ceftibuten; Ceftizoxime; Cefuroxime; Cephalosporins; Child; Clarithromycin; Fluoroquinolones; Humans | 1994 |
[(New antimicrobial agent series XLIV): cefpodoxime proxetil].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Male | 1993 |
Cefpodoxime proxetil: a new, broad-spectrum, oral cephalosporin.
To discuss the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, spectrum of activity, clinical trials, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage guidelines of cefpodoxime proxetil.. Literature was identified through a MEDLINE search from 1988 to the present and from review of bibliographies in that literature.. Data were limited to comparative trials published in the English literature. Although many studies were conducted in Japan, the results often were available only in Japanese or partly in English. As these studies could not be completely evaluated, they are not included in this review.. Cefpodoxime exhibits good activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. In clinical trials, cefpodoxime was similar in both clinical and bacteriologic efficacy to amoxicillin, cefaclor, amoxicillin/clavulanate, and penicillin in the treatment of respiratory and urinary tract infections. It also appeared effective in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections, although no comparative trials have been performed. Cefpodoxime is well tolerated by children and is effective in the treatment of otitis media and pharyngitis. It has a similar adverse effect profile to that of other penicillins and cephalosporins, with gastrointestinal effects being most common.. Cefpodoxime demonstrates good in vitro activity against pathogens frequently associated with respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin and tissue infections. It has not demonstrated greater efficacy than the other antibiotics to which it has been compared. The available published clinical trials are fraught with methodologic, statistical, and evaluative flaws. Thus, further trials comparing cefpodoxime with established treatments, as well as the newer cephalosporins, are needed before its place in therapy can be established. Topics: Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Male; Otitis Media; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Urinary Tract Infections | 1993 |
Cefpodoxime proxetil.
Topics: Adult; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Child; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Otitis Media; Pharyngitis; Respiratory Tract Infections; Urinary Tract Infections | 1993 |
Trials
11 trial(s) available for cefpodoxime-proxetil and Bacterial-Infections
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Pharmacoeconomic benefit of antibiotic step-down therapy: converting patients from intravenous ceftriaxone to oral cefpodoxime proxetil.
To evaluate the economic benefit associated with the early conversion of therapy from intravenous ceftiaxone to the comparable oral third-generation cephalosporin, cefpodoxime proxetil.. Open-label, unblind, nonrandomized clinical trial.. A 360-bed Veterans Affairs Medical Center.. Forty patients who began receiving intravenous ceftriaxone for either a community-acquired pneumonia or a complicated urinary tract infection.. twenty patients were selected, based on clinical assessment, to be converted from intravenous ceftriaxone to oral cefpodoxime proxetil. Twenty other comparable patients who would have been appropriate for step-down therapy, did not receive pharmacy intervention and were used as a control group.. Both groups were assessed and compared for length of ceftiaxone therapy, length of oral follow-up therapy (if any), length of hospitalization, results of culture and sensitivity testing, treatment success and readmissions, and cost of respective therapeutic regimens.. In the cefpodoxime study group, the average time receiving intravenous and oral antibiotics was 9.1 days at a total cost of $3040.26 for the 20 patients. In the control group, the average time receiving intravenous and oral antibiotics was 11.9 days at a total cost of $3961.26. A savings of $46.05 per patient was achieved. Patients receiving step-down therapy averaged 1 fewer day of hospitalization.. Pharmacist intervention and cefpodoxime step-down therapy were associated with decreased overall antibiotic costs in our intravenous-to-oral program. Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Ceftriaxone; Colorado; Community-Acquired Infections; Costs and Cost Analysis; Drug Costs; Female; Hospital Bed Capacity, 300 to 499; Hospitals, Veterans; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Pharmacy Service, Hospital; Pneumonia; Prodrugs; Urinary Tract Infections | 1995 |
Once-a-day therapy of cefpodoxime proxetil for respiratory tract infections.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Cephalosporins; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prodrugs; Respiratory Tract Infections | 1995 |
[Clinical evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil on the treatment of bacterial infections].
122 patients with bacterial infections of respiratory tract, ear, nose, and throat, urinary tract and skin and soft tissue were treated with cefpodoxime proxetil. In the treatments of patients with clinical efficacy tates of cefpodoxime proxetil for infections in these four systems were 90.0%, 97.5%, 90.0% and 86.4%, respectively. The bacterial clearance rate of gram-positive bacterial was 96.9%, and that of gram-negative bacteria 96.4%. Adverse drug reaction rate was 18.9%. Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Humans; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Prodrugs; Pyelonephritis; Tonsillitis | 1994 |
[The clinical study of cefpodoxime proxetil dry syrup preparation in the pediatric field].
The clinical efficacy was examined for the newly developed oral cephem antibiotic, cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR) dry syrup, in the treatment of various acute infections in the field of pediatrics. CPDX-PR dry syrup was administered at 10 mg/kg/day in 3-divided doses to 535 children at 21 institutions, including Tottori University Hospital and its related hospitals. The efficacy rate of this drug was determined to be 80.8%. Among isolates, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sp. were highly susceptible to the drug, whereas Haemophilus influenzae showed relatively poor susceptibility. Side effects were observed in 2.80% of all of the patients, and abnormal laboratory findings were detected in 1.87%. The low incident of side effects demonstrated its high safety, and this drug was considered to be very useful for such pediatric infections as acute tonsillitis, acute pharyngitis and acute bronchitis. Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male | 1994 |
[Clinical evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil in otorhinolaryngological infections].
In this study, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR) in otorhinolaryngological infections. The subjects were 205 patients (85 men and 120 women) with various otorhinolaryngological infections, aged from 16 to 81 years (mean 49.2 years): 113 patients had acute infections, 25 patients had chronic infections and 67 patients had acute exacerbation of chronic infections. 1. Clinical evaluation The overall efficacy rate was 75.6%. When classified by disease, the efficacy rate was 84.9%, 60.0%, 65.6% in acute infections, chronic infections and acute exacerbation of chronic infections, respectively. 2. Bacteriological evaluation Frequencies of isolation of different organisms were studied: 49 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 27 strains of Staphylococcus sp. and 15 strains of Streptococcus sp. were found in the decreasing order of frequencies. Antibacterial activities against S. aureus, Staphylococcus sp. and several other organisms were compared among CPDX-PR, ampicillin, cefaclor, cefteram and norfloxacin: CPDX-PR showed the highest activity. 3. Side effect Mild urticaria was observed in only 1 patient. Abnormal laboratory test results were mild elevation of GOT and GPT in 3 of 43 patients. Based on the above results, we consider that CPDX-PR is useful for treatment of otorhinolaryngological infections. Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Prodrugs; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections | 1994 |
Comparison of oral cefpodoxime proxetil and cefaclor in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections.
This multicenter, randomized, double-blind study was designed to compare the safety and efficacy of cefpodoxime proxetil and cefaclor in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. Patients were aged > or = 12 years with acute (< or = 7 days duration), single-site skin or skin-structure infections. The 7- to 10-day treatment regimens were cefpodoxime proxetil (400 mg cefpodoxime) orally with food twice a day with cefaclor-matched placebo (orally, fasting, three times a day); or cefaclor (Ceclor; 500 mg anhydrous equivalent) orally, fasting, three times a day, with cefpodoxime-matched placebo (orally with food twice a day). Clinical progress and cultures were evaluated upon admission to the study; on study days 7-10 and 15-18; and 2-3 weeks after treatment. Cefpodoxime had lower minimum inhibitory concentrations against the majority of Staphylococcus species than did cefaclor. Both treatments were highly effective (99% pathogen eradication and 86% cure rate). These high eradication rates were not unexpected in this study of minor infections in which patients with resistant pathogens were excluded. Cefaclor had a higher failure rate [2 (4%) of 57], than did cefpodoxime [2 (1%) of 139; p not significant]. Most patients in both groups completed treatment as planned: 185 (74%) of 249 cefpodoxime-treated patients and 91 (75%) of 122 cefaclor-treated patients. Both treatments were well tolerated and considered safe and effective in the treatment of skin and skin structure infections. However, the twice-a-day dosing regimen for cefpodoxime proxetil compared with the three-times-a-day regimen for cefaclor may result in better patient compliance. Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Bacterial Infections; Cefaclor; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Connective Tissue Diseases; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prodrugs; Safety; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Staphylococcal Infections | 1993 |
Clinical trials of cefpodoxime proxetil suspension in paediatrics.
The pharmacokinetics, bacteriological and clinical efficacy, and safety of the suspension formulation of cefpodoxime proxetil, an oral cephalosporin antibacterial, were evaluated in paediatric patients with various infections. With single doses of 3 and 6 mg/kg (cefpodoxime equivalent) a dose response was evident in the serum concentration values. Absorption, as evidenced by serum concentrations and areas under the concentration-time curve, was enhanced when the suspension was administered before a meal. The overall clinical efficacy (defined as an excellent or good response) in evaluable patients (those from whom a pathogen was isolated) was 94.7% (451 of 476). Bacteriological eradication rates were as follows: Gram-positive bacteria 91.3%; Gram-negative bacteria 88.6%, and 90.0% overall. Side effects occurred in 17 (2.29%) patients, and transient and reversible abnormal laboratory values were found in a few patients. Topics: Adolescent; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Prodrugs; Suspensions | 1991 |
[Overall clinical evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil against infections in pediatric fields].
Dry syrup and tablet of newly developed cefpodoxime proxetil (CS-807, CPDX-PR) was investigated in the departments of pediatrics of 17 institutes and their related hospitals. 1. Pharmacokinetics of CPDX-PR in pediatrics were investigated. Peak blood levels of CPDX at dose levels of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg were 2.24 +/- 0.21 and 4.68 +/- 0.54 micrograms/ml, respectively, in fasting and 1.65 +/- 0.07 and 3.71 +/- 0.41 micrograms/ml, respectively, after meal. Urinary recovery rates in 6 hours were 31.2 +/- 2.2% of dose in average. 2. Clinical efficacies of CPDX-PR on various infectious diseases were studied in 748 cases. Clinical efficacy rate in 499 cases with causative bacteria isolated was 94.6%: efficacy rates for individual infections were 96.8% (120/124) for tonsillitis, 96.0% (96/100) for urinary tract infection, 93.5% (58/62) for pneumonia, 92.4% (61/66) for impetigo, 100% (32/32) for scarler fever and 93.2% for pharyngitis or laryngitis. Bacteriological eradication rate for Gram-positive organisms was 91.0% (244/268); and for Gram-negative organisms, 89.7% (210/234). The clinical efficacy rate for cases which were non-responsive to previous antibiotic therapy was 88.1% (74/84). 3. Side effects and clinical laboratory findings were investigated in 779 cases. Two each of vomiting, loose stool and rash, 10 of diarrhea and 1 of diarrhea associated with candidiasis were reported, but no serious side effects were noted. There was no serious laboratory test abnormality except slight elevations of eosinophile, platelet, transaminase or prolongation of prothrombin time, totalling 34 occurrences. Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Infant; Japan; Male; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Tonsillitis; Urinary Tract Infections | 1989 |
[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil dry syrup in the field of pediatrics].
Cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) is a new oral cephem derivative drug in which carboxylic acid was esterified to the 4-position of CPDX (oxime type cephem antibiotic). CPDX-PR is hydrolyzed mainly with esterase in intestinal wall and CPDX exists as an active form in body fluid. While there are numerous study reports using CPDX-PR in tablet forms in Japan, the dry syrup formula for pediatric use was newly developed. The dry syrup of CPDX-PR was orally administered 20 minutes after meal to the 6 boys of ages from 8 years and 1 month to 10 years and 10 months, with doses of 3 and 6 mg/kg, respectively, for 3 cases each. Serum concentrations and urinary concentrations and recovery rate of the drug were investigated. In addition to the above, the clinical and bacteriological studies were performed in a total of 105 cases consisting of children with ages ranging from 2 months to 11 years and 8 months, upon administering an average dose of 3.4 mg/kg, 3 to 4 times per day (96 cases of 3 times and 9 cases of 4 times). The 105 cases included 13 cases of pharyngitis, 21 cases of tonsillitis, 4 cases of acute bronchitis, 6 cases of pneumonia, 1 case of pleurisy, 13 cases of scarlet fever, 41 cases of urinary tract infection, 3 cases of posthitis and 3 cases of bacillary dysentery. Drug sensitivity test was performed for the following strains: (i) Strains retained by our department; 52 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 18 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae, and 11 strains of Bordetella pertussis, and (ii) strains isolated from cases to which CPDX-PR was administered; 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 8 strains of S. pyogenes, 2 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 10 strains of Escherichia coli, and 1 strain of Proteus mirabilis. Drug sensitivities of the strains retained by our department were tested with the inoculum sizes of 10(8) and 10(6) cfu/ml for R-3746 (Na-salt of CPDX), cefaclor (CCL), cephalexin (CEX), amoxicillin (AMPC), and methicillin (DMPPC), and those against strains separated from the cases to which CPDX-PR was administered were tested with the same inoculum sizes for R-3746, CCL, CEX, cefadroxil, ampicillin (ABPC), DMPPC and cloxacillin (MCIPC). Adverse reactions and abnormal clinical laboratory test results were also examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) Topics: Absorption; Administration, Oral; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Infant; Japan; Male; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Respiratory Tract Infections; Scarlet Fever; Urinary Tract Infections | 1989 |
[Clinical study of cefpodoxime proxetil dry syrup for skin and soft tissue infections in the field of pediatrics].
Concurrently with administering a newly developed cephem derivative antibiotic (CEP), cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) dry syrup, to children with skin and soft tissue infections, activities of 7 drugs against a group of microorganisms were tested. The drugs tested included 4 drugs of the cephem group, R-3746, a Na-salt form of CPDX, cefaclor (CCL), cephalexin (CEX) and cefadroxil (CDX), and 3 drugs of the penicillin group, ampicillin (ABPC), methicillin (DMPPC) and cloxacillin (MCIPC). The bacterial strains tested were 71 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 1 strain of Streptococcus pyogenes, all isolated from the above cases of pediatric infections. Inoculum sizes used in these tests were 10(6) and 10(8) cfu/ml. Ages of children in those cases to which the drug was administered ranged from 2 months to 15 years. A total of 66 cases were treated, including 60 cases of impetigo, 5 cases of subcutaneous abscess and 1 case of phlegmon. The drug was administered for an average of 6 days with a daily average dose level of 9.4 mg/kg divided into 3 doses except 1 case where a twice daily dose regimen was used. Clinical and bacteriological effects were examined, and the occurrence of adverse reactions and abnormal laboratory test results were recorded. The results of these tests are summarized below. 1. The activity test for R-3746 (Na-salt of CPDX) against 71 strains of S. aureus performed at an inoculum level of 10(8) cfu/ml showed 2 peaks of MIC values, one in a range of 1.56 to 6.25 micrograms/ml and the other higher than 100 micrograms/ml. The most prevalent MIC value was 3.13 micrograms/ml with MIC against 51 strains or 71.8% of the strains tested showing this value, and MIC values of 25 micrograms/ml or higher were obtained for 13 strains or 18.3% of the strains tested. The MIC80 was 6.25 micrograms/ml. Thus, R-3746 showed an antibacterial activity slightly weaker than MCIPC and DMPPC but similar to CCL, CEX and CDX. MIC values obtained at an inoculum level of 10(6) cfu/ml also had 2 peaks, one in a range of 1.56 to 3.13 micrograms/ml and the other higher than 25 micrograms/ml. Strains against which R-3746 had the MIC value of 3.13 micrograms/ml were the most numerous with 47 strains or 66.2%, and strains against which the MIC value of higher than 25 micrograms/ml was obtained were next with 13 strains or 18.3%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) Topics: Abscess; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Cellulitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Impetigo; Infant; Japan; Male; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Skin Diseases; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pyogenes | 1989 |
[Comparative clinical study of CS-807 and cefaclor for bacterial pneumonia by a double-blind method].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Cefaclor; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Cephalexin; Cephalosporins; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Pneumonia | 1988 |
Other Studies
28 other study(ies) available for cefpodoxime-proxetil and Bacterial-Infections
Article | Year |
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[Antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime against clinical isolates in 2000 and 2001].
As the post-marketing surveillance of cefpodoxime proxetil (Banan), MICs of cefpodoxime (CPDX, an active form of Banan) against 1090 clinical isolates of 22 species from 15 medical institutions all over Japan from June 2000 to March 2001 were measured using the broth microdilution method approved by the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and compared with those of oral cephem antibacterials, cefaclor, cefdinir, cefditoren, and cefcapene. In this study, remarkable change in the activity of CPDX was observed in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae compared with the susceptibility in the studies before Banan was launched. This cause is considered to be the increase in the incidence of the following resistant strains: penicillin-intermediate S. pneumoniae (47.3%), penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP, 15.1%), and beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) H. influenzae (24.0%), which were scarcely isolated in 1989 when Banan was launched. Other tested drugs also exhibited low activity against these resistant strains. However, CPDX showed comparatively good activity with MIC90 of 2 micrograms/mL against PRSP. Against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Moraxella catarrhalis, CPDX also showed comparatively good activity with MIC90 of < or = 4 micrograms/mL, which was almost equal to that in the studies before its marketing. Against quinolones-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae, CPDX showed excellent activity with MIC90 of 0.5 microgram/mL. Against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae except for Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter spp., Proteus vulgaris, and Morganella morganii, CPDX showed good activity. However, in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. Proteus spp., and Providencia spp., there are some high-resistant strains to all tested drugs including CPDX. Against Peptostreptococcus spp., MIC90 of CPDX was 8 micrograms/mL and its MIC range was widely distributed from 0.03 to 32 micrograms/mL, which were similar to those in the studies before its marketing. In this study, CPDX showed the decrease in the activity against several species as did other drugs tested, but against most of species tested, CPDX maintained good activity. Furthermore, it is necessary to pay much attention to the trend of resistant strains. Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefaclor; Cefdinir; Cefpodoxime; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Cephalosporins; Child; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Japan; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; Time Factors | 2002 |
[Observational study of the tolerance and effectiveness of cefpodoxim-proxetil in general practice].
BACKGROUND, OUTCOME AND METHODS: Observational study of the clinical efficacy and tolerance of the cefpodoxime proxetil preparation, Podomexef. The study was conducted from August 1996 to April 1997. A total of 549 practitioners participated, 2,734 patients were recruited, and the data of 2714 patients were analyzed.. Podomexef 200 film tablets, 2x daily.. Bacterial infections of the upper and lower airways and ENT infections.. Global clinical efficacy was assessed by the physicians to be "very good" and "good" in 96.4% of the cases. With regard to tolerance, the physicians' assessment was "very good" and "good" in 96.3%. In 51 patients (1.9%), 70 adverse drug reactions involving the gastrointestinal tract, CNS and skin occurred.. Under day-to-day doctor's office conditions, Podomexef 200 film tablets are both effective and well tolerated in the treatment of bacterial infections of the airways and ENT infections. Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bronchitis; Bronchopneumonia; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Family Practice; Humans; Patient Care Team; Prodrugs; Sinusitis | 2002 |
[Treatment of infectious complications affecting the skin and soft tissues with cefpodoxime proxetil].
The authors present their experience with antimicrobial treatment with cephalosporin of the third generation, cefpodoxime proxetil, in skin and soft tissue infections in a group of patients treated at the ambulatory department of the Surgical Clinic in Prague 10 in 1995. From the total number antimicrobial treatment was administered to 6 patients with a phlegmon, 5 patients with panaritium, 4 patients with an early infection after laparotomy, 3 with an abscess in the subcutaneous layer, and with cheilitis and bursitis of the olecranon in the remaining two patients. In addition to surgical treatment (incision, evacuation and drainage) cefpodoxime proxetil-200 mg after 12-hour intervals for 6-9 days-was administered to the patients. For microbiological examination a smear from the inflammatory focus and from the nasopharynx was used. The cefpodoxime proxetil serum level was assessed during the 1st-11th hour after administration of the antibiotic. All 20 patients recovered. Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prodrugs; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Soft Tissue Infections | 1996 |
[Reevaluation of current antimicrobials. Cefpodoxime proxetil. Discussion].
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Prodrugs | 1995 |
Clinical evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil dry syrup in pediatric cutaneous bacterial infection.
Topics: Adolescent; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Cephalosporins; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Prodrugs; Skin Diseases, Infectious | 1995 |
Microbiological and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil for bacterial skin and soft tissue infections in pediatric patients.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Cephalosporins; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Prodrugs; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Soft Tissue Infections | 1995 |
Evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil dry syrup in pediatric patients with various infections.
Topics: Adolescent; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Cephalosporins; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Prodrugs | 1995 |
A multi-institutional study on clinical effectiveness of cefpodoxime proxetil dry syrup in childhood infections.
Topics: Adolescent; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Cephalosporins; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Prodrugs | 1995 |
Clinical evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil in patients with dermatological infections.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Cephalosporins; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Prodrugs; Skin Diseases, Infectious | 1995 |
In vitro antimicrobial activities of lactoferrin, its concomitant use with cefpodoxime proxetil and clinical effect of cefpodoxime proxetil.
As one of the biodefense mechanisms, lactoferrin (LFN) in the secreta of female genital organ may be an interesting biological material in view of its antimicrobial activity. In the present study, we investigated antimicrobial activities of LFN and its combination with cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR), we also as evaluated clinical effect of CPDX-PR. The following results were obtained. 1. Antimicrobial activities of LFN were tested against 15 strains of 10 species of bacteria, and potent activities against Staphylococcus aureus 209P, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus spp. were found. 2. In a concomitant use of LFN with CPDX-PR (a checkerboard method), synergistic actions were observed against S. aureus 209P, E. coli STf, K. pneumoniae 602 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1046, and additive actions against E. coli NIHJ and Providencia rettgeri 1603. In 3 strains, the MICs of CPDX-PR in the presence of LFN were reduced to < 1/64. 3. In the evaluation of clinical effect of CPDX-PR, efficacy rates were 53/57 (92.9%) in a patient group with infections. The incidence of adverse reaction was 0/57. Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Lactoferrin | 1993 |
Cefpodoxime proxetil--a new oral cephalosporin.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests | 1992 |
In-vitro activity of cefpodoxime proxetil (RU 51807): a comparative disk diffusion study on isolates from geriatric patients.
997 strains isolated from clinical specimens arrived at the "Pio Albergo Trivulzio" microbiology laboratory were tested using disks of cefpodoxime, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, cefaclor, cefuroxime, ofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, ceftriaxone and cefalexin. Gram-positive strains were tested also with erythromycin, while gram-negative bacteria were tested against aztreonam. Cefpodoxime overall activity was well above the effectiveness of the other oral cephalosporins and on the same order as ceftriaxone and ofloxacin. Cefpodoxime proved to be also more active than the combination amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Diffusion Chambers, Culture; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests | 1991 |
[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil in the pediatric field].
Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807), a new oral cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Antibacterial activities of R-3746 (Na-salt of cefpodoxime (CPDX] against clinically isolated strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Branhamella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Haemophilus influenzae were compared with those of cefaclor, cephalexin and cefadroxil. R-3746 is superior to other antibiotics against S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, B. catarrhalis and Gram-negative rods. 2. Serum concentrations of CPDX after administration of CPDX-PR at doses of 3 mg/kg (fasting), 6 mg/kg (non-fasting) and 6 mg/kg (fasting) were determined. Mean AUC (area under curve)'s of CPDX obtained were 9.60, 31.35 and 17.89 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively for the 3 dosages. The mean half-lives of CPDX were 3.35, 1.88 and 1.76 hours, respectively. The mean urinary recovery rate within 8 hours after administration of CPDX-PR at a dose of 3 mg/kg (fasting) was 39.2%. 3. CPDX-PR was administered to 37 pediatric patients with various bacterial infections (pyelonephritis 9, cystitis 4, pneumonia 7, acute bronchitis 3, otitis media 2, tonsillitis 10, subcutaneous abscess 1 and purulent lymphadenitis 1). The overall clinical efficacy rate was 91.9% and the overall bacteriological eradication rate was also 91.9%. 4. No adverse reactions were observed. Abnormal laboratory findings were moderate, eosinophilia in 2 and slight elevation of GOT and GPT in 1. The taste and the odor of the CPDX-PR preparation was sufficiently tolerable. From the above results we have concluded that CPDX-PR is a useful oral antibiotic in the treatment of bacterial infections in children. Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Infant; Male; Respiratory Tract Infections; Urinary Tract Infections | 1989 |
[Clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil dry syrup in the field of pediatrics].
Cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) dry syrup was administered orally to 31 patients with various infections at daily dose levels between 5.4 and 10.9 mg/kg divided into three doses. 1. The subjects were 3 patients with urinary tract infections, 25 with tonsillitis and 1 patient each with bronchitis, pneumonia, and cervical lymphadenitis. Clinical effects were excellent in 16 cases, good in 14, and fair in 1 (tonsillitis), with an overall efficacy rate of 96.8%. 2. Organisms suspected as pathogens were 32 strains (6 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 2 of Streptococcus pyogenes, 1 of Enterococcus faecalis, 15 of Haemophilus influenzae, 5 of Haemophilus parainfluenzae and 3 of Escherichia coli). Bacteriologically, eradication of pathogens were observed in 30 strains, decrease in one (H. parainfluenzae), and no change in another (E. faecalis), thus the eradication rate was 93.8%. 3. Side effect was observed in 1 case (slight eruption) but it was possible continue the treatment. Abnormal laboratory test values were observed in 1 case of a slight prolongation of prothrombin time and eosinophilia, but they were not serious. Diarrhea was not observed in any patients. 4. All the medication was done on schedule. No refusal of the drug occurred due to its taste or odor. Topics: Administration, Oral; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Respiratory Tract Infections; Urinary Tract Infections | 1989 |
[The influence of cefpodoxime proxetil on the intestinal bacterial flora].
The influence of cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807), a new oral cephalosporin, on the intestinal bacterial flora was studied in tetra-contaminated mice and in pediatric patients. CPDX-PR dry syrup was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg once a day for 5 consecutive days to mice contaminated with 4 different species of bacteria: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacteroides fragilis and Bifidobacterium breve. No notable changes were observed in fecal viable cell counts except that slight decreases of E. coli counts were observed on the days 3 to 5 after starting administration. The subjects in the pediatric study were 5 children with infections, 3 boys and 2 girls at ages from 1 year 1 month to 6 years 10 months, with their body weights ranging from 9.3 to 23.8 kg. CPDX-PR dry syrup was administered at a dose between 3.0 to 3.7 mg/kg, 3 times a day for 4 to 7 days. Although some variations of the fecal bacterial flora were noticed between subjects during the administration of CPDX-PR, no notable changes were observed in major aerobic and anaerobic bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium in 4 of the 5 cases. Large decreases in Streptococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium and anaerobic cocci and an increase in Enterococcus were observed in the other case. There was no case in which glucose non-fermenting Gram-negative rods and fungi became predominant. Regarding Enterobacteriaceae, transitory bacterial replacement was observed within the genus. Fecal concentration of CPDX during the administration of CPDX-PR was extremely low or below the detectable limit except one specimen from a case in which intestinal bacterial flora showed remarkable changes. From the above, CPDX-PR appears to be a drug with a relatively small influence on the intestinal bacterial flora. Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Child; Child, Preschool; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Feces; Female; Humans; Infant; Intestines; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR | 1989 |
[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil in children].
Twenty nine children were treated with cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) and the clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. Ages of the patients ranged from 2 months to 10 years. Dose levels of CPDX-PR ranged from 7.5 to 12.0 mg/kg/day for 5 to 12.7 days. The 29 patients included 9 tonsillitis, 2 otitis media, 5 scarlet fever, 3 bronchopneumonia, 1 lymphadenitis, 8 urinary tract infections and 1 staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, and they were evaluated for the clinical efficacy of CPDX-PR. Results were excellent in 21 and good in 8 patients. Out of the 29 patients, 3 cases showed diarrhea and 2 cases showed elevated GOT and GPT. The pharmacokinetics of CPDX-PR was studied in 9 patients whose ages ranged from 1 to 9 years. The serum peak concentrations of CPDX in 5 patients were between 1.37 and 4.10 micrograms/ml (mean: 2.53 micrograms/ml) at 1 to 6 hours after dosing 3 mg/kg before meals. Those of 4 patients ranged 3.29 to 4.88 micrograms/ml (mean: 4.36 micrograms/ml) at 2 hours after administering 6 mg/kg before meals. Portions of CPDX excreted into urine within 6 hours ranged from 20.3 to 34.3% (mean 27.1%) in 5 patients who were given 3 mg/kg, and ranged from 24.1 to 65.7% (mean 41.1%) in 4 patients given 6 mg/kg. Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Tonsillitis; Urinary Tract Infections | 1989 |
[A clinical study on cefpodoxime proxetil dry syrup in pediatric infections].
Clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil (CS-807, CPDX-PR) dry syrup were carried out in the field of pediatrics, and the results are summarized as follows. 1. Eleven year-old male and 12 year-old female were administered orally at a dose level of 5.6 and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively, after or before meal. Cmax and T1/2 were 5.0 micrograms/ml and 2.13 hours, respectively, for the male and 4.04 micrograms/ml and 1.63 hours, respectively, for the female. 2. Good clinical responses were obtained in 21 of 22 child patients with bacterial pharyngitis, tonsillitis, scarlet fever and urinary tract infections. One child with Mycoplasma pneumonia did not respond. As to bacteriological effects, eradication of pathogens was observed in 8 out of 11 strains, showing an eradication rate of 72.7%. 3. As to side effect, 1 case of loose stool was observed, but there was no need of discontinuing the drug treatment. Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Pharyngitis; Tonsillitis | 1989 |
[Clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil in the pediatric fields].
Cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) was given orally to 18 children with acute bacterial infections including 10 with acute tonsillitis, 3 with acute bronchitis, 1 with pneumonia, 3 with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and 1 with infectious impetigo. Daily dosages per kg bodyweight ranging from 7.5 to 18 mg were given in 2 or 3 divided doses per day for 5 to 15 days. Clinical responses were excellent in 3 (16.7%), good in 11 (61.1%), fair in 4 (22.2%) and poor in 0 (0%), with an overall efficacy rate of 77.8%. Good bacteriological responses were obtained in 6 out of the 7 cases from which pathogens were identified. No side effect was observed. The above results suggest that CPDX-PR is a useful new oral cephalosporin derivative for the treatment of bacterial infections in children. Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Bacterial Infections; Bronchitis; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome; Tonsillitis | 1989 |
[Clinical studies of cefpodoxime proxetil in pediatric field].
Clinical studies of cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR), a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in 60 patients in the pediatric field. The overall efficacy rate on 54 patients with various infections was 98.1%, and few side effects, all of them very mild, were developed in 6 of 60 patients (10%). It was concluded that CPDX-PR was one of the most useful antibiotics in the pediatric field because of the high efficacy rate and the safety. Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pneumonia; Tonsillitis; Urinary Tract Infections | 1989 |
[Study of efficacy, safety and dosage on cefpodoxime proxetil in pediatric infections].
Cefpodoxime proxetil (CS-807, CPDX-PR), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was investigated for its usefulness in pediatrics. 1. The total number of patients treated were 21 with their ages ranging from 3 months to 9 years and 1 month, consisting of 5 male and 16 female infants. 2. Single dosages of the drug ranged between 4.4 mg and 5.8 mg/kg with oral administration for 3 times daily in fasting. A total aggregated dosage was between 46.4 mg/kg and 200.0 mg/kg. The length of administration was 3 to 12 days. 3. The breakdown of symptoms were 9 cases of acute pharyngitis, 5 cases of acute tonsillitis, 3 cases of acute bronchitis, and 1 case each of impetigo + purulent rhinitis, cervical lymphadenitis, scarlet fever, and urinary tract infection. 4. The clinical efficacy rate was 100% with 18 excellent responses and 3 good responses. 5. The bacteriological efficacy rate was 90.9% in eradication rate, based on results on 17 strains of suspected causative microorganism among which 10 strains were eradicated, 1 strain was decreased, and 6 strains were unknown. 6. There was no side effect during the treatment and after the discontinuation, while, in clinical laboratory tests, GOT and GPT were elevated in 1 case which was judged as abnormal. No patient refused the drug. CPDX-PR was considered to be very useful drug because of its excellent efficacy and safety in pediatrics in treating infectious diseases. Topics: Administration, Oral; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Pharyngitis; Tonsillitis | 1989 |
[A clinical evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil in pediatrics].
Children with acute infections were treated with cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807), a new oral cephalosporin. 1. A girl of 4 years old, weighing 17 kg, and another girl of 12 years old, weighing 33 kg, were administered orally each 3 mg/kg of CPDX-PR. Blood levels of CPDX reached peaks of 1.39 and 2.26 micrograms/ml at 4 hours-post-dose, and T1/2's were 2.09 and 2.63 hours, respectively. Cumulative urinary recovery rates for 8 hours were 57.3 and 80.9%, respectively. 2. A total of 30 patients was treated with CPDX-PR. These patients included 10 with acute tonsillitis, 6 with acute bronchitis, 5 with bronchopneumonia, 2 with scarlet fever and 2 with urinary tract infections, and one each with acute pneumonia, acute otitis media, acute otitis media plus sweat gland abscess, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and acute lymphadenitis. The treatment was effective in 27 cases out of 29 (except one with an unknown response) with a clinical efficacy rate of 93.1%. 3. Bacteriological responses to CPDX-PR were as follows; eradication of pathogen in 7, and unknown in 2 out of 9 cases from whom pathogens had been isolated prior to the treatment. 4. As a side effect, diarrhea was observed in 1 patient, but it was possible to continue the treatment. With regard to laboratory tests, a slight elevation of GOT and slight elevations of GOT and GPT were found in 1 case each. Topics: Absorption; Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Bacterial Infections; Bronchitis; Bronchopneumonia; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Tonsillitis | 1989 |
[Evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil in the pediatric field].
Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) were performed in the field of pediatrics. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Peak serum concentrations of CPDX upon single oral doses of 3.0 mg/kg and 4.4 mg/kg of CPDX-PR were 1.26-1.46 micrograms/ml and 1.45 micrograms/ml, respectively, achieved at 4 hours and 1 hour after administration. Urinary excretion rates for CPDX in the first 8 hours ranged between 28.1 and 30.2%. 2. Clinical efficacy rates for pediatric infections obtained at single dose levels ranging 3 to 6 mg/kg were 97.5%, and that at a single dose of 1 mg/kg were 90.9%. 3. Bacteriological effectiveness was determined in 45 strains identified in recent cases. Eradication rates for these bacteria at dose levels of 3 to 6 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg were 91.3% and 95.5%, respectively. 4. No side effect nor abnormal laboratory test data were found in any of the cases examined. From these results, CPDX-PR appeared to be a useful antibiotic agent in the field of pediatrics. Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bronchitis; Cefpodoxime; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Scarlet Fever; Tonsillitis | 1989 |
[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil in the pediatric field].
In bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807), the following results were obtained: 1. Antibacteriological activity Antibacteriological activity of R-3746 (Na-salt of cefpodoxime), cefaclor (CCL), cephalexin, cefroxadine (CXD), cefazolin (CEZ), cephalothin (CET) and amoxicillin (AMPC) were studied against clinical isolated bacteria following as: Staphylococcus aureus (resistant or sensitive of methicillin), Escherichia coli (resistant or sensitive to CEZ), Klebsiella pneumoniae (resistant or sensitive to CEZ), Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter cloacae. Antibacterial activities of CXD and CET, however, were not tested against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) or CEZ resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae. R-3746 showed stronger activities than any of the other oral antibiotics against these strains except S. aureus against which it showed slightly less activity than AMPC. Most frequent MIC values of R-3746 to S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis were 1.56, 0.39, less than or equal to 0.10 and less than or equal to 0.10 microgram/ml, respectively. Against isolated strains of MRSA, MICs of R-3746 were higher than 25 micrograms/ml with 23 strains (77%), which were similar to MIC values of CCL and AMPC against these organisms. MIC values of R-3746 against CEZ resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae were superior to MICs of other antibiotics, and the MIC50 value was 0.20 micrograms/ml. Against many isolated strains of E. cloacae MIC values of R-3746 were relatively high ranging 0.78 to greater than 100 micrograms/ml. MIC50 of R-3746 against E. cloacae was 12.5 micrograms/ml. 2. Absorption and excretion Serum concentration and urinary excretion of CPDX (the active form of CPDX-PR) were studied upon single oral administration of CPDX-PR at 3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg (dry syrup) or 100 mg (tablet). The peak of serum concentration of CPDX was attained in 1-6 hours 1-4 hours and 2-6 hours after administration of CPDX-PR at the 3 different dosage levels, and they were 0.99-2.99 micrograms/ml, 4.30-7.05 micrograms/ml and 1.65-2.93 micrograms/ml, respectively. At 8 hours after administration, mean concentrations of CPDX for the 3 groups were 0.31, 0.83 and 0.66 micrograms/ml, respectively. As the average AUC's for the 3 groups were 8.16, 25.97 and 10.79 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively. Urinary recovery rates of CPDX for the 3 groups were 20.9-56.2, 28.3-49.7 and 35.1-50.4%, respectively in the first 8 hours after a Topics: Absorption; Adolescent; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Cephalosporins; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Pneumonia; Tonsillitis | 1989 |
[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil in the field of pediatrics].
Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807), a newly developed oral cephem, were carried out in the treatment of infectious diseases in the field of pediatrics. 1. Since CPDX demonstrates very powerful antimicrobial actions against such Gram-negative bacilli as Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia sp., such Gram-positive cocci as Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and beta-lactamase producing Branhamella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae, this drug was thought to be useful for the treatment of pediatric infectious diseases when main causative bacteria in the field of pediatrics were taken into account. 2. When changes in blood and urine concentrations of CPDX following the administration of this drug at 3.7 mg/kg before meal were determined, Cmax and T1/2 were found to be 2.98 micrograms/ml at 2-hour and 1.73 hours, respectively; an urinary excretion rate in the first 6 hours and a maximum urine concentration were 32.5% and 52 micrograms/ml, respectively. 3. Clinically, 8 of 8 patients with the upper respiratory tract infections (100%), 28 of 29 patients with bronchitis and/or pneumonia (96.6%), 3 of 4 patients with otitis media (75%), 2 of 2 patients with sinusitis (100%), 3 of 3 patients with the skin soft tissue infections (100%), 1 of 1 patient with bacterial enteritis (100%) and 11 of 14 patients with urinary tract infections (78.6%) responded well to the treatment with CPDX-PR, showing a 91.8% efficacy rate in all the patients treated. 4. Bacteriologically, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, B. catarrhalis, H. influenzae, E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium were all eradicated from 5, 1, 4, 6, 1, 5, 5, 11 and 1 patient, respectively. An eradication rate in all the patients examined was 97.5% (39/40). 5. Gastrointestinal symptoms appeared as side effects in 2 of 71 patients (vomiting in 1 and diarrhea in 1), hence, an incidence of side effects was 2.8% (2/71). As for abnormal laboratory findings, eosinophilia, thrombocytosis and increases in GOT and GPT were observed in 3 of 39 patients examined (7.7%), 1 of 39 patients (2.6%) and 2 of 34 patients (5.9%), respectively. In addition, we also examined the effect of the drug on the hemostatic system, but found no changes upon the treatment. Based on these results, it appeared that CPDX-PR was a useful and safe drug in treatment of infectious di Topics: Absorption; Adolescent; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Blood Coagulation; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Respiratory Tract Infections; Urinary Tract Infections | 1989 |
[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil in pediatrics].
Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological, and clinical studies in pediatrics on cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) (pediatric dry syrup) were performed. 1. Serum concentrations and urinary excretions of CPDX after administration of CPDX-PR to children (ages between 6 and 14) were investigated. Four cases were administered with CPDX-PR at a dose level of 3 mg/kg 30 minutes before or after meal. Effects of timings of administration were investigated using a crossover study. Average serum concentrations in the group administered with the drug before meal reached their peaks at 1 hour after administration with an average level of 2.34 +/- 0.16 micrograms/ml and diminished with a half-life of 1.94 +/- 0.08 hours to 0.29 +/- 0.04 microgram/ml at 8 hours after administration. In the group administered with the drug after meal, average serum concentrations attained their peaks at 4 hours after administration at an average level of 1.93 +/- 0.09 micrograms/ml, and decreased with a half-life of 2.08 +/- 0.19 hours to 0.58 +/- 0.16 microgram/ml at 8 hours. Urinary recovery rates of CPDX in the first 8 hours after administration of CPDX-PR in the before-meal and the after-meal groups averaged 34.4 +/- 6.3% and 38.5 +/- 7.0%, respectively. In a separate experiment, 7 cases were administered with CPDX-PR, 30 minutes after meal, at a dose level of either 3 or 6 mg/kg. Effects of the 2 different dose levels were investigated also using a crossover study. Average serum concentrations at their peaks attained at a 4 hours after administration for the 2 dosage groups (3 and 6 mg/kg) were 1.76 +/- 0.11 and 3.08 +/- 0.41 micrograms/ml, respectively. Average half-life values for the 2 groups were 2.40 +/- 0.14 and 2.25 +/- 0.07 hours, respectively, with average 8 hour values of 0.64 +/- 0.10 and 1.30 +/- 0.21 micrograms/ml, respectively. Urinary recovery rates in the first 8 hours after administration averaged 40.4 +/- 3.2% and 46.3 +/- 6.5%, respectively. From these results, it appeared that the absorption of the drug was affected by the timing of administration (before or after meal), and the presence of ingested foods in the digestive system delayed the absorption. The overall quantity absorbed, however, did not seem to be affected by the timing of administration. These data also showed that serum and urinary concentrations of the drug depended on dose levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) Topics: Absorption; Administration, Oral; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Respiratory Tract Infections; Urinary Tract Infections | 1989 |
[Clinical evaluation of a new oral cephem, cefpodoxime proxetil in children].
Cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) was evaluated for its efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics in children. CPDX-PR was effective in 93.6% of 47 cases with respiratory tract, middle ear, skin or urinary tract infections. Twice or 3 times daily administration of 3 mg/kg each was sufficient to treat streptococcal pharyngitis and Haemophilus influenzae infections. No severe adverse reaction was encountered in 52 cases treated with CPDX-PR. The serum half-life was approximately 2.17 +/- 0.24 hours after oral administration. Topics: Administration, Oral; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Infant; Male; Respiratory Tract Infections; Urinary Tract Infections | 1989 |
[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefpodoxime proxetil in pediatric field].
We have carried out laboratory and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil (CS-807, CPDX-PR). The results are summarized as follows. CPDX-PR was given via oral administration to each 2 children at a single dose of 3 mg/kg and to each of 3 children in a 100 mg tablet. After the oral administration, mean peak serum levels of CPDX obtained for the 2 dose levels were 1.86 +/- 0.35 micrograms/ml and 2.16 +/- 0.63 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, respectively, and mean half-lives were 1.31 +/- 0.02 hours and 1.47 +/- 0.18 hours, respectively. The mean urinary excretion rate of CPDX was 32.8 +/- 1.0% in the first 12 hours after the oral administration of 3 mg/kg. When a dose of 100 mg tablet was given to each of the 3 children, urinary excretion rates in the first 12 hours were 43.5%, 48.6% and 24.8%, respectively. Treatment with CPDX-PR was done in 38 cases of pediatric bacterial infections; 19 cases of tonsillitis, 3 cases of pharyngitis, 1 case of bronchitis, 3 cases of pneumonia, 3 cases of scarlet fever, 2 cases of impetigo, 4 cases of UTI and 1 case each of phlegmone, subcutaneous abscess and balanitis. Results obtained were excellent in 23 cases, good in 15 cases. No significant side effect due to the drug was observed in any cases. Topics: Absorption; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Bacterial Infections; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Infant; Male; Respiratory Tract Infections; Scarlet Fever; Tablets | 1989 |
In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of CS-807, a new oral cephalosporin.
CS-807 is a new oral prodrug of R-3746, a cephalosporin derivative, with potent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The susceptibility of about 1,200 clinical isolates to R-3746 was determined by the agar dilution method. Ninety percent or more of pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, indole-positive and indole-negative Proteus spp., Providencia rettgeri, and Haemophilus influenzae were inhibited at concentrations ranging less than or equal to 0.01 to 1.56 micrograms/ml. Furthermore, at a concentration of 3.13 micrograms/ml, 50% or more of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Morganella morganii, Citrobacter freundii, and Serratia marcescens strains were also inhibited. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Xanthomonas maltophilia were resistant to R-3746. The activity of R-3746 was scarcely influenced by several growth conditions. R-3746 was highly resistant to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases derived from various species of bacteria. Killing-curve studies demonstrated bactericidal activity of R-3746 at concentrations above the MIC. R-3746 showed high affinity for penicillin-binding proteins 1, 3, and 4 of Staphylococcus aureus and 1A, 1Bs, and 3 of Escherichia coli. Systemic infections in mice caused by various pathogens, including beta-lactamase-producing strains, responded well to therapy with oral doses of CS-807. Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamases; Carrier Proteins; Cefpodoxime; Cefpodoxime Proxetil; Ceftizoxime; Cephalosporins; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli Infections; Hexosyltransferases; Klebsiella Infections; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase; Penicillin-Binding Proteins; Peptidyl Transferases; Protein Binding; Proteus Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections | 1987 |