cefoxitin and Pleural-Effusion

The pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin was studied in 14 patients with a pleural effusion, 8 of which had normal renal function and the other 6 varying degrees of renal impairment. All patients received a single dose of 30 mg/kg i.v. bolus of the antibiotic. The serum and pleural fluid concentrations of cefoxitin were determined microbiologically. The serum elimination half-life of the antibiotic in the group of patients with normal renal function had a mean value of 1.35 +/- 0.56 h while that of the second group ranged between 2.00 h and 40.79 h, according to the deterioration in renal function. The disappearance half-life of cefoxitin from pleural fluid increased parallel to the degree of renal impairment, reaching a value of 30.09 h for a creatinine clearance (Ccr) of 5.8 ml/min. From the data obtained, dosage regimens were programmed according to the degree of renal function with the aim of achieving safe and efficient cefoxitin levels in both biological fluids.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cefoxitin; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Pleural Effusion

Topics: Abdomen; Cefoxitin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Empyema; Erythromycin; Gentamicins; Humans; Listeriosis; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Pleural Effusion

The pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin was studied in 6 healthy volunteers and in 5 patients with a pleural effusion after administration of a single dose of 30 mg/kg i.v. infusion. The serum and pleural fluid concentrations of cefoxitin were determined microbiologically. The elimination half-life of the antibiotic from pleural fluid in all cases was 2-3 fold longer than from serum, which shows a difference between the kinetic elimination processes of the antibiotic from the two fluids. The slow elimination of cefoxitin from pleural fluid facilitates its accumulation in this compartment during a multiple dosage regimen.

Topics: Aged; Cefoxitin; Female; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; Pleural Effusion

The pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin were studied in 6 healthy volunteers and in 5 patients with pleural effusion of varied etiologies. The antibiotic was administered in a multiple dosage regimen of 30 mg/kg every 8 hours. Cefoxitin concentrations in serum and pleural fluid were determined after administration of the third dose corresponding to the levels of steady-state in both fluids. The elimination half-life of the antibiotic from the pleural fluid comes to 3.51 +/- 1.15 h, which is significantly greater than the serum half-life, (t 1/2 = 1.42 +/- 0.51 h). This kind of multiple dosage regimen ensures therapeutic levels of cefoxitin in the pleural fluid during the entire treatment.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cefoxitin; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; Pleural Effusion

The pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin were studied in nine patients with pleural effusion of varied etiologies. All patients received a single intravenous bolus of 30 mg/kg. Cefoxitin levels were determined simultaneously in plasma and pleural fluid by means of a microbiologic plate diffusion method. The antibiotic follows a two-compartment open kinetic model. In the pleural fluid, maximum concentrations of cefoxitin of 19.72 +/- 9.72 microgram/ml were reached two hours after administration. The fraction of the antibiotic that reaches the pleural fluid represents 0.22% to 4.03% of the dose administered. The disappearance constant of the antibiotic from the pleural fluid is significantly smaller (Kd = 0.15 +/- 0.03 hours-1) than the elimination constant determined from the plasma levels (K13 = 2.27 +/- 0.90 hours-1). Cefoxitin was always found in antibacterial concentration in the pleural fluid for a considerable period of time.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cefoxitin; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; Pleura; Pleural Effusion