cefoxitin and Fibroadenoma

VVA-B4 lectin was used to investigate the differences in Tn antigen expression in tissues of different types of human breast cancer (benign lesions, carcinoma in situ, invasive carcinoma) and in normal tissues neighboring lobular carcinoma. Locations in which Tn antigen was expressed were identified using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase labeling system. Tissues collected during cosmetic procedures and classified as normal were completely negative, except for one case. Benign proliferative changes including fibroadenoma, apocrine and cylindrical metaplasia showed a very weak positive reaction, although strongly positive cells were also observed. The reaction in non-invasive cases of atypical hyperplasia was diversified depending on site. Intralobular hyperplasia was characterized by a particularly high percentage of labeled cells. A majority (up to 80%) of ductal and lobular carcinoma in situ showed very strong or moderate staining. In invasive cancers, there were conspicuous differences between stage of cancer development and tendency towards a decrease in intensely labeled cell count in the most advanced stages. In normal tissues in the direct neighborhood of carcinoma in situ, the cytoplasm of 40% of cells was strongly labeled. However, the findings for normal tissues in the close vicinity of invasive cancer were the most surprising, since there was either no or only very weak positive reaction. It can be concluded that glycosylation modifications during carcinogenesis, as demonstrated by the presence of Tn epitope, develop very early, before any destructive changes in proliferation/apoptosis or cell differentiation become discernible.

Topics: Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma in Situ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Female; Fibroadenoma; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunohistochemistry; Lectins; Precancerous Conditions

To study the humoral immune response to tumor-associated carbohydrate epitopes (TF, Tn and alphaGal) in patients with breast cancer and healthy donors, the putative impact of the chemotherapy and to evaluate if the level of antibody to these epitopes might be beneficial or detrimental for the patients with breast cancer.. The humoral immune response to TF, Tn and alphaGal was studied in 133 patients with breast cancer, including the patients at stage II-III (n = 44) before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (10 patients received cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/fluorouracyl (CMF) chemotherapy regimens, 34 patients received cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/fluorouracil (CAF)), and in controls (healthy donors and patients with fibroadenoma). Fully synthetic carbohydrate hapten-polyacrylamide conjugates were used as antigens in ELISA for anti-carbohydrate antibody determination. The correlation analysis between the level of anti-carbohydrate antibodies and the stage of cancer, histological grade, expression of TF and alphaGal epitopes in tumor tissue, patient's survival was performed.. The level of anti-carbohydrate antibodies varied between individuals with no significant correlation between IgG immune response to the three epitopes. Lower levels of antibodies were observed at advanced stages of cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy stimulated antibody production to Tn and alphaGal epitopes (increase > 50%) in about one third of patients. Immunosuppression, decrease in antibody levels, was observed only in 4.5-13.6% of cases. High levels of TF-antigen specific IgG antibody before surgery were associated with a better survival time of stage II breast cancer patients.. The widely used regimens of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (such as CMF, CAF) can stimulate the immune response to tumor-associated carbohydrate epitopes in some patients. The high levels of anti-TF antibody before surgery are associated with a better survival of stage II breast cancer patients. This may indicate that the selection of immunopotentiating regimens of neoadjuvant chemotherapy might be beneficial for the host.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; alpha-Galactosidase; Antibodies, Neoplasm; Antibody Formation; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast Neoplasms; Cyclophosphamide; Doxorubicin; Epitopes; Female; Fibroadenoma; Fluorouracil; Haptens; Humans; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasm Staging; Survival Rate; Thromboplastin

Expressions of the carcinoembryonic Tn antigen studied with VVA-B4 and GSI-A4 lectins with the monoclonal antibody 83D4 and of N-acetyllactosamine residues with ECA and LSL lectins, were examined in 54 malignant or benign human breast tumors. Positive membrane labelling with lectins and 83D4 MAb occured in benign cases indicating that modification of glycoconjugates may precede the cytologic anomalies. In fibroadenoma, fibrocystic dystrophy, ductal hyperplasia and grade I invasive ductal carcinomas, the binding sites for all lectins and 83D4 MAb were essentially on the cell membrane with labelling of both apical and basolateral compartments. In grade II and III, the labelling involved the cytoplasm, and cell heterogeneity appeared. The disappearance of reactivity observed for a large proportion of cells at grade III may be due either to the loss of glycosyl-transferase, or to the lack of synthesis of the protein back-bone. Invasive lobular carcinomas showed labelling both on apical membrane and the outermost part of the cytoplasm with a distinct cell polarity. Lectin receptors are present at the surface of metastatic cells, possibly related to their involvement in adhesion.

Topics: Amino Sugars; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Carcinoma, Lobular; Female; Fibroadenoma; Glycosyltransferases; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunohistochemistry; Lectins

Expression of carcinoembryonic Tn antigen studied with VVA-B4 and GSI-A4 lectins with the monoclonal antibody 83D4 and of T antigen with LDL and PNA lectins with the monoclonal antibody ZCMO4, were examined in 54 malignant or benign human breast tumors and for MCF-7, T47D and MCF-10A cell lines of human breast tumors origin. For breast tissues, positive membrane labelling with D-GalNAc alpha-O-ser/thr (Tn-antigen) specific lectins and 83D4 MAb occurred in benign cases indicating that modification of glycoconjugates may precede the cytologic anomalies. In fibroadenoma, fibrocystic dystrophy, ductal hyperplasia and grade I invasive ductal carcinomas, the binding sites for lectins and 83D4 MAb were essentially on the cell membrane with labelling of both apical and basolateral compartments. In grade II and III, the labelling involved the cytoplasma, and cell heterogeneity appeared. The disappearance of reactivity observed for a large proportion of cells at grade III may be due either to the loss of glycosyltransferase, or to the lack of synthesis of the protein back-bone. Invasive lobular carcinomas showed labelling both on apical membrane and the outermost part of the cytoplasm with a distinct cell polarity. Lectin receptors are present at the surface of metastatic cells, possibly related to their involvement in adhesion. In all cases, T or sialosyl-T antigens are present at the surface of tumors cells. All cell lines from breast tumors cultured in vitro were labelled with lectins and monoclonal antibodies. The simultaneous presence of Tn and T antigens on the cells, indicates that the expression of Tn antigen is due to a partial but non total deficiency in the beta-1- > 3 galactosyltransferase involved in T-antigen synthesis.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; Antigens, Viral, Tumor; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Female; Fibroadenoma; Fibrocystic Breast Disease; Glycoconjugates; Humans; Hyperplasia; Lectins; Middle Aged; Neuraminidase; Tumor Cells, Cultured