cefoxitin and Acute-Kidney-Injury

Neonatal hyperoxia increases oxidative stress and adversely disturbs glomerular and tubular maturity. Maternal Tn immunization induces anti-Tn antibody titer and attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats.. We intraperitoneally immunized female Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) with Tn immunogen (50 μg/dose) or carrier protein five times at biweekly intervals on 8, 6, 4, 2, and 0 weeks before the delivery day. The pups were reared for 2 weeks in either room air (RA) or in 85% oxygen-enriched atmosphere (O. Hyperoxia reduced body weight, induced tubular and glomerular injuries, and increased 8-OHdG and NF-κB expression and collagen deposition in the kidneys. By contrast, maternal Tn immunization reduced kidney injury and collagen deposition in neonatal rats. Furthermore, kidney injury attenuation was accompanied by a reduction in 8-OHdG and NF-κB expression.. Maternal Tn immunization protects against hyperoxia-induced kidney injury in neonatal rats by attenuating oxidative stress and NF-κB activity.. Hyperoxia increased nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity and collagen deposition in neonatal rat kidney. Maternal Tn immunization reduced kidney injury as well as collagen deposition in neonatal rats. Maternal Tn immunization reduced kidney injury and was associated with a reduction in 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and NF-κB activity. Tn vaccine can be a promising treatment modality against hyperoxia-induced kidney injury in neonates.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; Body Weight; Collagen; Deoxyadenosines; Female; Hyperoxia; Immunotherapy, Active; Kidney Tubules; NF-kappa B; Organ Size; Oxidative Stress; Pregnancy; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vaccination; Vacuoles

Two elderly women suffered an acute deterioration of renal function after treatment with cefoxitin sodium. One with stable chronic renal failure due to reflux nephropathy underwent a rapid deterioration of renal function which proved fatal. The other woman had rheumatoid arthritis and developed acute tubular necrosis after treatment with gentamicin and cefoxitin. All the data suggested that the antibiotic was responsible for the deterioration in renal function. The dose of cefoxitin should be reduced in patients with renal functional impairment. Cefoxitin should either be used with great caution or not prescribed in combination with aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Aminoglycosides; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Cefoxitin; Creatinine; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Kidney; Urea; Urinary Tract Infections

The pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin were studied after the administration of a single intravenous dose of 40 mg/kg to rabbits with normal renal function and rabbits with varying degrees of renal impairment. The plasma and interstitial fluid concentrations of the antibiotic were determined by a microbiologic plate diffusion method. The antibiotic follows a two-compartment open kinetic model. The plasma half-life of slow disposition phase t1/2 beta, increases from 0.26 hour in rabbits with normal renal function to 5.41 hours in rabbits with severe renal impairment. In the interstitial fluid the elimination half-life increases from 1.18 hours in rabbits with normal renal function to 99.00 hours in rabbits with renal impairment. A linear relationship is established between the values that define the elimination of the antibiotic and the serum creatinine concentrations. The constant of the incorporation into the interstitial fluid decreases significantly in rabbits with renal impairment.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Cefoxitin; Extracellular Space; Half-Life; Kinetics; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Rabbits

A patient with probable pseudo acute renal failure resulting from the effect of cefoxitin on the routine measurement of serum creatinine is described. In vitro studies demonstrate varying degrees of cefoxitin interference with three widely used automated methods for creatinine determination, resulting in falsely elevated levels of this measure of renal function. Care in the interpretation of serum creatinine in patients receiving cefoxitin is advised.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Cefoxitin; Creatinine; Diagnostic Errors; Female; Humans