cefotaxime and Skin-Diseases--Infectious

A prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study was conducted of hospitalized patients to compare the efficacy and safety of oral ciprofloxacin (dosage, 750 mg every 12 hours) with intravenous cefotaxime (dosage, 2.0 g every 8 hours) as monotherapy for difficult skin and skin structure infections requiring hospitalization. Five hundred seventy patients were assessed for an analysis of safety and 461 patients were assessed for an analysis of efficacy. The most common infections were infected ulcers and abscesses. At the end of therapy, there was a higher incidence of recurrent or persistent organisms in the cefotaxime group compared with ciprofloxacin. Adverse reactions related to either therapy were rare. By pathogens, there were no differences in activity, except the higher rate of recurrent or persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the cefotaxime group. By diagnosis, the two drugs had comparable efficacy, except for the higher incidence of bacteriologic failure in patients with polymicrobial infected ulcers in the cefotaxime group. Larger studies are needed to evaluate emergence of resistance to ciprofloxacin. Oral ciprofloxacin therapy is as safe and effective as parenteral cefotaxime in the treatment of difficult infections of the skin and skin structure, and affords the prospect of early discharge from the hospital and significant cost savings.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Bacterial Infections; Cefotaxime; Ciprofloxacin; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Wound Infection

In a single-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial, 100 successive patients were enrolled with serious skin and soft-tissue infections, whose illnesses had precipitated an initial hospital admission or an extension of inpatient care. There were 93 evaluable patients who received either ofloxacin, 400 mg orally every 12 hours plus an intravenously administered placebo every eight hours, or cefotaxime, 2.0 g intravenously every eight hours plus an orally administered placebo every 12 hours. The average length of therapy was 12 days. Both patient groups had similar demographics and underlying conditions. Wound infection was the most common diagnosis, followed by abscess, cellulitis, and trophic ulcer. Multiple pathogens were commonly isolated from infected sites (1.4 pathogens/patient). The most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Proteus/Providencia spp., and Enterobacter spp. Persistence of the initial pathogen at the end of therapy was observed in 22.5 percent of the cefotaxime-treated group, but in only 10 percent of the ofloxacin-treated group. There was one clinical failure in the cefotaxime group, caused by a susceptible strain of Enterobacter cloacae, and there was one clinical failure in the ofloxacin group, in which the patient had an Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus wound infection and subsequently developed a P. aeruginosa superinfection. Adverse experiences, including rash, insomnia, and nausea, occurred in 16 percent of the patients in each group. It was concluded that oral ofloxacin is as safe and efficacious as parenteral cefotaxime in the treatment of serious skin and skin structure infections.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Bacteria; Cefotaxime; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Ofloxacin; Placebos; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Single-Blind Method; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Wound Healing

Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Cefotaxime; Ciprofloxacin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Skin Diseases, Infectious

A prospective, double-blind, randomized study of hospitalized patients with skin and skin structure infections was conducted to compare orally administered ciprofloxacin and conventional intravenous cefotaxime therapy. Fifty-six patients, predominantly elderly women, were randomly assigned to receive either ciprofloxacin (24 patients, 25 infected sites) or cefotaxime (32 patients, 36 sites). Patients in the ciprofloxacin group received 750 mg of orally administered ciprofloxacin every 12 hours plus a placebo infusion while the other group received 2.0 g of cefotaxime intravenously every eight hours plus a placebo tablet every 12 hours. The average duration of treatment was seven to 10 days, with a maximum of 21 days. Clinical response per infected site in the ciprofloxacin group was as follows: resolution in 88 percent, improvement in 8 percent, and failure in 4 percent. In the cefotaxime group, there was resolution in 69 percent, improvement in 25 percent and failure in 6 percent. Bacteriologic response per site in the ciprofloxacin group was eradication in 88 percent and persistence in 12 percent. With cefotaxime there was 69 percent eradication, 3 percent marked reduction, 6 percent recurrence, and 22 percent persistence. Clinical and bacteriologic responses were combined using an algorithm to derive a cure rate, which was 91 percent for ciprofloxacin and 61 percent for cefotaxime (p = 0.0214).

Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Cefotaxime; Ciprofloxacin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Random Allocation; Skin Diseases, Infectious

The effectiveness and safety of orally administered ciprofloxacin and intravenously administered cefotaxime were compared in a double-blind study of 60 men with infections of skin and soft tissue, including cellulitis, ulcers, abscesses, cellulitis with ulcers or abscesses, wound infections, and post-traumatic infections. Patients in the ciprofloxacin group received 750 mg orally every 12 hours for a mean duration of 9.6 days (six to 18 days), and those in the cefotaxime group received 2.0 g intravenously every eight hours for a mean duration of 9.3 days (five to 14 days). Infection was documented bacteriologically in 78 percent of the patients in the ciprofloxacin group and in 83 percent of the patients in the cefotaxime group. Pathogens included Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, group B streptococci, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella and Pseudomonas species. Half of the infections were mixed infections. Ninety percent (19 of 21) of the infections were bacteriologically eradicated with ciprofloxacin, and 82 percent (18 of 22) were eradicated with cefotaxime. Treatment was completely successful in 79 percent (22 of 28) of the patients in the ciprofloxacin group and in 68 percent (19 of 28) in the cefotaxime group (p greater than 0.1). The side effects in both treatment groups were comparable. This study demonstrates that orally administered ciprofloxacin is comparable in effectiveness and safety to cefotaxime administered intravenously in the treatment of infections of skin and soft tissue, and that it can offer an alternative in the treatment of such infections.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Cefotaxime; Ciprofloxacin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Therapeutic Equivalency

Oral ciprofloxacin (750 mg twice daily) was compared with intravenous cefotaxime (2 g three times daily) as therapy for 61 episodes of skin and skin structure infections occurring in adult patients. A variety of infections including cellulitis, infected ulcers, abscesses, and other miscellaneous infections were treated. Clinical cure was achieved in 77 percent (24 patients) of 31 patients treated with ciprofloxacin and in 76 percent (22 patients) of 28 patients treated with cefotaxime. The response was slower in infected diabetic patients than in non-diabetic patients in both groups. Side effects were minimal and appeared only in the cefotaxime group. Ciprofloxacin taken twice daily was as effective as cefotaxime administered intravenously three times daily in the treatment of skin and skin structure infections.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Cefotaxime; Ciprofloxacin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Complications; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Skin Diseases, Infectious

We prospectively compared once-daily administration of ceftriaxone with cefazolin given every 8 h for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. Thirty-one patients received cefazolin for a mean of 4.5 days, and 26 patients received ceftriaxone for a mean of 4.0 days. All patients had a satisfactory response. Adverse reactions were few and reversible. Ceftriaxone given as a single daily intramuscular injection is effective therapy for skin and soft tissue infections.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cefazolin; Cefotaxime; Ceftriaxone; Humans; Middle Aged; Skin Diseases, Infectious

Forty-seven adults with infected cutaneous lesions including decubitus ulcers, leg ulcers, cellulitis, pyoderma, and infected dermatitis were treated in a randomized single-blind study with ceftizoxime (2 gm/day, administered intravenously) or cefamandole (4 gm/day, administered intravenously). The duration of treatment ranged from five to 17 days with ceftizoxime and from six to 14 days with cefamandole. Both gram-positive cocci (mostly Staphylococcus sp) and gram-negative bacilli were cultured from the infected areas before treatment. Clinical and bacteriological responses to both drugs were excellent. Ceftizoxime at a dosage of 1 gm twice daily proved to be at least as effective as 1 gm of cefamandole given four times daily. Both drugs were well tolerated, effective, and safe in the treatment of skin and skin-structure infections. Neither drug therapy had to be discontinued because of adverse effects.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cefamandole; Cefotaxime; Ceftizoxime; Cellulitis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dermatitis; Female; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Pressure Ulcer; Proteus Infections; Proteus mirabilis; Psoriasis; Pyoderma; Random Allocation; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Staphylococcal Infections; Time Factors

A randomized trial to compare the efficacy and safety of 1 g of ceftriaxone daily and 3 to 4 g of cefazolin daily was conducted in 84 hospitalized adults with skin and soft tissue infections. A variety of infections including bacteriologically proven cellulitis, suppurative diabetic foot ulcer, soft tissue abscess, and other miscellaneous infections were treated. Side effects were minimal. Colonization with various microorganisms was observed during therapy with both agents. Clinical cure with or without surgery was achieved in 81 percent (34) of 42 patients treated with ceftriaxone and 77 percent (32) of 42 patients treated with cefazolin. The major difference between antibiotics was the rate of failure in infections caused by multiple organisms: five failures among 13 patients treated with cefazolin compared with no failures among 12 patients treated with ceftriaxone. Ceftriaxone appears to be an effective agent when given once daily as therapy for many serious skin and soft tissue infections.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefazolin; Cefotaxime; Ceftriaxone; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Skin Diseases, Infectious

Fifty-nine patients with serious infections were assigned at random in a two-to-one ratio to receive either cefmenoxime or cefoxitin given intravenously in a dosage of 0.5 to 2.0 g every six hours. Of 44 patients evaluable for efficacy, eight had concomitant bacteremia and all but 10 had serious underlying disease. The average duration of therapy was seven days. All patients with skin and soft tissue infections were cured after treatment with either antibiotic. Cefmenoxime achieved clinical and bacteriologic cures in 92 and 83 percent, respectively, of 12 patients with pneumonia and in 100 and 82 percent of 11 patients with urinary tract infections. Cefoxitin therapy resulted in clinical and bacteriologic cures in all four patients with pneumonia. Among 10 patients with urinary tract infection, respective cure rates were 90 and 50 percent. Both antibiotics were well tolerated. One cefmenoxime-treated patient discontinued treatment because of a rash.

Topics: Adult; Bacterial Infections; Cefmenoxime; Cefotaxime; Cefoxitin; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Male; Random Allocation; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Urinary Tract Infections

Ceftriaxone, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a markedly extended half-life, was administered to 100 patients with 56 bone and 44 soft tissue infections. Sixty-eight received 1 g twice daily, and 32 received 2 g once daily intravenously. Overall, 91% had a satisfactory clinical response, with similar efficacies in both treatment regimens. In six patients, failure to achieve a cure correlated well with the development of resistance to ceftriaxone during therapy in Enterobacter and Pseudomonas species (two cases) and with superinfection with Bacteroides fragilis (four cases). In 41 patients, intravenous drug therapy was continued after discharge from the hospital. In this group, 1,093 patient-days of hospitalization were saved, amounting to $150,020 in cost savings. The prolonged half-life facilitated the administration of ceftriaxone in this setting.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Bone Diseases; Cefotaxime; Ceftriaxone; Child; Child, Preschool; Costs and Cost Analysis; Cross Infection; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Skin Diseases, Infectious

Topics: Abdomen; Arthritis, Infectious; Bacterial Infections; Cefotaxime; Ceftizoxime; Clinical Trials as Topic; Gonorrhea; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Meningitis; Osteitis; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Skin Diseases, Infectious; United States; Urinary Tract Infections

Seven wild-caught ball pythons (Python regius), including six gravid females and one male, were obtained from Africa and were housed in a government animal facility in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Upon arrival, the snakes were found to be infested with ticks (Aponomma latus), which were manually removed. Four weeks following arrival, vesicular skin lesions began to appear on the snakes. Despite treatment of all affected female snakes with amikacin (5 mg/kg i.m., every 3 days) and cefotaxime (25 mg/kg i.m., every 3 days), the condition progressed and five of the female snakes died 7 wk after arrival. The remaining male and one female improved after an increase in environmental temperature, with ecdysis followed by healing. Physiologic stress, ectoparasites, and shipping may have predisposed the snakes to sepsis.

Topics: Amikacin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Boidae; Cefotaxime; Cephalosporins; Dermatitis; Disease Outbreaks; Fatal Outcome; Female; Male; Proteus Infections; Proteus vulgaris; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Skin Diseases, Infectious

We are commenting on a case of cutaneous mycobacteriosis (M. chelonei) in an asthmatic 60-year-old patient under continuous steroid treatment, who months after an accidental trauma on his hand, developed painful papular lesions, located over the trauma scar, and on the dorsal lateral side of the forearm. The lesions on the forearm were accompanied by epitrochlear adenopathies and a general reaction in the form of fever. Histologically the lesions showed a subacute inflammatory reaction with lymphocytes, histiocytes, polynuclear neutrophils and areas of necrosis. The staining of the exudate with Ziehl-Neelsen and the histological samples were negative, but the culture was identified as M. chelonei, of the abscessus variety. The process was cured with continuous therapy with cefotaxime and procodazol.

Topics: Benzimidazoles; Cefotaxime; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Skin Diseases, Infectious

In the course of a study to determine the nature and type of secondary bacterial infection in dracunculiasis. The most common organisms cultured from lesions were Escherichia coli, Enterobacter and Staphylococcus aureus. E. coli and Enterobacter which were found to carry high morbidity were sensitive to Gentamycin, Claforan and Septrin.

Topics: Cefotaxime; Dracunculiasis; Drug Combinations; Enterobacter; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Skin Ulcer; Staphylococcal Skin Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Topics: Abscess; Ankle; Cefotaxime; Cyclophosphamide; Erythromycin; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Leg; Legionella; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Skin Diseases, Infectious

Data compiled from computer-generated summaries of patient records submitted to Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals were reviewed regarding the efficacy and toxicity of cefotaxime in the therapy of skin and skin structure infections associated with gram-positive pathogens. In addition, published open and comparative trials employing cefotaxime in gram-positive and gram-negative skin infections were evaluated with respect to the pathogens isolated and the nature, severity and bacteriological and clinical outcome of the treated infections. Within the limitations of the data reviewed, cefotaxime appeared to be a safe and effective therapy in greater than 90% of infections including cellulitis, abscesses and necrotizing ulcers of the skin and subcutaneous tissues when associated with the isolation of susceptible gram-negative bacilli, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, or aerobic or anaerobic gram-positive pathogens susceptible to aqueous penicillin G. The data would indicate that cefotaxime is a suitable therapy for patients with presumed polymicrobial, non-crepitant infections of the skin or skin structures pending microbiological studies. However, cefotaxime cannot be recommended for similar infections due to organisms such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa that are commonly resistant to cefotaxime in vitro. Data regarding skin and skin structure infections associated with Clostridium spp. and enterococcal group D streptococci are either lacking or inconclusive with respect to the utility of cefotaxime.

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Cefotaxime; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Skin Diseases, Infectious

Ceftriaxone CTRX was evaluated about its antibacterial activity against clinical isolates at our department and tried clinically in 10 children of 6 months to 10 years and 6 months of age. The antibacterial activity was equal to cefotaxime or higher while the clinical results were almost satisfactory. Three out of 4 strains were eradicated (75%). As to the adverse reaction, eosinophilia was observed only in 1 case.

Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefotaxime; Ceftriaxone; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Urinary Tract Infections

Cefmenoxime, a new semisynthetic third-generation cephalosporin, was evaluated in 105 patients (45 men and 60 women) with the following infections: skin or skin structure (33), pulmonary (22), urinary tract (30), and septicemia (20). Forty-two infections were hospital-acquired, 85 patients had underlying diseases, 29 patients required concomitant surgery, and 32 patients had positive results of blood culture. Cefmenoxime dosages ranged from 4 to 12 g per day intravenously for one and a half to 51 days. Cultures revealed 183 organisms in the 105 patients. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were obtained for cefmenoxime, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefamandole, cefoxitin, and moxalactam. Cefmenoxime and cefotaxime exhibited nearly equivalent activities against all organisms tested and were the most active agents tested against all aerobic and facultative organisms except Staphylococcus aureus. Mean serum peak and trough levels obtained after 2 g every six hours were 84.1 micrograms/ml (peak), 8.3 micrograms/ml (trough); and after 2 g every four hours, 106 micrograms/ml (peak) and 10.9 micrograms/ml (trough). Of 105 infections, 86 were clinically cured, three were not cured, and 16 were not evaluable. Safety studies revealed 24 transient reactions in 23 patients including eosinophilia, diarrhea, leukopenia, rash, elevated liver enzyme levels, Antabuse effect, and phlebitis. On the basis of these clinical and in vitro results, cefmenoxime is a safe drug for the treatment of infections caused by gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic organisms.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Cefmenoxime; Cefotaxime; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Sepsis; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Urinary Tract Infections

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of ceftriaxone in 50 adults with serious infections, usually giving 1 g every 12 h. Of the 35 patients who could be evaluated for clinical efficacy, 15 had failed on previous therapy, 15 had nosocomial infections, and all but 1 had underlying diseases. One patient had three sites of infection. Favorable responses were seen in 34 of 37 infections, including 11 of 13 respiratory tract infections, all 7 urinary tract infections, all 12 skin and soft tissue infections, 1 of 2 bone and joint infections, a catheter-related septicemia, a liver abscess, and an otitis media and externa. Favorable bacteriological responses were seen for 48 of 58 organisms. This included 6 of 7 Staphylococcus aureus strains, 14 of 16 other aerobic gram-positive cocci, 18 of 20 Enterobacteriaceae, 6 of 9 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 1 of 2 anaerobes. Peak plasma ceftriaxone levels on day 1 were 152 micrograms/ml by bioassay and 78 micrograms/ml by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Four of the 31 initial isolates of aerobic gram-negative rods developed resistance to ceftriaxone on disk diffusion testing. Diarrhea occurred in 3 of 50 patients. All three had received a higher than usual dose. Drug administration was stopped twice, once for a thrombocytopenia and once for a thrombocytopenia with leukopenia. Neither problem could be attributed exclusively to ceftriaxone. Other adverse reactions were eosinophilia, abdominal pain, inguinal candidiasis, and nonsuppurative phlebitis. Even among debilitated adults, ceftriaxone was safe and effective in a twice daily regimen.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefotaxime; Ceftriaxone; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Urinary Tract Infections

Ceftriaxone, a broad spectrum cephalosporin with a markedly extended half-life, was administered to 68 patients with 71 infections in an open trial. Sixty-three infections (89%) had a satisfactory clinical response with eradication of bacteria present at the initiation of therapy in 62 infections (87%). The eight treatment failures correlated well with the development of resistance to ceftriaxone during therapy in Enterobacter and Pseudomonas species (two cases) and with superinfection with Bacteroides fragilis (three cases). Treatment was discontinued in eight patients because of unwanted effects. Serious side effects included leukopenia, rash, fever, and enterocolitis.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Cefotaxime; Ceftriaxone; Creatinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteitis; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin Diseases, Infectious

Cefotiam (SCE 963), a new, broad-spectrum, third generation cephalosporin was used in the treatment of 136 patients suffering from respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, septicemia, meningitis, biliary tract infections and osteoarthritis infections. Cefotiam was administered in monotherapy to 98 patients at the mean posology of two grams per day (extreme doses: 1 to 6 g). The following clinical effectiveness was noted: 83 successes and 18 failures on 101 available clinical reports. The general, biological tolerance and renal tolerance was good in all patients.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Cefotaxime; Cefotiam; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Urinary Tract Infections

Eighteen patients with 21 serious infections were treated with ceftriaxone, 1 g intravenously every 12 h, for a mean duration of 8 days. Eighteen gram-negative and two gram-positive organisms were isolated. Sites of infection included blood (three patients), urinary tract (six patients), respiratory tract (seven patients), biliary tract (three patients), ascitic fluid (one patient), and skin (one patient). Serum, bile, and ascitic fluid concentrations of ceftriaxone were in excess of the minimal bactericidal concentration required for the infecting organism in all cases. A bacteriological response was demonstrated in 94% of the infections. A clinical response occurred in four infections from which no pathogens were recovered. In one patient, ceftriaxone failed to eradicate a peritoneal infection due to Bacteroides fragilis. In two patients, superinfection with enterococci developed both during and after therapy. Systemic tolerance to ceftriaxone was excellent.

Topics: Aged; Bacterial Infections; Biliary Tract Diseases; Cefotaxime; Ceftriaxone; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sepsis; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Urinary Tract Infections

The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of cefotaxime, a new parenteral cephalosporin resistant to beta-lactamase, were evaluated in a multicenter open trial. The study population comprised 594 hospitalized patients with infections of the skin or subcutaneous tissue. Of these, 409 patients fulfilled the protocol requirements for assessment of clinical efficacy. Usual dosages of cefotaxime were in the range of 1.5 to 12 gm/day for 5 to 85 days. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent gram-positive organism; Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most frequent gram-negative bacilli; and Peptococcus sp, the most frequent anaerobic organism isolated. Of the 409 evaluable patients, 382 (93.4%) were clinically cured. Bacteriological cures were obtained in 316 of 372 (84.9%) patients. Reactions to cefotaxime included asymptomatic eosinophilia, rash, drug fever, phlebitis, and elevated hepatic enzyme levels. All reactions were transient, and drug therapy had to be terminated in only eight patients. Cefotaxime proved effective for treating a variety of skin and soft tissue infections. The lack of serious toxicity and adverse reactions associated with cefotaxime, together with its broad antimicrobial spectrum, makes it a suitable substitute for aminoglycosides in certain clinical settings.

Topics: Cefotaxime; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Skin Diseases, Infectious

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cefamandole; Cefazolin; Cefotaxime; Ceftizoxime; Cephalosporins; Humans; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Tobramycin; Urinary Tract Infections

Cefotaxime was administered to 20 patients suffering from severe bacterial infections. Four were newborn babies, seven were infants, and nine were children. The infections treated included 9 bronchopulmonary infections and 6 urinary tract infections. In 9 patients, the infecting organism was identified: E. coli (3), Klebsiella (2), Staphylococcus aureus (3), and Proteus (1). Except in one case, cefotaxime was administered alone at doses of 50 to 100 mg/kg every 12 hours. The route of administration was intramuscular. 4 patients had already received unsuccessful antimicrobial therapy. All patients were clinically cured. In those with pneumonia, the clinical and radiological response was very prompt; in urinary tract infections, the temperature returned to normal in less than 48 hours. The local and general tolerance was always good. It may be concluded from these results that cefotaxime, a new parenteral cephalosporin, is especially useful and should prove particularly effective in severe infectious conditions found in pediatric practice.

Topics: Adolescent; Bacterial Infections; Cefotaxime; Cephalosporins; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lymphadenitis; Male; Osteoarthritis; Pneumonia; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cefotaxime; Cephalosporins; Child; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Skin; Skin Diseases, Infectious