cefotaxime and Pleural-Effusion

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; C-Reactive Protein; Cefotaxime; Child; Clindamycin; Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome; Humans; Male; Methylprednisolone; Pleural Effusion; Pneumonia

Trends in serotype incidence and susceptibility (1997 to 2008) of Spanish Streptococcus pneumoniae pleural isolates (n = 831) were explored. Penicillin (oral) nonsusceptibility rates and the incidence of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) serotypes showed decreasing trends (R(2) ≥ 0.600; P ≤ 0.002). The incidence of serotypes 1 and 19A showed increasing trends (R(2) ≥ 0.759; P < 0.001), with no trends for serotype 3. Serotypes 19A, 1, and 3 represented 85% of pediatric isolates in 2008. In serotype 19A, the penicillin nonsusceptibility rate was 82.4% in 2008, associated with amoxicillin and cefotaxime nonsusceptibility in 21.4% of isolates. Inclusion of these serotypes in new vaccines offers the broadest coverage.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Fluids; Cefotaxime; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Ofloxacin; Penicillins; Pleural Effusion; Serotyping; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Young Adult

Topics: Amoxicillin; Ampicillin Resistance; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactam Resistance; Cefotaxime; Cephalosporin Resistance; Cephalosporins; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Humans; Imipenem; Patient Care Planning; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Pleural Effusion; Pneumococcal Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Tetracycline Resistance; Thienamycins; Tracheal Diseases

Penicillin-resistant pneumococcal strains continue to spread. Some strains are also resistant to other antibiotics, including the cephalosporins. Better utilization of the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine, which covers the serotypes responsible for 90% of pneumococcal infections, is an important step in combating resistance.

Topics: Aged; Algorithms; Bacterial Vaccines; Cefotaxime; Cephalosporin Resistance; Chest Tubes; Combined Modality Therapy; Decision Trees; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Pleural Effusion; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal; Rifampin; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Vancomycin

Cefmenoxime (CMX) at a dose of 1 g was administered intravenously to each of 10 patients undergoing thoracotomy, and concentrations of CMX in the serum and pleural fluid were measured. Serum concentration of CMX reached its peak of 43.71 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and decreased to 4.15 micrograms/ml at 3 hours after the administration. The concentration of CMX in the pleural fluid reached its peak of 7.61 micrograms/ml at 3 hours and decreased slowly 5.26 micrograms/ml at 7 hours after the administration. A clinical study with 21 patients was performed to evaluate the effect of CMX as a prophylactic antimicrobial agent in thoracotomy. Patients received intravenous administration of 4 g/day of CMX for 7-10 days following operations. Each patient was evaluated daily for fever, sign of allergic reaction, and wound infection and other symptoms. No apparent infection occurred in those clinical patients except 1 patient with a suspected infection, and 1 case of allergic reaction as exanthema was observed during this study. Prophylactic effect of CMX against postoperative infection after thoracotomy was good.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Cefmenoxime; Cefotaxime; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Pleural Effusion; Pneumothorax; Postoperative Complications; Premedication; Thoracic Surgery

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cefotaxime; Cefotiam; Female; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Pleural Effusion; Postoperative Period; Thoracic Surgery

The paper is concerned with a study in which eosinophilic exudative pleuritis was the first sign of drug allergy (penicillin, streptomycin, claphoran), also manifesting itself in fever, hemorrhagic eruption, eosinophilia in the blood. Fast recovery was achieved after discontinuation of antibacterial therapy and prescription of prednisolone. The problem of differential diagnosis of pleuritis in acute pneumonia is discussed.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefotaxime; Drug Hypersensitivity; Eosinophilia; Humans; Male; Pleural Effusion; Pleurisy; Pneumonia

Single doses of cefmenoxime (CMX), 1 g intravenous drip infusion, were administrated to 5 patients with pleural effusion. The study group consisted of 3 men and 2 women, aged 38 to 69 years (mean 54.8 years); 4 had carcinoma with pleural effusion and 1 had SLE. Pleural fluid and serum samples were taken at intervals 1 to 24 hours for determination of CMX levels. The following results were obtained: Intravenous drip infusion of 1 g CMX yielded a peak pleural concentration of 4.5 micrograms/ml after 2 hours and pleural levels over 3 micrograms/ml were maintained for 5.5 hours after intravenous drip administration. Ratio maximum pleural concentration to peak serum level reached 15.0 +/- 8.3% at 2 hours after intravenous drip administration.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cefmenoxime; Cefotaxime; Female; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Male; Middle Aged; Pleural Effusion; Time Factors

The pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX) was studied in 14 children receiving a dose of 10, 20 mg/kg or 1 g as a intravenous bolus. The mean half-lives of CTRX were 4.5, 6.3 +/- 0.5 and 5.2 +/- 0.7 hours, respectively, while the urinary recovery rates up to 12 hours were 51.7, 48.6 and 48.9%. Forty-one patients, aged 2 months to 10 years, were treated with an intravenous dosage of 10 to 58 mg/kg CTRX every 12 hours for 2 to 29 days. The diseases consisted of upper respiratory tract infections (4), bronchitis (7), pneumonia (18), pyothorax (2), urinary tract infections (4), pertussis (4), meningitis (1) and endocarditis (1). Clinical cures were achieved in 38 cases, overall clinical response rate being 92.7%. No serious side effects were observed, although mild diarrhea was seen in 2 cases.

Topics: Adolescent; Bacterial Infections; Cefotaxime; Ceftriaxone; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Infant; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Pleural Effusion

The pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered cefotiam (CTM), using a two-compartment or three-compartment open model, have been investigated in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Patients (Group 1) given 1 hour drip infusion of 1 g of CTM, had the peak serum level (32.8 micrograms/ml) at 1 hour, and the peak pleural effusion level (8.3 micrograms/ml) was achieved at 2.08 hours. Patients (Group 2) given an one-shot intravenous injection of 1 g of CTM, had the maximum pleural effusion concentration (8.35 micrograms/ml) at 2.67 hours. Patients (Group 3) given 1 hour drip infusion of 1 g of CTM, had the mean concentration (2.3--2.5 micrograms/g) in the pleural tissue for 2 to 3.5 hours. Clinical study comprising 20 patients was performed to evaluate the effects of CTM as a prophylactic antimicrobial agent in the thoracic surgery. Patients received intravenous administration of 4 g/day of CTM for 7--10 days. Each patients was evaluated daily for fever, signs of allergic reaction, and wound infection and so on. No infections occurred in these thoracic surgery except 1, and no serious side effects was observed in this study.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cefotaxime; Cefotiam; Female; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Injections, Intravenous; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Pleural Effusion; Pneumothorax; Premedication; Surgical Wound Infection; Thoracic Surgery

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bile; Biliary Tract; Body Fluids; Cefazolin; Cefotaxime; Ceftizoxime; Cephamycins; Diffusion; Humans; Moxalactam; Pleural Effusion; Rabbits; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution

Topics: Bronchial Diseases; Cefotaxime; Cephalosporins; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Pleural Effusion; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sputum