cefotaxime and Lung-Neoplasms

We measured the concentrations of cefixime in the human lung in vivo in order to evaluate indirectly the effectiveness of this antibiotic in the treatment of pulmonary infections. Twenty-three patients undergoing lung surgery entered the study and received cefixime either 200 mg 12-hourly (4 times) or 400 mg every 24 hours (twice). Blood samples and tissue specimens were collected simultaneously during surgery 4 or 8 hours after the last dose. Cefixime concentrations were measured by HPLC. The penetration of cefixime in both normal and neoplastic lung tissue was significant. Four or 8 hours after a 200 or 400 mg oral dose, lung concentrations were higher than the MIC90 values for sensitive strains and therefore consistent with effective therapeutic activity. The pharmacokinetics of cefixime in blood and in lung tissue suggest that pulmonary infections could be treated with a 400 mg dose once a day.

Topics: Cefixime; Cefotaxime; Cephalosporins; Female; Humans; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Premedication

It is shown, that tumour and progression of the tumour process cause a change in the normal microflora of the tracheobronchial tree. Highlighted in the article are causes making for an origination of inflammatory processes, infectious complications in those patients presenting with oncological diseases. Regimens of antibacterial therapy are given. The following methods of investigation into bodily endogenous intoxication have been developed: malonic dialdehyde, superoxiddismutase, and coefficient K. Toxic effects of antibiotics on the organism were found out to be dependent on the regimen of their administration. Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis was proved to be superior from the standpoint of the clinical practice to the postoperative one.

Topics: Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Biomarkers; Cefotaxime; Cephalosporins; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Malondialdehyde; Postoperative Care; Preoperative Care; Retrospective Studies; Sepsis; Superoxide Dismutase; Time Factors

To study the enhancing effect of cefodizime on cellular immunity of patients with lung cancer.. The parameters of cellular immunity in blood and pulmonary alveoli were investigated in 45 patients with lung cancer complicated with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and 10 non-cancer patients with LRTI. Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reaction of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), the percentage of natural killer (NK) cells, and that of CD4+ cells, ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in peripheral blood, OD value of alveolar macrophages phagocyting neutral red, and IL-1 beta (ng/L) in broncho-alveolar lavage flind (BALF) were determined.. The parameters examined in cancer patients with LRTI were significantly improved after cefodizime treatment, approaching to those seen in non-cancer patients with LRTI. The therapeutic results were better in patients treated with cifodizime than in patients treated with ceftriaxonum.. Cefodizime is a better choice of antibiotic for the treatment of lung cancer complicated with lower respiratory tract infection. Its enhancing effect on systemic and local immune functions plays a role.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cefotaxime; Cephalosporins; Female; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections

Cefotaxime (CTX) was intravenously administered in a dose of 1 g to patients just prior to lung surgery. Lung tissue specimens were collected at 1, 2 and 3 hours after the CTX administration, and the concentration of CTX in each specimen was determined. At the same time, the concentration of CTX in the serum was also measured. The results are summarized below. 1. Determination of the CTX concentration in the lung tissue using bioassay showed values of 3.78 +/- 1.93 micrograms/g at 1 hour after CTX administration, 1.91 +/- 0.92 microgram/g at 2 hours, and 1.19 +/- 1.04 micrograms/g at 3 hours. 2. Determination of the CTX concentration in the serum using bioassay showed values of 36.9 +/- 14.4 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after CTX administration, 22.5 +/- 10.5 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 12.8 +/- 6.32 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 8.52 +/- 5.54 micrograms/ml at 3 hours, and 3.98 +/- 3.19 micrograms/ml at 6 hours. The serum half-life was calculated to be 1.82 hours. 3. The CTX concentration of 3.78 +/- 1.93 micrograms/g in the lung tissue at 1 hour after CTX administration was more than 10 times higher than the MIC80 values for Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC80 less than or equal to 0.025 microgram/ml) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (0.05 micrograms/ml), 2 of the principal causative organisms of respiratory tract infections. The pattern of change in concentrations of CTX in the serum of these surgical patients was concluded to be similar to the pattern in healthy adult subjects. On the basis of the results summarized above, it appears that CTX is a useful antimicrobial agent for application in the field of respiratory surgery.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cefotaxime; Female; Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Premedication

Cefmenoxime (CMX) at a dose of 1 g was administered intravenously to each of 10 patients undergoing thoracotomy, and concentrations of CMX in the serum and pleural fluid were measured. Serum concentration of CMX reached its peak of 43.71 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and decreased to 4.15 micrograms/ml at 3 hours after the administration. The concentration of CMX in the pleural fluid reached its peak of 7.61 micrograms/ml at 3 hours and decreased slowly 5.26 micrograms/ml at 7 hours after the administration. A clinical study with 21 patients was performed to evaluate the effect of CMX as a prophylactic antimicrobial agent in thoracotomy. Patients received intravenous administration of 4 g/day of CMX for 7-10 days following operations. Each patient was evaluated daily for fever, sign of allergic reaction, and wound infection and other symptoms. No apparent infection occurred in those clinical patients except 1 patient with a suspected infection, and 1 case of allergic reaction as exanthema was observed during this study. Prophylactic effect of CMX against postoperative infection after thoracotomy was good.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Cefmenoxime; Cefotaxime; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Pleural Effusion; Pneumothorax; Postoperative Complications; Premedication; Thoracic Surgery

Ceftizoxime (CZX) was given in daily doses of 4 approximately 6 g by intravenous drip infusion to 30 patients with infection accompanying lung cancer to investigate the usefulness of the drug for infectious disease: The rate of effectiveness (marked and moderate) was 73.3% (22/30 patients). Of the 30 patients, 2 had drug fever; 1, arthralgia; and 1, eosinophilia. These side effects improved after the drug was withdrawn. CZX is a very useful antibiotic with high effectiveness and safety in immunocompromised patients with infection accompanying advanced lung cancer.

Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cefotaxime; Ceftizoxime; Female; Fever; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Pyelitis; Respiratory Tract Infections

The concentration of cefotiam (CTM) in the serum and the bloodless lung with time is discussed. Five patients who were undergone pneumonectomy or lobectomy, were given 1 g of CTM intravenously during the operation. Blood samples and lung samples were collected 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 300 minutes after the administration. The CTM levels in the blood and the lung samples were measured by the agar well bioassay. The CTM levels in the lung samples were modified as the CTM levels in the bloodless lung by calculating the contained blood volume, as lung samples were proven to have a mean value of 34.2% of blood in weight. The serum CTM level was 73.3 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after injection and then decreased gradually. The CTM level in bloodless lung was elevated during the first 60 minutes, became equal to that of the blood during next 30 minutes and then exceeded the serum levels thereafter. These results indicate that the distribution of CTM to the bloodless lung was excellent and a satisfactory preventative effect against postsurgical infection could be expected.

Topics: Aged; Bacterial Infections; Cefotaxime; Cefotiam; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative Period; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonectomy; Surgical Wound Infection

Ten patients who were performed pulmonary resection for the disease of the lung, were administered 2 g of cefmenoxime (CMX) by intravenous injection before their operation. The concentrations of CMX in serum and lung tissue were determined. The CMX concentrations in lung tissue were observed to be higher than the MIC of CMX for Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Serratia. These results suggested that CMX will be useful agent for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary infection.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Cefmenoxime; Cefotaxime; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Lung; Lung Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Surgical Wound Infection

There are few clinical reports about the concentration of ceftizoxime (CZX) in lung tissues. At present, clinically, we report the concentration of the drug in serum and lung tissues on 26 cases of chest disease and an effect of the drug on prophylaxis of postoperative pulmonary infections. Our results are the following; The peak concentration of CZX in serum is 54.7 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after starting drip infusion of CZX 1 g. The serum half-life of CZX (beta phase) is 2.07 hours. The concentration of CZX in lung tissues is from 43.6 to 78.7% of serum level. CZX is useful to prophylaxis of postoperative infections after thoracotomy, especially in case of administration of CZX 1 g just before operation. Eruption was found in 1 of 26 cases. However, no side effects of the drug are noticed in other 25 cases.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Cefotaxime; Ceftizoxime; Drug Evaluation; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Kinetics; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Premedication

For the study described in the paper, the effects of 10 days' chemotherapy with cefotaxime, clindamycin, mezlocillin, and piperacillin on local tumor growth and on spontaneous or artificial metastatic spread into the lungs were studied. For the animal tumor model Balb/c mice and the mouse sarcoma L-1 tumor were used. Chemotherapy was administered before, immediately after, or some time after the injection of tumor cells. The antibiotic dosage given to mice was calculated on a body weight basis from the doses recommended for humans. Cefotaxime and clindamycin did not influence the animal tumor model, whereas mezlocillin and piperacillin showed positive or negative effects depending on the chemotherapy schedule. In vitro none of the four antibiotics caused cytotoxic activity in cell cultures of mouse sarcoma L-1, human lung cancer E-14, or human malignant melanoma MEW.

Topics: Animals; Cefotaxime; Cell Line; Clindamycin; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Killer Cells, Natural; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mezlocillin; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Piperacillin; Sarcoma, Experimental

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections; Bronchitis; Bronchopneumonia; Cefotaxime; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Emphysema

The pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered cefotiam (CTM), using a two-compartment or three-compartment open model, have been investigated in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Patients (Group 1) given 1 hour drip infusion of 1 g of CTM, had the peak serum level (32.8 micrograms/ml) at 1 hour, and the peak pleural effusion level (8.3 micrograms/ml) was achieved at 2.08 hours. Patients (Group 2) given an one-shot intravenous injection of 1 g of CTM, had the maximum pleural effusion concentration (8.35 micrograms/ml) at 2.67 hours. Patients (Group 3) given 1 hour drip infusion of 1 g of CTM, had the mean concentration (2.3--2.5 micrograms/g) in the pleural tissue for 2 to 3.5 hours. Clinical study comprising 20 patients was performed to evaluate the effects of CTM as a prophylactic antimicrobial agent in the thoracic surgery. Patients received intravenous administration of 4 g/day of CTM for 7--10 days. Each patients was evaluated daily for fever, signs of allergic reaction, and wound infection and so on. No infections occurred in these thoracic surgery except 1, and no serious side effects was observed in this study.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cefotaxime; Cefotiam; Female; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Injections, Intravenous; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Pleural Effusion; Pneumothorax; Premedication; Surgical Wound Infection; Thoracic Surgery

Thirteen patients who were performed radical lobectomy for the disease of the chest, were administered of cefotiam (CTM) 1.0 g for an hour by intravenous drip infusion during their operation. The concentration of CTM in serum and lung tissue were determined. CTM showed very high concentration in lung tissue and very high concentration ratio of lung tissue to serum concentration for several hours. These results suggested that CTM will be useful agent for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary infection, since CTMsh owed also very potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cefotaxime; Cefotiam; Female; Humans; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Veins

Seven patients who were performed thoracotomy for the disease of the chest, were administered cefotiam dihydrochloride 2.0 g for about an hour by intravenous drip infusion during their operation. Antibiotic levels of serum and intrathoracic tissues (a piece of lung parenchyma, parietal pleura, pulmonary hilar lymph node, chest wall muscle, pulmonary cyst and nerve) were determined, and an evaluation of bactericidal effect was discussed. In this study, we found that antibiotic level of poor blood supplied lung, so called the destroyed lung was remarkably high. This means that a high concentration of cefotiam dihydrochloride to intrathoracic tissue is effective against postoperative infection.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cefotaxime; Cefotiam; Female; Humans; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Premedication; Surgical Wound Infection; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary