cefotaxime and Intracranial-Aneurysm

De novo aneurysm formation is a rare entity of cerebral aneurysms. The authors describe a 19-year-old man presenting with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage of unknown etiology. The initial cerebral angiography revealed no identifiable vascular lesion. A few weeks following a surgical evacuation of the hematoma, a tiny saccular aneurysm was incidentally found on the distal posterior cerebral artery (PCA) remote from the site of the primary ictus. Several rationales indicated that it was compatible with a cerebral aneurysm of infective etiology. The aneurysm was successfully treated by antibiotic therapy alone. To the authors' knowledge, de novo aneurysm on the PCA has rarely been reported.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefotaxime; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cloxacillin; Hematoma; Humans; Incidental Findings; Intracranial Aneurysm; Male; Posterior Cerebral Artery; Radiography; Young Adult

Drip intravenous infusion of cefotiam (CTM) was made on patients who underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage and study was made on CSF transfer of CTM and at the same time on the relationship between CSF transfer of iodine contrast medium and CT scan findings. This study was made on 11 cases of cisternal drainage and 8 cases of ventricular drainage. Cisternal drainage cases were all postoperative cases of ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Cases of ventricular drainage included 4 postoperative cases of ruptured cerebral aneurysm, 1 case of CSF rhinorrhea, 2 cases of brain tumor, and 1 case of ventricular hemorrhage. Drip intravenous infusion of 1.0 g of CTM was made in one hour and at given periods thereafter CSF was collected and measured. CTM transferred to the CSF in cistern at a comparatively high concentration (16.3-0.7 microgram/ml). Hardly any transfer of CTM to the CSF in ventricle was seen in one case of cerebral aneurysm, CSF rhinorrhea, and brain tumor, but transfer was observed in one case of cerebral aneurysm, one case of brain tumor, and case of ventricular hemorrhage. Transfer of iodine contrast medium showed the positive correlation to the transfer of CTM. In cases of brain tumor and ventricular hemorrhage with transfer of CTM with ventricular drainage, enhancement effect of the ventricular wall by the contrast medium could be observed by CT scan. From the foregoing, the following results were obtained. There was good transfer of CTM to the CSF in cistern in postoperative cases of ruptured aneurysm. CTM did not transfer to CSF in the normal ventricle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Brain Diseases; Brain Neoplasms; Cefotaxime; Cefotiam; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Drainage; Glioma; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Intracranial Aneurysm; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The treatment of the patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysm in acute stage is performed by direct neck clipping and cisternal drainages for preventing vasospasm. The cisternal drainage is carried out for 1 to 2 weeks' duration. The cisternal drainage has higher risk for bacterial infections in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In this paper, penetration characteristics of cefotiam (CTM) in CSF were studied. CTM concentrations in CSF were measured at 1, 3 and 6 hours after intravenous drip infusion of CTM (2 g). CTM concentration in cisternal CSF was higher than that of ventricular CSF. The peak concentration in CSF was higher than 0.78 micrograms/ml and obtained at 3 hours after intravenous drip infusion. Our data suggest that CTM is a useful cephalosporin for treatment of meningitis (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae et al.). Apart from meningitis, the higher concentration of CTM in CSF was obtained in the cases with the vasospasm. The result may support that the breakdown of blood brain barrier is induced by the peroxidative substance from the cisternal subarachnoid clots which has the vasospastic activity.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Cefotaxime; Cefotiam; Drainage; Female; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Kinetics; Male; Meningitis; Middle Aged; Rupture, Spontaneous