cefotaxime and Inflammation

Corneal oedema is a common sign of acute or protracted corneal disease of various aetiologies. In this paper, we review the causes and pathophysiological bases of corneal oedema, as well as discussing the goals and modalities of its medical treatment. Corneal oedema, if adequately understood and appropriately treated, generally shows a good prognosis.

Topics: Benzalkonium Compounds; Cefotaxime; Corneal Edema; Humans; Inflammation; Intraocular Pressure; Tears

Multicentre trials of cefixime (Cefspan, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan) were performed in 1992. The trials involved 137 children and 269 adult patients with inflammatory infections of the respiratory organs and urinary tracts and otorhinolaryngologic affections. Positive clinical and bacteriological results of the trials were stated in 76-90 per cent of the cases. The adverse reactions such as skin eruption and dyspepsia were rare and did not require the specific treatment.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Cefixime; Cefotaxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Inflammation; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Respiratory Tract Infections; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents; Ascites; Cefotaxime; Diagnosis, Differential; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Diuretics; Edema; Humans; Inflammation; Liver Cirrhosis; Lower Extremity; Male; Norfloxacin; Paracentesis; Peritonitis; Spironolactone; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Ultrasonography

To explore the immunoregulating effects of cefodizime on neutrophils and its mechanisms, we detected the expression of some cytokines secreted by neutrophils after heat-killed Klebsiella pneumoniae induced inflammation. We analyzed the changes of signal transduction in this process by detecting the mRNA expression of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the inhibitor factor of kappaBalpha (I-kappaBalpha) expressed by neutrophils. The activity of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) in neutrophils was also assayed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). We found cefodizime increased neutrophil production of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta in the early stage of inflammation, which was in agreement with the enhanced mRNA expression of TLR4 and DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB. Taken together, the immunomodulating effects of cefodizime on cytokine production of K. pneumoniae stimulated neutrophils is possibly due to its regulation of TLR4 mRNA expression and DNA binding activities of NF-kappaB through the LPS-TLR4-NF-kappaB pathway.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefotaxime; Cytokines; Inflammation; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lipopolysaccharides; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mice; Neutrophil Activation; Neutrophils; NF-kappa B; Receptors, Cell Surface; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Toll-Like Receptors

Encapsulated Klebsiella pneumoniae strains frequently induce fatal nosocomial pneumonia. Cefodizime (CEF) as an antibiotic is suspected to enhance host resistance against various microbial invasions through interactions with bacteria and host cells. To investigate the influence of CEF on the pulmonary response to Klebsiella that does not merely result from direct bacterial clearance by the drug, we inoculated mice with heat-killed fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled K. pneumoniae. CEF upregulated (P < 0.01) the early Klebsiella-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha, as well as the number (P < 0.01) and phagocytic efficacy (P < 0.001) of alveolar macrophages. By contrast, the late polymorphonuclear neutrophil recruitment (P < 0.05) and levels of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1alpha) (P < 0.05) and IL-6 (P < 0.05) were reduced. The stimulation of an early immune response by CEF followed by late reduction in inflammation may be beneficial against bacterial pneumonia.

Topics: Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cefotaxime; Cephalosporins; Inflammation; Injections, Subcutaneous; Interleukins; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lung; Macrophages, Alveolar; Mice; Neutrophils; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

The authors report three cases of acute epiploitis diagnosed intraoperatively and discuss the etiopathogenetic hypotheses. They suggest a relationship between acute epiploitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis, as well as their common origin.

Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Cefotaxime; Ceftriaxone; Child; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Mesenteric Lymphadenitis; Omentum; Peritoneal Diseases; Premedication

In a rabbit Escherichia coli meningitis model, endotoxin liberation and concentrations of leukocytes, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and lactate were compared after a single intravenous dose of cefotaxime, cefpirome, meropenem, chloramphenicol, or gentamicin. These antibiotics caused a 2- to 10-fold increase in cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of free (filterable) endotoxin within 2 h of starting treatment. By contrast, free endotoxin concentrations increased almost 100-fold in untreated animals 4 h later as bacteria continued to multiply. An initial enhancement of inflammation in the central nervous system occurred in all treatment groups compared with untreated controls. No significant differences were observed between treatment groups except for lower TNF concentrations in chloramphenicol-treated animals. Antibiotic therapy in E. coli meningitis, irrespective of the agent used, may result in an increase in free endotoxin and enhancement of inflammation, but the amount of endotoxin liberated is considerably smaller than that shed by untreated bacteria.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefotaxime; Cefpirome; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Endotoxins; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Inflammation; Male; Meningitis, Bacterial; Meropenem; Rabbits; Thienamycins

The rat granuloma pouch model was used to study the penetration of imipenem into inflammatory exudate and its efficacy in an experimental local infection. Rats were given a single intravenous injection of drug via the tail vein at a dose of 40 mg/kg. The peak concentrations of imipenem, ceftizoxime, cefazolin, and cefsulodin in exudates ranged from 10.1 to 12.3 mg/l, except that ampicillin achieved only 5.4 mg/l. Imipenem rapidly reached peak concentration after injection, but the half life for elimination of imipenem from exudate was 77.7 min, which was shorter than that of other beta-lactam antibiotics. Imipenem exhibited more rapid reduction in bacterial growth than cefsulodin in an experimental local infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the pouch model. The results suggested that imipenem was an effective agent in treating the local infection.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefazolin; Cefotaxime; Cefsulodin; Ceftizoxime; Exudates and Transudates; Granuloma; Imipenem; Inflammation; Male; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thienamycins