cefotaxime and Cholera

. Microbiological quality of drinking water supplied in Moamba, a small town in southern Mozambique, was assessed by collecting and analyzing 91 water sample from 5 sampling sites: raw or inlet water, treated water and 3 household taps along the water distribution system. The presence of Escherichia coli as indicator fecal contamination, three bacterial pathogens, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella and Campylobacter spp., and Cefotaximee resistant E. coli as antibiotic resistance determinant, was assessed.. . The results showed fecal contamination in all types of water samples: E. coli was found in 100% of inlet water samples, in 21% of treated water samples, and in 22% of tap water samples. No Salmonella spp. was detected during the study. The presence of V. cholerae was detected in 42% of all water samples tested: 100% of inlet water samples, in 16% of treated water samples, and in 23% household tap water samples. All V. cholerae confirmed isolates where genotyped by PCR as non-O1/non-O139; however, 9 isolates showed the presence of the genes encoding for cholera toxin. The presence of Campylobacter spp. was detected in 36% of the water samples tested: in 95% of inlet water samples, in 10% of treated water samples and in 23% household tap water samples. Cefotaxime resistant E. coli was detected in 63% of inlet water, 16% of treated water, and in 9% of tap water samples, these isolates were also resistant to multiple other antibiotics: ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline chloramphenicol. All 70 V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 confirmed isolated were resistant to ampicillin, 51% to streptomycin, 13% to gentamycin, and 1 isolate was resistant to tetracycline; 13% showed a multi-drug resistant profile, being resistant to at least three antibiotics.. . The presence of fecal contamination and pathogens in the water treatment system and household taps in Moamba indicates a health risk for the population. This burden increases by the presence of bacterial pathogens showing multidrug resistance.

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefotaxime; Chloramphenicol; Cholera; Cholera Toxin; Drinking Water; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Humans; Mozambique; Streptomycin; Tetracyclines; Vibrio cholerae; Water Microbiology; Water Supply

Aeromonas species have been reported to cause various illnesses in humans such as wound infections, septicaemia, peritonitis and pneumonia. Their role in causation of cholera-like illness is also being increasingly recognized. This retrospective study was done to know the presence of Aeromonas as a cause of acute diarrhoea in a tertiary care hospital and to find the common species of Aeromonas causing diarrhoea and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns.. Fifty isolates of Aeromonas were obtained over a period of 15 yr from 2000 to 2014 from patients of suspected acute gastroenteritis resembling cholera. Biotyping was done for 35 of these isolates available in culture collection, based on a panel of 13 biochemical reactions. Antibiogram was put up for all of these isolates by disk diffusion methods and interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.. Of the 50 patients of Aeromonas-related acute gastroenteritis, 13 (26%) had typical features of cholera with rice water stools and severe dehydration. Eight patients (16%) had dysentery-like picture. One patient died of severe dehydration and septicaemia. The most common species were found to be Aeromonas caviae (34%) followed by Aeromonas veronii biovar veronii (29%), Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria (26%) and Aeromonas hydrophila (9%). All tested isolates were uniformly susceptible to cefepime, amikacin, azithromycin and meropenem; 14 per cent were susceptible to amoxicillin, 32 per cent to nalidixic acid, 60 per cent to co-trimoxazole, 54 per cent to ciprofloxacin, 60 per cent to ofloxacin, 74 per cent to chloramphenicol, 76 per cent to ceftriaxone, 74 per cent to cefotaxime, 88 per cent to gentamicin and 86 per cent to furoxone.. Aeromonas is an important, often neglected pathogen capable of causing a variety of gastrointestinal tract symptoms such as acute diarrhoea and dysentery and may even mimic cholera. It is, therefore, pertinent to recognize this pathogen as an important agent in the causation of severe diarrhoea.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aeromonas; Cefotaxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholera; Ciprofloxacin; Diarrhea; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Female; Humans; India; Infant; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Nalidixic Acid; Retrospective Studies; Tertiary Care Centers; Young Adult

Cholera is endemic in Chandigarh and its surrounding areas. This retrospective study was undertaken over a period of nine years (January 1999-December 2007) from a tertiary care hospital in north India to understand the changing epidemiology aspects and antibiotic resistance patterns in Vibrio cholerae isolates.. A total of 277 isolates of V. cholerae were included in the study. V. cholerae was identified by standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed by disc diffusion method and isolates phage typed.. All the isolates were identified as V. cholerae O1 biotype El Tor serotype Ogawa; phage 27 was the predominant type. Men were more commonly affected with maximum number in the age group 0-5 yr. Majority of the isolates were resistant to furazolidone but sensitive to gentamicin and cefotaxime. Resistance pattern to amoxycillin was variable. Three isolates were found to be resistant to ciprofloxacin. All the patients presented during June-October coinciding with the monsoon season and a majority were from suburbs.. The emergence of resistance amongst V. cholerae especially towards ciprofloxacin may significantly influence the control strategies in future outbreaks. Phage 27 remained the predominant type in all the years. Continuous surveillance with regard to drug resistance, early detection and a strong regional commitment may help contain the disease.

Topics: Age Factors; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefotaxime; Cholera; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance; Female; Furazolidone; Gentamicins; Humans; India; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Retrospective Studies; Serotyping; Sex Factors; Vibrio cholerae O1

All cases of cholera that have occurred at our center in north India have been due to Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa, including the outbreaks in 2002 and 2004. Here we report the emergence of V. cholerae O1 biotype El Tor serotype Inaba for the first time in this region since July 2004. Fifteen Inaba isolates were obtained from 32 patients suffering from cholera-like illness. The patients lived in Chandigarh and the neighboring states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. All strains were resistant to nalidixic acid and trimethoprim, and showed moderate sensitivity to amoxycillin. All were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, cefotaxime, amikacin, and gentamicin. All strains were found to be toxigenic when tested with a commercial reverse passive latex agglutination kit. The last reported Inaba isolate dominance in India was observed in Calcutta in 1989. There is a need to closely watch the spread of serotype Inaba, as it may cause outbreaks in other parts of India; molecular studies are warranted to understand the widespread emergence of Inaba in north India.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amikacin; Anti-Infective Agents; Cefotaxime; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholera; Ciprofloxacin; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; India; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Nalidixic Acid; Tetracycline; Trimethoprim; Vibrio cholerae O1

We describe the remarkable case of a patient with septicemia caused by Non 0-1 Vibrio Cholerae associated with skin lesion of the lower and upper extremities. This patient suffered from chronic liver disease and a cervix carcinoma in IIIB stage, she had been admitted to the hospital the day before for dicompensated ascites. She received intravenous cefotaxime and had a satisfactory recovery and was completely free of signs and symptoms. We report its epidemiological discovery in inland freshwater and this is the first announced case in Spain with this confirmed environmental isolation and a rare report case in the literature.

Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Cefotaxime; Cholera; Female; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Neoplasm Staging; Treatment Outcome; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vibrio cholerae

We describe a case of non-serogroup O:1 Vibrio cholerae bacteremia and cerebritis in a 41-year-old Thai man with alcoholism who presented with fever and cellulitis of the right ankle. He was successfully treated with parenteral cefotaxime and then was switched to treatment with oral ciprofloxacin.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteremia; Cefotaxime; Cephalosporins; Cholera; Ciprofloxacin; Humans; Male; Meningitis, Bacterial; Vibrio cholerae