Page last updated: 2024-08-23

cefoperazone and Health Care Associated Infection

cefoperazone has been researched along with Health Care Associated Infection in 39 studies

Research

Studies (39)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	9 (23.08)	18.7374
1990's	6 (15.38)	18.2507
2000's	9 (23.08)	29.6817
2010's	10 (25.64)	24.3611
2020's	5 (12.82)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Caniça, M; Ferreira, E; Leitão, J; Manageiro, V; Mendonça, N	1
Fang, X; Huang, F; Wang, J; Yu, J	1
Han, Z; Shen, S; Xiong, Z; Zeng, D	1
Guclu, E; Karabay, O; Kaya, G; Ogutlu, A	1
Aggarwal, A; Sahu, C; Thomas, KN	1
Cao, J; Chen, L; Liao, W; Xu, W; Xu, Y; Yu, K; Zeng, W; Zhou, T	1
Hao, D; Hu, Z; Liu, X; Sun, T; Tian, H; Wang, T; Wang, X	1
Li, J; Ma, W; Sun, S; Wang, D; Yu, C	1
Li, Z; Liu, S; Sun, CD; Wang, Y	1
Bosnak, VK; Karaoglan, I; Mete, AO; Namiduru, M; Zer, Y	1
Fang, X; Gong, M; Xia, J; Xu, Y; Zhang, D; Zhou, Y	1
Arslan, U; Kus, H; Tuncer, I; Turk Dagi, H	1
Herych, ID; Vashchuk, VV	1
Aktas, A; Divrikli, D; Gursoy, T; Ovali, F; Sari, I	1
Altın, N; Argun, C; Canbakan, B; Cesur, S; Koldaş, K; Kurşun, O; Sencan, I; Unal, N	1
Du, W; Liu, Y; Rui, X; Shi, Y; Wang, Y; Xu, YC	1
Blahová, J; Jezek, P; Králiková, K; Krćméry, V; Vaculíková, A	1
Chen, P; Cheng, WC; Xiang, XD; Zan, JN	1
Chen, MJ; Wang, H	1
Mitrokhin, SD	1
Bachinskaia, EN; Beloborodova, NV; Kuznetsova, ST; Popov, DA; Vostrikov, TIu	1
Das, BK; Dhawan, B; Kapil, A; Mohanty, S; Singhal, R; Sood, S	1
Cherkashin, EA; Galeeva, EV; Ivanov, DV; Krapivina, IV; Sidorenko, SV; Veshutova, NS	1
Ernest, KD; Magnussen, CR; Sammartino, MT	1
Jones, RN	1
Barranco, SF; Cohen, MS; Washton, HE	1
Croce, MA; Fabian, TC; Kudsk, KA; Minard, G; Pritchard, FE; Stewart, RM; Trenthem, L	1
Branaman-Phillips, J; Phillips, SL	1
Cheong, YM; Lim, VK	1
Iakovlev, VP	1
Andriole, VT; Berenson, C; Greco, T; Mangi, RJ; Peccerillo, KM; Ryan, J; Thornton, G	1
Breitenbucher, RB	1
Durgham, SM; Ishag, AH; Shibl, AM	1
Albano, O; Malvestiti, FM; Monno, D; Morelli, N; Palasciano, G; Tardi, S; Velardi, A	1
Andriole, VT; Berenson, C; Greco, T; Mangi, RJ; Ryan, J; Simms, M; Thornton, G	1
Andriole, VT; Greco, T; Mangi, RJ; Ryan, J; Thornton, G	1
Chelluri, L	1
Guenthner, SH; Norris, SM; Wenzel, RP	1

Reviews

2 review(s) available for cefoperazone and Health Care Associated Infection

Article	Year
[Modern possibilities of hepacef combi (cefoperazon/sulbactam) application for the treatment of surgical infection]. Klinichna khirurhiia, 2011, Issue:2 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefoperazone; Cross Infection; Drug Combinations; Humans; Sulbactam; Surgical Wound Infection	2011
[Analysis of the 10-year use in Russia of cefoperazone, a third-generation cefalosporin, in the treatment of hospital infections]. Antibiotiki i khimioterapiia = Antibiotics and chemoterapy [sic], 1999, Volume: 44, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Cefoperazone; Cephalosporins; Child; Cross Infection; Economics, Pharmaceutical; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Russia; Treatment Outcome	1999

Article

Year

[Modern possibilities of hepacef combi (cefoperazon/sulbactam) application for the treatment of surgical infection].

Klinichna khirurhiia, 2011, Issue:2

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefoperazone; Cross Infection; Drug Combinations; Humans; Sulbactam; Surgical Wound Infection

2011

[Analysis of the 10-year use in Russia of cefoperazone, a third-generation cefalosporin, in the treatment of hospital infections].

Antibiotiki i khimioterapiia = Antibiotics and chemoterapy [sic], 1999, Volume: 44, Issue:4

Topics: Adult; Cefoperazone; Cephalosporins; Child; Cross Infection; Economics, Pharmaceutical; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Russia; Treatment Outcome

1999

Trials

6 trial(s) available for cefoperazone and Health Care Associated Infection

Article	Year
Multicenter clinical trial of cefoperazone sodium in the United States. The American journal of medicine, 1984, Jul-31, Volume: 77, Issue:1B Topics: Aged; Bacterial Infections; Cefoperazone; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cross Infection; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteomyelitis; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sepsis; Skin Diseases, Infectious; United States; Urinary Tract Infections	1984
Empiric monotherapy versus combination therapy of nosocomial pneumonia in trauma patients. The Journal of trauma, 1993, Volume: 35, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cefoperazone; Ceftazidime; Cross Infection; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gentamicins; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Incidence; Infusions, Intravenous; Injury Severity Score; Male; Methicillin Resistance; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Prospective Studies; Staphylococcal Infections; Superinfection; Wounds, Nonpenetrating; Wounds, Penetrating	1993
The use of intramuscular cefoperazone versus intramuscular ceftriaxone in patients with nursing home-acquired pneumonia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 1993, Volume: 41, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacterial Infections; Cefoperazone; Ceftriaxone; Cross Infection; Female; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Nursing Homes; Pneumonia	1993
Cefoperazone versus ceftriaxone monotherapy of nosocomial pneumonia. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease, 1992, Volume: 15, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cefoperazone; Ceftriaxone; Costs and Cost Analysis; Cross Infection; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Prospective Studies; Sputum; Superinfection	1992
Cefoperazone versus ceftazidime monotherapy of nosocomial pneumonia. The American journal of medicine, 1988, Jul-25, Volume: 85, Issue:1A Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefoperazone; Ceftazidime; Clinical Trials as Topic; Costs and Cost Analysis; Cross Infection; Humans; Pneumonia; Prospective Studies; Random Allocation; Sputum	1988
Cefoperazone versus combination antibiotic therapy of hospital-acquired pneumonia. The American journal of medicine, 1988, Volume: 84, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefazolin; Cefoperazone; Clindamycin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Costs and Cost Analysis; Cross Infection; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gentamicins; Humans; Hypoprothrombinemias; Pneumonia; Prospective Studies; Random Allocation	1988

Other Studies

31 other study(ies) available for cefoperazone and Health Care Associated Infection

Article	Year
Spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-producing escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2007, Volume: 51, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamases; Community-Acquired Infections; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli Proteins; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Portugal	2007
Investigation and Analysis of Infection among Inpatients in a Tertiary Hospital in Shanghai. Computational and mathematical methods in medicine, 2022, Volume: 2022 Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefoperazone; China; Community-Acquired Infections; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Inpatients; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Retrospective Studies; Sulbactam; Tertiary Care Centers	2022
The Investigation on Nosocomial Infection of Acinetobacter baumannii and the Clinical Analysis of Sequential Therapy of Cefoperazone/Sulbactam Sodium for Intracranial Infection. Computational and mathematical methods in medicine, 2022, Volume: 2022 Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Acinetobacter Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Case-Control Studies; Cefoperazone; Cross Infection; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Sodium; Sulbactam; Tigecycline	2022
The effect of cefoperazone sulbactam and piperacillin tazobactam on mortality in Gram-negative nosocomial infections. Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy), 2020, Volume: 32, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefoperazone; Cross Infection; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; Retrospective Studies; Sulbactam	2020
Ralstonia mannitolilytica bacteraemia and gastroenteritis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis: an emerging nosocomial infection. Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2021, 06-18, Volume: 60, Issue:6 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bacteremia; Cefoperazone; Cross Infection; Diarrhea; Female; Gastroenteritis; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Middle Aged; Ralstonia; Sulbactam	2021
Bloodstream infections caused by ST2 Acinetobacter baumannii: risk factors, antibiotic regimens, and virulence over 6 years period in China. Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2021, 01-18, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Acinetobacter Infections; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefoperazone; China; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Female; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Respiration, Artificial; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sepsis; Sulbactam; Thrombocytopenia; Tigecycline; Virulence; Young Adult	2021
[Analysis of the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of non-fermenting bacterial infection in intensive care unit from 2009 to 2015] Zhonghua wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue, 2016, Volume: 28, Issue:5 Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cefepime; Cefoperazone; Cephalosporins; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; Imipenem; Intensive Care Units; Meropenem; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillanic Acid; Piperacillin; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Retrospective Studies; Thienamycins	2016
In vitro interaction of various antibiotic combinations recommended by Chinese consensus statement against carbapenems-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Letters in applied microbiology, 2019, Volume: 69, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aztreonam; Carbapenems; Cefoperazone; Ceftazidime; China; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Piperacillin; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Tazobactam	2019
[Drug resistance analysis of pan-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in hospital]. Zhonghua wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue, 2013, Volume: 25, Issue:6 Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Acinetobacter Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefoperazone; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests	2013
In vitro synergistic activity of colistin with tigecycline or β-lactam antibiotic/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. The Journal of international medical research, 2013, Volume: 41, Issue:6 Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Acinetobacter Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactam Resistance; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; Carbapenems; Cefoperazone; Colistin; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Drug Synergism; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline; Penicillanic Acid; Piperacillin; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; Sulbactam; Tigecycline	2013
A retrospective analysis of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-mediated nosocomial pneumonia and the in vitro therapeutic benefit of cefoperazone/sulbactam. International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2014, Volume: 23 Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; C-Reactive Protein; Carbapenems; Cefoperazone; Cross Infection; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Levofloxacin; Male; Meropenem; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Retrospective Studies; Sulbactam; Thienamycins	2014
[In vitro synergistic activity of sulbactam in combination with imipenem, meropenem and cefoperazone against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates]. Mikrobiyoloji bulteni, 2014, Volume: 48, Issue:2 Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Acinetobacter Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactam Resistance; Carbapenems; Cefoperazone; Cross Infection; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Humans; Imipenem; Meropenem; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sulbactam; Thienamycins	2014
Use of cefoperazone/sulbactam in neonates. Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society, 2012, Volume: 54, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cefoperazone; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sulbactam	2012
[A case of ventilator-associated pneumonia due to Pantoea agglomerans]. Mikrobiyoloji bulteni, 2012, Volume: 46, Issue:2 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefoperazone; Cross Infection; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Heart Arrest; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Ofloxacin; Opportunistic Infections; Pantoea; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated; Respiration, Artificial; Sulbactam	2012
[Cefoperazone-sulbactam plus minocycline in the treatment of extensively drug resistant Acinetobacter infections]. Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 2012, Oct-30, Volume: 92, Issue:40 Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Acinetobacter Infections; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cefoperazone; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minocycline; Prospective Studies; Sulbactam	2012
First occurrence of transferable extended-spectrum beta-lactamase hydrolyzing cefoperazone in multiresistant nosocomial strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae from two hospitals in Czech and Slovak Republics. Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy), 2002, Volume: 14, Issue:5 Topics: Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefoperazone; Cephalosporins; Cross Infection; Czech Republic; Drug Interactions; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Escherichia coli; Humans; Hydrolysis; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Proteus mirabilis; Slovakia	2002
[Distribution of bacteria and analysis of their sensibility to antibiotics in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia]. Hunan yi ke da xue xue bao = Hunan yike daxue xuebao = Bulletin of Hunan Medical University, 2000, Dec-28, Volume: 25, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cefoperazone; Ceftriaxone; Cross Infection; Female; Humans; Imipenem; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus epidermidis	2000
[Changes of antimicrobial resistance among nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli isolated from intensive care units from 1994 to 2001 in China]. Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 2003, Mar-10, Volume: 83, Issue:5 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefoperazone; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Piperacillin; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sulbactam	2003
[Sulperazone in the treatment of severe infections in patients with cancer]. Antibiotiki i khimioterapiia = Antibiotics and chemoterapy [sic], 2003, Volume: 48, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefoperazone; Cross Infection; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Neoplasms; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Sulbactam; Surgical Wound Infection; Urinary Tract Infections	2003
[Clinical experience with the treatment of severe nosocomial infections by inhibitor-protected 3rd generation cephalosporin cefoperazone/sulbactam]. Antibiotiki i khimioterapiia = Antibiotics and chemoterapy [sic], 2005, Volume: 50, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefoperazone; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross Infection; Drug Combinations; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Sulbactam	2005
Comparative in vitro activity of beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations against gram negative bacteria. The Indian journal of medical research, 2005, Volume: 122, Issue:5 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactam Resistance; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; Cefoperazone; Clavulanic Acids; Cross Infection; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; Penicillanic Acid; Piperacillin; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; Sulbactam; Ticarcillin	2005
[Three-year experience with the use of cefoperazone/sulbactam (sulperazone) in the treatment of hospital-acquired infections in an oncologic hospital]. Antibiotiki i khimioterapiia = Antibiotics and chemoterapy [sic], 2006, Volume: 51, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Candida; Cefoperazone; Cross Infection; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Oncology Service, Hospital; Sulbactam	2006
[Resistance epidemiology of gramnegative nonfermenting pathogens of nosocomial infections in intensive care units and surgical departments]. Antibiotiki i khimioterapiia = Antibiotics and chemoterapy [sic], 2006, Volume: 51, Issue:7 Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamases; Carbapenems; Cefoperazone; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genes, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Infant; Intensive Care Units; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Epidemiology; Moscow; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sulbactam; Surgery Department, Hospital	2006
Aminoglycoside-resistant gram-negative bacilli in a community hospital: comparative in vitro activity of cefotaxime, moxalactam, cefoperazone, and piperacillin. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1982, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Cefoperazone; Cefotaxime; Cephalosporins; Cephamycins; Cross Infection; Humans; Moxalactam; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Piperacillin	1982
Changing patterns of resistance to new beta-lactam antibiotics. In vitro efficacy of cefoperazone against bacterial pathogens. The American journal of medicine, 1984, Jul-31, Volume: 77, Issue:1B Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; beta-Lactamases; Cefoperazone; Cross Infection; Drug Interactions; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enterobacteriaceae; Humans; Hydrolysis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests	1984
In-vitro activity of cefoperazone-sulbactam combination against cefoperazone resistant clinical isolates in a Malaysian general hospital. The Malaysian journal of pathology, 1995, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Cefoperazone; Cephalosporin Resistance; Cross Infection; Drug Combinations; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Hospitals, General; Malaysia; Sulbactam	1995
UTI: managing the most common nursing home infection. Geriatrics, 1990, Volume: 45, Issue:5 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Cefoperazone; Ciprofloxacin; Cross Infection; Female; Homes for the Aged; Humans; Hygiene; Male; Nursing Homes; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Urinary Catheterization; Urinary Tract Infections	1990
Comparative in vitro antibacterial activity of aztreonam against clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria. Chemotherapy, 1989, Volume: 35 Suppl 1 Topics: Aztreonam; Cefoperazone; Cefotaxime; Ceftazidime; Cross Infection; Gentamicins; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Moxalactam; Ticarcillin	1989
[Efficacy and tolerability of cefoperazone in patients with nosocomial infections]. La Clinica terapeutica, 1988, Jul-31, Volume: 126, Issue:2 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cefoperazone; Cholecystitis; Cross Infection; Drug Evaluation; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Respiratory Tract Infections; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Time Factors; Tonsillitis; Urinary Tract Infections	1988
Cefoperazone versus combination antibiotic therapy of hospital-acquired pneumonia. The American journal of medicine, 1988, Volume: 84, Issue:6 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefoperazone; Cross Infection; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Pneumonia	1988
Comparative activity of seven extended-spectrum cephalosporins against gram-negative bacilli from blood cultures. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 1985, Volume: 16, Issue:2 Topics: Cefmenoxime; Cefoperazone; Cefotaxime; Ceftazidime; Ceftizoxime; Ceftriaxone; Cephalosporins; Cross Infection; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis	1985