cefdinir and Staphylococcal-Infections

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cefdinir in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate bacterial community acquired pneumonia (CAP).. A prospective single-blind randomized controlled clinical study was performed comparing cefdinir with cefaclor in the treatment of sixty-four patients with CAP. The clinical and bacteriological efficacy and safety were compared between cefdinir and cefaclor in treating mild to moderate CAP. Thirty-three patients were treated with cefdinir 100 mg, orally, three times a day (cefdinir group), thirty-one patients were treated with cefaclor 500 mg, orally, three times a day (cefaclor group). In both groups 7-14 d was a treatment course.. The cure rate of cefdinir and cefaclor was 84.8% and 77.4% respectively and the overall efficacy rate was 93.9% and 87.1% respectively. The bacterial positive rates and bacterial eradication rates of the two groups were 81.8%, 80.7% and 96.3%, 88%, respectively. The adverse drug reaction rate were 3% in cefdinir group and 6.5% in cefaclor group. There was no statistical significant difference between the two groups for the above results (P >0.05). The time of given medicine of cefdinir and cefaclor was (10.8 +/- 1.6) d and (12.1 +/- 1.7) d (P <0.01) respectively.. cefdinir is safe and effective, shorten the course of treatment in the treatment of mild to moderate bacterial community acquired pneumonia.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefaclor; Cefdinir; Cephalosporins; Community-Acquired Infections; Humans; Middle Aged; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Prospective Studies; Single-Blind Method; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections

The purpose of this study was to evaluate various oral antimicrobial agent levels in tooth extraction sites.. The concentration of dental alveolar blood in extraction wounds after the oral administration of talampicillin (500 mg), cefaclor (500 mg), cefteram pivoxil (200 mg), cefuroxime axetil (250 mg), cefdinir (200 mg), and ofloxacin (100 mg) was determined in 338 patients and was assessed on the basis of its antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus isolated in odontogenic infections.. The percentage of patients whose concentrations exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of Streptococcus was 62.5% to 100% for talampicillin at 30 to 360 minutes, 0% to 12.5% for cefaclor at 30 to 360 minutes, 18.2% to 100% for cefteram pivoxil at 30 to 480 minutes, 50% to 100% for cefuroxime axetil at 30 to 480 minutes, 0% to 50% for cefdinir at 16 to 290 minutes, and 0% to 40% for ofloxacin at 30 to 480 minutes.. These results indicate that talampicillin, cefteram pivoxil, and cefuroxime axetil have minimum inhibitory concentration levels for 90% of Streptococcus in tooth sockets.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alveolar Process; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefaclor; Cefdinir; Cefmenoxime; Cefuroxime; Cephalosporins; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ofloxacin; Penicillins; Prodrugs; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Talampicillin; Time Factors; Tooth Diseases; Tooth Extraction; Tooth Socket

We examined the antibacterial action of several tannins on plasma coagulation by Staphylococcus aureus and the effect of conventional chemotherapy combined with tannic acid below the MIC. Coagulation was inhibited in plasma containing tannic acid (100 mg/L), gallic acid (5000 mg/L), ellagic acid (5000 mg/L), (-)-epicatechin (1500 mg/L), (-)-epicatechin gallate (500 mg/L) or (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (200 mg/L) after incubation for 24 h. All tannins inhibited coagulation at a concentration below the MIC. The MICs of oxacillin and cefdinir for S. aureus were reduced to < or = 0.06 mg/L in Mueller-Hinton agar plates with tannic acid (100 mg/L) at a concentration below the MIC. The antistaphylococcal activity of tannic acid was reduced in plates with 10% rabbit blood, but not in those with 10% rabbit plasma. Membranous structures formed in a culture medium containing equal proportions of plasma and tryptic soy broth after incubation for 24 h. The colony counts of S. aureus in membranous structures in the medium containing oxacillin (40 mg/L) and tannic acid (100 mg/L) were c. 10-fold lower than those in medium containing oxacillin (40 mg/L) alone (P < 0.01). Tannic acid merits further investigation as a possible adjuvant agent against S. aureus skin infections treated with beta-lactam antibiotics.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood Coagulation; Cefdinir; Cephalosporins; Colony Count, Microbial; Culture Media; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxacillin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Tannins

Cefdinir (FK482), a new oral cephalosporin, displayed potent oral activity versus induced infections in mice. In studies using beta-lactamase-nonproducing (beta LAC-) and -producing (beta LAC+) Staphylococcus aureus strains, respective PD50s (in mg/kg) were 11 and 24 for preventing subcutaneous abscess and 2.7 and 2.3 for preventing lethal systemic infection. In studies using beta LAC- and beta LAC+ Haemophilus influenzae, respective PD50s were 5.8 and 3.1 for preventing lethal systemic infection. Time-kill studies versus H. influenzae showed that 6- to 12-mg/kg dosing was effective in reducing viable counts of these strains in blood by > or = 100-fold by 24 h after challenge. This in vivo performance was comparable to or exceeded values generated by cefaclor, cefpodoxime proxetil, and ampicillin.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; beta-Lactamases; Cefdinir; Cephalosporins; Female; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus influenzae; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus