cefamandole and Otitis-Media

The relationship between the degree of chronic middle ear inflammation and pneumatization was investigated in the pig as an animal model, since its tympanic bulla closely resembles the human mastoid air cell system. Ten piglets (sire: Landrace-Hampshire crossbreed; dam: Duroc) were used for this experiment. Four ears of two animals served as the normal control group and 16 ears of eight animals were the experimental group. In this latter group, otitis media was induced by injecting glycerin into the middle ear clefts 1 months after birth, and the degree of inflammation was varied by administering or withholding antibiotics (cefamandole and dibekacin) and adjusting the dosage regimen. The animals were sacrificed 6 months after birth and examined for the relationship between the degree of chronic middle ear inflammation present and tympanic bulla pneumatization. Various degrees of inflammation were successfully induced by injecting the antibiotics: the more severe the inflammation found, the greater was the inhibition of pneumatization. Findings demonstrated that the degree of inhibition of pneumatization produced was directly proportional to the severity of chronic middle ear inflammation.

Topics: Animals; Bone Resorption; Cefamandole; Chronic Disease; Dibekacin; Disease Models, Animal; Ear, Middle; Epithelium; Glycerol; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Injections, Intramuscular; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts; Osteosclerosis; Otitis Media; Swine; Temporal Bone

Cefamandole was evaluated for the initial management of bacterial infections in 60 infants and children. Infections included cellulitis (22), pneumonia (21), cervical lymphadenitis (8), arthritis or osteomyelitis (6), otitis media (2), and epiglottitis 91). Appropriate bacterial cultures and laboratory tests were performed for all patients. Cefamandole, 100 to 150 mg/kg/day divided into four doses given every six hours, was administered by the intravenous route. All bacterial isolates were sensitive to cefamandole, and all patients had good clinical and bacteriological responses. Duration of cefamandole therapy ranged between three and 30 days. Some of the patients' treatments were changed to specific narrow-spectrum antimicrobials after availability of the bacterial sensitivities. Cefamandole was tolerated well by most patients. Mild leukopenia and neutropenia developed in one patient and slight eosinophilia in four patients. These hematological abnormalities resolved spontaneously. These data suggest that cefamandole is an effective agent for the initial treatment of nonmeningitic infections in children.

Topics: Adolescent; Arthritis, Infectious; Bacterial Infections; Cefamandole; Cellulitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Epiglottitis; Female; Humans; Infant; Lymphadenitis; Male; Osteomyelitis; Otitis Media; Pneumonia

Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefamandole; Cephalosporins; Child; Child, Preschool; Enteritis; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Otitis Media; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tonsillitis; Urinary Tract Infections