cefamandole and Infant--Newborn--Diseases

Cefamandole (CMD) was intravenously drip infusion administered at daily dose of 400 mg/kg to the neonate with purulent meningitis caused by E. coli which was resistant to ABPC. In clinical application, CMD was evaluated as effective, although 6 mg/kg/day of GM given concomitantly. No adverse effect and abnormal laboratory findings were observed. This study would support the clinical usefulness of CMD in severe neonatal infection especially like meningitis.

Topics: Cefamandole; Cephalosporins; Drug Therapy, Combination; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Meningitis

Topics: Biological Availability; Cefamandole; Cephalosporins; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Male

Topics: Cefamandole; Citrobacter; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Female; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Osteomyelitis; Tibia

The synergy of four combinations of antimicrobial agents potentially useful in the treatment of neonatal meningitis was examined with 19 strains of Escherichia coli K1. The effect on antimicrobial activity of changes in E. coli concentration and in pH to values similar to those of cerebrospinal fluid from infected neonates was also assessed. The degree of synergy, assessed by checkerboard agar dilution of the antimicrobial agents in combination with gentamicin, decreased in the following order: trimethoprim, cefamandole, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol. Significant variation in activity against different strains of E. coli was not observed. In broth dilution tests, the individual antimicrobial agents, but not the combinations, were notably less active at pH 7.00 with an inoculum of 10(7) cfu/ml than at pH 7.40 with 10(5) cfu/ml. Bactericidal activities of the beta-lactam and trimethoprim combinations were similar. Chloramphenicol antagonized the bactericidal effect of gentamicin and of ampicillin plus gentamicin.

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefamandole; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Chloramphenicol; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Gentamicins; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Meningitis; Trimethoprim

Cefamandole, a new parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic, was administered to 23 newborn infants with pustular skin infection due to Staphylococcus aureus for an average duration of 7.5 days. All the patients improved clinically. Elevation of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and eosinophilia were observed in nine infants each transiently during treatment. There were no abnormalities of renal functions and Coombs' test results remained negative. The levels of cefamandole in serum after either intravenous or intramuscular administration were higher and the mean life was longer than those previously reported in older infants, children, and adults.

Topics: Cefamandole; Cephalosporins; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Kinetics; Male; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Staphylococcal Infections

Cefamandole, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, has greater activity against common pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, and Proteus (including indole-positive strains), than available cephalosporin drugs. We have evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of this drug in 30 infants and children. Blood levels and urinary excretion of the drug were similar to those previously found in adults. The only side effects were mild and transient elevation of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase in 12 patients and of blood urea nitrogen in 1 patient in whom serum creatinine remained normal and unchanged.

Topics: Adolescent; Cefamandole; Cephalosporins; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Pneumonia; Urinary Tract Infections