casticin and Lung-Neoplasms

Artemisia annua L. (A. annua) and its active components exhibit antitumour effects in many cancer cells. However, the biological processes and mechanisms involved are not well understood, especially for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the biological processes of A. annua and its active components in NSCLC cells and to identify the mechanism by which these compounds induce apoptosis.. Cell viability and flow cytometry assays were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of A. annua active components casticin (CAS) and chrysosplenol D (CHD) in A. annua in NSCLC cells. After treatment with CAS and CHD, A549 cells were subjected to RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and subjected to functional enrichment analysis (KEGG and GO analysis) as well as protein interaction network analysis. The key targets associated with apoptosis induction in A549 cells were screened by Cytoscape, and the screened DEGs were validated by qRT-PCR. Immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and molecular docking assays were used to determine whether CAS and/or CHD could induce apoptosis in NSCLC cells by inducing DNA damage through down-regulation of topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα) expression. The same experiments were verified again in the H1299 lung cancer cell line.. CAS and CHD inhibited NSCLC cells proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and significantly induced apoptosis. A total of 115 co-upregulated DEGs and 277 co-downregulated DEGs were identified in A549 cells following treatment with CAS and CHD. Comprehensive and systematic data about biological processes and mechanisms were obtained. DNA damage pathways and topo IIα targets were screened to study the apoptosis effects of CAS and CHD on NSCLC cells. CAS and CHD may be able to induce DNA damage by binding to topo IIα-DNA and reducing topo IIα activity.. This study suggested that CAS and CHD may reduce topo IIα activity by binding to topo IIα-DNA, affecting the replication of DNA, triggering DNA damage, and inducing apoptosis. It described a novel mechanism associated with topo IIα inhibition to reveal a novel role for CAS and CHD in A. annua as potential anticancer agents and/or adjuvants in NSCLC cells.

Topics: Apoptosis; Artemisia annua; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II; Flavones; Flavonoids; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Molecular Docking Simulation

Casticin was obtained from natural plants, and it has been shown to exert biological functions; however, no report concerns the induction of DNA damage and repair in human lung cancer cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects and molecular mechanism of casticin on DNA damage and repair in human lung cancer A549 cells. Cell viability was determined by flow cytometric assay. The DNA damage was evaluated by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and electrophoresis which included comet assay and DNA gel electrophoresis. The protein levels associated with DNA damage and repair were analyzed by western blotting. The expression and translocation of p-H2A.X were observed by confocal laser microscopy. Casticin reduced total viable cell number and induced DNA condensation, fragmentation, and damage in A549 cells. Furthermore, casticin increased p-ATM at 6 h and increased p-ATR and BRCA1 at 6-24 h treatment but decreased p-ATM at 24-48 h, as well as decreased p-ATR and BRCA1 at 48 h. Furthermore, casticin decreased p-p53 at 6-24 h but increased at 48 h. Casticin increased p-H2A.X and MDC1 at 6-48 h treatment. In addition, casticin increased PARP (cleavage) at 6, 24, and 48 h treatment, DNA-PKcs and MGMT at 48 h in A549 cells. Casticin induced the expressions and nuclear translocation of p-H2AX in A549 cells by confocal laser microscopy. Casticin reduced cell number through DNA damage and condensation in human lung cancer A549 cells.

Topics: A549 Cells; Apoptosis; Cell Survival; DNA Damage; DNA Repair; Flavonoids; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Histones; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasm Proteins

Artemisia annua L. has gained increasing attention for its anticancer activity. However, beside artemisinin, less is known about the possible bioactive ingredients of Artemisia annua and respective herbal preparations. We hypothesized that, in addition to artemisinin, Artemisia annua preparations might contain multiple ingredients with potential anticancer activity.. An extract of an artemisinin-deficient Artemisia annua herbal preparation exhibits potent anticancer activity against triple negative human breast cancer. New active ingredients of Artemisia annua extract with potential anticancer activity have been identified.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apoptosis; Artemisia annua; Artemisinins; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Female; Flavones; Flavonoids; Humans; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lung Neoplasms; Mice; Mice, Nude; Plant Extracts; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Casticin, a natural polymethoxyflavone isolated from A. annua, V. trifolia, and V. agnus‑castus induces apoptosis in cancer cells by activating FoxO3a. However, whether casticin inhibits in vitro carcinogenesis and cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics, and whether casticin activates FoxO3a in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells remain unclear. We here demonstrated that casticin decreased sphere‑ and colony‑formation capabilities, and downregulated uPAR and CD133 in second‑generation spheres, which were considered as lung cancer stem‑like cells (LCSLCs), from SCLC H446 cells, in a concentration‑dependent manner. In addition, casticin dose‑dependently elevated the phosphorylation levels of AMPK and ACC, and reduced p‑FoxO3a expression. The above effects were attenuated by AMPK knockdown with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). FoxO3a silencing resulted in decreased protein expression of FoxO3a, increased in vitro carcinogenesis and CSC characteristics, with no appreciable effects on AMPK and ACC phosphorylation, and displayed similar activities to those neutralizing the effects of casticin on in vitro carcinogenesis and CSC characteristics. These findings reveal a novel mechanism for regulating AMPK/FoxO3a signaling in response to casticin, suggesting a new strategy for SCLC therapy by targeting cancer stem‑like cells.

Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; Animals; Apoptosis; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinogenesis; Cell Proliferation; Female; Flavonoids; Forkhead Box Protein O3; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Phosphorylation; Protein Kinases; Signal Transduction; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

A subpopulation of cancer stem cells is recognized as the cause of tumorigenesis and spreading. To investigate the effects of casticin (5,3'-dihydroxy-3,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone), derived from Fructus Viticis Simplicifoliae, on lung cancer stem cells, we isolated and identified a subpopulation of lung cancer stem-like cells (LCSLCs) from non-small-cell lung carcinoma A549 cells with the features including self-renewal capacity and high invasiveness in vitro, elevated tumorigenic activity in vivo, and high expression of stemness markers CD133, CD44, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), using serum-free suspension sphere-forming culture method. We then found that casticin could suppress the proliferation of LCSLCs in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 0.4 μmol/L, being much stronger than that in parental A549 cells. In addition, casticin could suppress the self-renewal and invasion of LCSLCs concomitant with decreased CD133, CD44, and ALDH1 protein expression and reduced MMP-9 activity. Further experiments showed that casticin suppressed self-renewal and invasion at least partly through down-regulation of Akt phosphorylation. In conclusion, casticin suppressed the characteristics of LCSLCs, suggesting that casticin may be a candidate compound for curing lung cancer via eliminating cancer stem cells.

Topics: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cell Line, Tumor; Down-Regulation; Flavonoids; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Phosphorylation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt

To assess if casticin induces caspase-mediated apoptosis via activation of mitochondrial pathway and upregulation of DR5 in human lung cancer cells.. Human non-small-cell lung carcinoma cell lines H460, A549 and H157 were cultured in vitro. The cytotoxic activities were determined using MTT assay. The apoptotic cells death was examined by flow cytometry using PI staining and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. The activities of caspase-3, -8 and -9 were measured via ELISA. Cellular fractionation was determined by flow cytometry to assess release of cytochrome c and the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Bcl-2/Bcl-XL/XIAP/Bid/DR5 and DR4 proteins were analyzed using western blot.. The concentrations required for a 50% decrease in cell growth (IC(50)) ranged from 1.8 to 3.2 μM. Casticin induced rapid apoptosis and triggered a series of effects associated with apoptosis by way of mitochondrial pathway, including the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, activation of procaspase-9 and -3, and increase of DNA fragments. Moreover, the pan caspase inhibitor zVAD-FMK and the caspase-3 inhibitor zDEVD-FMK suppressed casticin-induced apoptosis. In addition, casticin induced XIAP and Bcl-XL down-regulation, Bax upregulation and Bid clearage. In H157 cell line, casticin increased expression of DR5 at protein levels but not affect the expression of DR4. The pretreatment with DR5/Fc chimera protein effectively attenuated casticin-induced apoptosis in H157 cells. No correlation was found between cell sensitivity to casticin and that to p53 status, suggesting that casticin induce a p53-independent apoptosis.. Our results demonstrate that casticin induces caspase-mediated apoptosis via activation of mitochondrial pathway and upregulation of DR5 in human lung cancer cells.

Topics: Apoptosis; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Caspases; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Cytochromes c; Flavonoids; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mitochondria; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; Signal Transduction; Up-Regulation

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the chloroform-soluble extract of the leaves of Vitex negundo led to the isolation of the known flavone vitexicarpin (1), which exhibited broad cytotoxicity in a human cancer cell line panel. In an attempt to increase the cytotoxic potency of 1, a series of acylation reactions was performed on this compound to obtain its methylated (2), acetylated (3), and six new acylated (4-9) derivatives. Compound 9, the previously unreported 5,3'-dihexanoyloxy-3,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone, showed comparative cytotoxic potency to compound 1 and was selected for further evaluation. However, this compound was found to be inactive when evaluated in the in vivo hollow fiber assay with Lu1, KB, and LNCaP cells at the highest dose (40 mg/kg/body weight) tested, and in the in vivo P-388 leukemia model (135 mg/kg), using the ip administration route.

Topics: Acylation; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Colonic Neoplasms; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Flavonoids; Humans; Indonesia; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Leukemia P388; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Methylation; Mice; Molecular Structure; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Prostatic Neoplasms; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Vitex

A new labdane-type diterpene, vitexifolin A (1), a new clerodane-type diterpene, vitexifolin B (2), a new abeoabietane-type diterpene, vitexifolin C (3), and two new norlabdane-type diterpenes, vitexifolin D (4) and vitexifolin E (5), were isolated from the fruits of Vitex rotundifolia, along with a known halimane-type diterpene, vitetrifolin D (6), two known norlabdane-type diterpenes, trisnor-gamma-lactone (7) and iso-ambreinolide (8), and three known flavonoids, casticin (9), artemetin (10), and 5,3'-dihydroxy-6,7,4'-trimethoxyflavanone (11). Their chemical structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data. Casticin (9) exhibited considerable growth inhibitory activity against human lung cancer cells (PC-12) and human colon cancer cells (HCT116) using the MTT assay.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cisplatin; Colonic Neoplasms; Diterpenes; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Fruit; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Structure; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; PC12 Cells; Plants, Medicinal; Rats; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Verbenaceae