carvedilol and Chronic Disease studies

Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"This paper aims to investigate the curative effect of carvedilol combined with conventional therapy in treatment of chronic heart failure."	9.30	The curative effect of carvedilol combined with conventional therapy in treatment of chronic heart failure. ( Li, X; Qu, W; Yu, Z, 2019)
"Our data suggested that anemia was associated with a blunted response to carvedilol in HFrEF patients."	9.27	Anemia Is Associated With Blunted Response to β-Blocker Therapy Using Carvedilol　- Insights From Japanese Chronic Heart Failure (J-CHF) Study. ( Hori, M; Kitabatake, A; Nagatomo, Y; Okamoto, H; Yoshikawa, T, 2018)
"Carvedilol attenuated the development and promoted a partial reversal of cachexia in patients with severe chronic heart failure, supporting a role for prolonged sympathetic activation in the genesis of weight loss."	9.24	Effect of beta-adrenergic blockade with carvedilol on cachexia in severe chronic heart failure: results from the COPERNICUS trial. ( Anker, SD; Clark, AL; Coats, AJS; Katus, HA; Krum, H; Mohacsi, P; Packer, M; Salekin, D; Schultz, MK, 2017)
" We attempted to determine the significance of β1-AAb in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients who received carvedilol in a substudy of the Japanese Chronic Heart Failure study."	9.20	Presence of autoantibody directed against β1-adrenergic receptors is associated with amelioration of cardiac function in response to carvedilol: Japanese Chronic Heart Failure (J-CHF) Study. ( Hori, M; Kitabatake, A; Nagatomo, Y; Okamoto, H; Yoshikawa, T, 2015)
"To observe the changes of serum heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (h-FABP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in children with chronic heart failure (CHF) and evaluate the effects of carvedilol."	9.20	Effect of Carvedilol on Serum Heart-type Fatty Acid-binding Protein, Brain Natriuretic Peptide, and Cardiac Function in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. ( Li, DH; Ma, SC; Qiao, LY; Shan, RB; Sun, YP; Wei, CP; Zhang, YF, 2015)
"Bisoprolol fumarate (bisoprolol) is a β-blocker widely used to treat chronic heart failure (CHF)."	9.19	Efficacy and safety of bisoprolol fumarate compared with carvedilol in Japanese patients with chronic heart failure: results of the randomized, controlled, double-blind, Multistep Administration of bisoprolol IN Chronic Heart Failure II (MAIN-CHF II) stud ( Hori, M; Izumi, T; Matsuzaki, M; Nagai, R, 2014)
"Ivabradine (IVA), a selective If current inhibitor decreasing the heart rate (HR) in patients with sinus rhythm, has been added to the most recent European Guidelines on heart failure."	9.17	Ivabradine improves quality of life in subjects with chronic heart failure compared to treatment with β-blockers: results of a multicentric observational APULIA study. ( Benvenuto, A; Buta, F; De Viti, D; Masciocco, L; Massari, F; Meliota, G; Riccioni, G; Saracino, P; Speziale, G, 2013)
"This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of carvedilol for pediatric patients with chronic heart failure caused by dilated cardiomyopathy."	9.17	The effect of carvedilol treatment on chronic heart failure in pediatric patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a prospective, randomized-controlled study. ( Chen, S; Huang, M; Liu, F; Sun, J; Sun, Y; Xiao, Y; Zhang, X, 2013)
"The aim of the present study was to assess the safety and tolerability of the controlled-release (CR) formulation of the β-blocker carvedilol in Japanese patients with chronic heart failure (HF)."	9.16	Safety and tolerability of once-daily controlled-release carvedilol 10-80 mg in Japanese patients with chronic heart failure. ( Ando, H; Kitakaze, M; Nakajima, H; Sakamoto, T; Sarai, N, 2012)
"Carvedilol and bisoprolol reduce QT dispersion (QTD) in chronic heart failure (CHF)."	9.14	The comparative effects of long-term carvedilol versus bisoprolol therapy on QT dispersion in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Aygul, MU; Aygul, N; Duzenli, MA; Ozdemir, K, 2009)
"Background Carvedilol may reduce the severity of central sleep apnea (CSA) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF)."	9.14	Carvedilol reduces the severity of central sleep apnea in chronic heart failure. ( Kadota, J; Kawano, Y; Tamura, A, 2009)
"We investigated the clinical response of chronic heart failure patients with beta(2)-adrenergic receptor Gln(27)-->Glu polymorphism treated for 6 months with carvedilol, a alpha/beta-antagonist with antioxidant properties."	9.14	Gln(27)-->Glubeta(2)-adrenergic receptor polymorphism in heart failure patients: differential clinical and oxidative response to carvedilol. ( Bravo, R; Castro, PF; Chiong, M; del Campo, A; Díaz-Araya, G; Greig, D; Lavandero, S; Mellado, R; Moraga, F; Rodriguez, A; Roldán, J; Sanhueza, C; Troncoso, R; Valenzuela, R; Vukasovic, JL, 2009)
"Carvedilol is a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist used for treating chronic heart failure (CHF)."	9.14	Population pharmacokinetics of R- and S-carvedilol in Japanese patients with chronic heart failure. ( Hanada, K; Kaneko, M; Kawana, J; Mihara, K; Nagayama, M; Ogata, H; Ohno, T; Saito, M; Shiomi, M; Sumiyoshi, T, 2010)
"Body weight increased significantly in the carvedilol group (mean change + 2."	9.13	Effect of selective and non-selective beta-blockers on body weight, insulin resistance and leptin concentration in chronic heart failure. ( Gobec, L; Kovacić, D; Lainscak, M; Marinsek, M; Podbregar, M, 2008)
"In patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy, optimization of treatment with enalapril and spironolactone and subsequent addition of carvedilol were safe and associated with benefits in cardiac function and clinical status."	9.12	A randomized trial of carvedilol after renin-angiotensin system inhibition in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. ( Botoni, FA; Dantas, JB; Ferreira, CS; Okonko, DO; Oliveira, BM; Pinto, AS; Poole-Wilson, PA; Reis, AM; Ribeiro, AL; Rocha, MO; Tavares, WC; Teixeira, AL; Teixeira, MM, 2007)
"To compare the effects of carvedilol and bisoprolol on lung function in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF)."	9.12	Lung function with carvedilol and bisoprolol in chronic heart failure: is beta selectivity relevant? ( Agostoni, P; Apostolo, A; Bussotti, M; Cattadori, G; Contini, M; Fiorentini, C; Palermo, P; Sciomer, S, 2007)
"We sought to evaluate the influence of pretreatment systolic blood pressure (SBP) on the efficacy and safety of carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF)."	9.11	Influence of pretreatment systolic blood pressure on the effect of carvedilol in patients with severe chronic heart failure: the Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival (COPERNICUS) study. ( Castaigne, A; Coats, AJ; Fowler, MB; Holcslaw, TL; Katus, HA; Krum, H; Mohacsi, P; Packer, M; Roecker, EB; Rouleau, JL; Scherhag, A; Tendera, M, 2004)
"In a parallel-group, 3-arm study of 18 months duration, 572 mild heart failure patients were randomly assigned to carvedilol (N = 191), enalapril (N = 190) or their combination (N = 191)."	9.11	The benefits of early combination treatment of carvedilol and an ACE-inhibitor in mild heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The carvedilol and ACE-inhibitor remodelling mild heart failure evaluation trial (CARMEN). ( Bobbio, M; Hildebrandt, P; Jaarsma, W; Komajda, M; Lutiger, B; Remme, WJ; Riegger, G; Rydén, L; Scherhag, A; Soler-Soler, J, 2004)
"To assess the effects of carvedilol treatment on the renin-angiotensin system in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF)."	9.11	Beneficial effects of carvedilol on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and renin plasma levels in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Beauvais, F; Berdeaux, A; Cohen Solal, A; Jondeau, G, 2004)
"Radionuclide isotopic ventriculography with phase analysis was performed in 30 patients with stable heart failure (HF), determining left ventricular (LV) and interventricular contraction synchrony at baseline and after 6 months of treatment with maximal tolerated doses of carvedilol."	9.11	Effects of carvedilol upon intra- and interventricular synchrony in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Alcaino, H; Bittner, A; Castro, PF; Chiong, M; Copaja, M; Corbalan, R; Díaz-Araya, G; Greig, D; Lavandero, S; Mc-Nab, P; Quintana, JC; Troncoso, R; Vergara, I; Vukasovic, JL, 2005)
"Carvedilol is a beta-blocking agent with antioxidant properties that has been shown to improve survival in chronic heart failure (CHF)."	9.11	Effects of carvedilol on myocardial sympathetic innervation in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Abergel, E; Berdeaux, A; Cohen-Solal, A; Le Guludec, D; Merlet, P; Rouzet, F; Syrota, A, 2005)
"We compared the hemodynamic effects of dobutamine and enoximone administration before and after long-term beta-blocker therapy with metoprolol or carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure (HF)."	9.10	Beta-blocker therapy influences the hemodynamic response to inotropic agents in patients with heart failure: a randomized comparison of dobutamine and enoximone before and after chronic treatment with metoprolol or carvedilol. ( Bristow, MR; D'Aloia, A; Dei Cas, L; Metra, M; Muneretto, C; Nodari, S; Robertson, AD, 2002)
"We randomly assigned 2289 patients with symptoms of heart failure at rest or on minimal exertion and with an ejection fraction <25% (but not volume-overloaded) to double-blind treatment with either placebo (n=1133) or carvedilol (n=1156) for an average of 10."	9.10	Effect of carvedilol on the morbidity of patients with severe chronic heart failure: results of the carvedilol prospective randomized cumulative survival (COPERNICUS) study. ( Amann-Zalan, I; Coats, AJ; DeMets, DL; Fowler, MB; Holcslaw, TL; Katus, HA; Krum, H; Mohacsi, P; Packer, M; Roecker, EB; Rouleau, JL; Staiger, C; Tendera, M, 2002)
" We hypothesized that the nonselective beta-antagonist carvedilol, through its alpha1-adrenergic blocking properties, may modulate vascular reactivity to Ang II in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF)."	9.10	Vasopressor response to angiotensin II infusion in patients with chronic heart failure receiving beta-blockers. ( Jorde, UP; Katz, SD; Lang, CC; Mancini, DM; Packer, M; Vittorio, TJ, 2003)
"Patients with congestive heart failure on a non-selective beta adrenoreceptor blocker or beta1 selective blocker responded differently to the inotropic drug dobutamine: the beta1 blockade caused by metoprolol could be counteracted by dobutamine, whereas with carvedilol a low dose of dobutamine increased cardiac output, and a higher dose of dobutamine caused a pressor effect."	9.10	Different responses to dobutamine in the presence of carvedilol or metoprolol in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Andersson, B; Bollano, E; Hjalmarson, A; Täng, MS; Waagstein, F, 2003)
"Acute administration of carvedilol attenuates the vasoconstriction response to adrenergic stimuli when compared with placebo and metoprolol in normal subjects, whereas chronic administration of carvedilol does not attenuate the vasoconstrictor response to adrenergic stimuli when compared with metoprolol in heart failure subjects."	9.10	Comparative effects of carvedilol and metoprolol on regional vascular responses to adrenergic stimuli in normal subjects and patients with chronic heart failure. ( Androne, AS; Hryniewicz, K; Hudaihed, A; Katz, SD, 2003)
"To verify and compare the effects respectively exercised in chronic heart failure patients by transdermal, slow release scopolamine patch and by the beta and alfa adrenoreceptor blocker carvedilol upon the main indexes derived from maximal cardiopulmonary stress test, as well as from analysis of heart rate variability."	9.09	Different impact of carvedilol and transdermal scopolamine on cardiovascular performance of mild-moderate chronic heart failure patients: evidence of useful effects of scopolamine on tolerance to work load. ( De Vecchis, R; Nocerino, L; Pucciarelli, G; Setaro, A, 2000)
"The previously reported benefits of carvedilol with regard to morbidity and mortality in patients with mild-to-moderate heart failure were also apparent in the patients with severe heart failure who were evaluated in this trial."	9.09	Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. ( Castaigne, A; Coats, AJ; DeMets, DL; Fowler, MB; Katus, HA; Krum, H; Mohacsi, P; Packer, M; Roecker, EB; Rouleau, JL; Schultz, MK; Tendera, M, 2001)
"Although neurohormonal status has known prognostic significance in heart failure, the predictive power of either N-BNP or adrenomedullin in chronic ischemic LV dysfunction has not been previously reported."	9.09	Plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and adrenomedullin: prognostic utility and prediction of benefit from carvedilol in chronic ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Australia-New Zealand Heart Failure Group. ( Doughty, R; Espiner, EA; Frampton, C; MacMahon, S; Murphy, J; Nicholls, MG; Richards, AM; Sharpe, N; Yandle, TG, 2001)
"This study evaluated the independent and combined effects of captopril and carvedilol on left ventricular remodeling in chronic heart failure."	9.09	Regression of left ventricular remodeling in chronic heart failure: Comparative and combined effects of captopril and carvedilol. ( Khattar, RS; Lahiri, A; Senior, R; Soman, P; van der Does, R, 2001)
"This study investigates the effects of a change of beta-adrenergic blocking agent treatment from metoprolol to carvedilol and vice versa in patients with heart failure (HF)."	9.09	Prospective crossover comparison of carvedilol and metoprolol in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Böhm, M; Crivaro, M; Elter, T; LaRosee, K; Maack, C; Nickenig, G; Stäblein, A; Wuttke, H, 2001)
"The purpose of this study was to determine whether carvedilol's alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonism persists during long-term therapy of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF)."	9.09	Lack of evidence for peripheral alpha(1)- adrenoceptor blockade during long-term treatment of heart failure with carvedilol. ( Azevedo, ER; Floras, JS; Kubo, T; Newton, GE; Parker, JD, 2001)
"We enrolled 56 patients with severe chronic heart failure into a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the vasodilating beta-blocker carvedilol."	9.08	Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the long-term efficacy of carvedilol in patients with severe chronic heart failure. ( Goldsmith, RL; Horn, E; Katz, SD; Krum, H; Kukin, ML; Medina, N; Penn, J; Sackner-Bernstein, JD; Schwartz, B; Yushak, M, 1995)
"Carvedilol reduces the risk or death as well as the risk of hospitalization for cardiovascular causes in patients with heart failure who are receiving treatment with digoxin, diuretics, and an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor."	9.08	The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. ( Bristow, MR; Cohn, JN; Colucci, WS; Fowler, MB; Gilbert, EM; Packer, M; Shusterman, NH, 1996)
"This study was aimed at investigating in chronic heart failure (CHF) the effects that beta-blockade with carvedilol may have on lung function, and their relationship with left ventricular (LV) performance and peak exercise oxygen uptake (VO2p)."	9.08	[A failed improvement in pulmonary function and exercise capacity with carvedilol in congestive heart failure despite an excellent effect on left ventricular function]. ( Agostoni, P; Guazzi, M; Lomanto, M; Matturri, M; Pontone, G; Trevisi, N, 1998)
"This study was designed to evaluate the effect of carvedilol on nitrate tolerance in patients with chronic heart failure."	9.08	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of carvedilol on the prevention of nitrate tolerance in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Kakihana, M; Ohtsuka, S; Sugishita, Y; Watanabe, H, 1998)
"In 49 consecutive patients with chronic heart failure (HF), LVEF ≤35%, NYHA functional class II-IV, on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors but not on ß-blockers, LV contractile performance and remodeling were assessed by comprehensive echocardiography at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of treatment with carvedilol."	7.78	New insights into mechanisms of action of carvedilol treatment in chronic heart failure patients--a matter of time for contractility. ( Ather, S; Bolos, M; Bozkurt, B; Carabello, B; Chan, W; Deswal, A; Mann, DL, 2012)
"The aim of the present study was to determine whether carvedilol-treated chronic heart failure patients have a different prognosis when stratified for a specific combination of a gain-of-function genotype of the adrenergic β-1 receptor gene (ADRB1) (Arg389-homozygous), two gain-of-function genotypes of the angiotensinogen gene (AGT) (Thr174-homozygous and Thr235-homozygous), and a downregulated genotype of the adrenergic β-2 receptor gene (ADRB2) (Gln27-carrier)."	7.78	Effect of specific ADRB1/ADRB2/AGT genotype combinations on the association between survival and carvedilol treatment in chronic heart failure: a substudy of the ECHOS trial. ( Afzal, S; Andersen, JT; Broedbaek, K; Børglum, AD; Jimenez-Solem, E; Køber, L; Nyegaard, M; Petersen, M; Poulsen, HE; Stender, S; Torp-Pedersen, C, 2012)
"The effect of the dose of carvedilol on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSA) and mortality remain uncertain in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF)."	7.75	Dose-dependent prognostic effect of carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure--special reference to transcardiac [corrected] gradient of norepinephrine. ( Fujii, M; Horie, M; Kawahara, C; Nishiyama, K; Tsutamoto, T; Yamaji, M; Yamamoto, T, 2009)
" Objectives of the present study were to evaluate the feasibility, tolerability and safety of carvedilol therapy in a cohort of patients > 70 years of age with CHF and left ventricular ejection fraction < 40% with chronic atrial fibrillation."	7.73	Does atrial fibrillation in very elderly patients with chronic systolic heart failure limit the use of carvedilol? ( Cioffi, G; De Feo, S; Del Sindaco, D; Opasich, C; Pulignano, G; Stefenelli, C; Tarantini, L, 2006)
"Beta-blockers have many different physiologic effects that could potentially influence the risk of hemorrhagic events in chronic heart failure patients (CHF) on warfarin."	7.73	Differential associations of beta-blockers with hemorrhagic events for chronic heart failure patients on warfarin. ( Berlowitz, DR; Cunningham, F; Gomez-Caminero, A; Miller, DR; Oliveria, SA; Rothendler, JA, 2006)
"Our previous study showed that static handgrip caused increases in the plasma adrenomedullin (ADM) both in patients with heart failure (HF) and healthy subjects."	7.73	Effect of adrenergic blockade on plasma adrenomedullin concentration during static handgrip in patients with heart failure. ( Cybulski, G; Krzemiński, K; Mikulski, T; Nazar, K, 2006)
"To assess the efficacy and tolerability of carvedilol administration in patients with heart failure and concomitant diabetes."	7.72	Efficacy and tolerability of the long-term administration of carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure with and without concomitant diabetes mellitus. ( Dei Cas, A; Dei Cas, L; Metra, M; Nodari, S, 2003)
"The long-term beta-blockade strategy with carvedilol, metoprolol succinate or bisoprolol is now strongly recommended to reduce the rates of mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF)."	7.72	Long-term oral carvedilol in chronic heart failure. ( Di Lenarda, A; Moretti, M; Sabbadini, G; Sinagra, G, 2004)
"Carvedilol reduces disease progression in heart failure, but to our knowledge, its effects on hospitalizations and costs have not been evaluated."	7.71	Influence of carvedilol on hospitalizations in heart failure: incidence, resource utilization and costs. U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. ( Bristow, MR; Cohn, JN; Colucci, WS; Fowler, MB; Gilbert, EM; Lacey, MJ; Lukas, MA; Oster, G; Packer, M; Richner, R; Vera-Llonch, M; Young, ST, 2001)
"To evaluate prospectively the impact of carvedilol on a short-term physical training program in stable patients with moderate chronic heart failure (CHF), and to analyze parameters predictive of improvement after training."	7.71	Influence of carvedilol on the benefits of physical training in patients with moderate chronic heart failure. ( Bertrand, P; Charbonnier, B; Forissier, JF; Monpère, C; Vernochet, P, 2001)
"We retrospectively performed stepwise logistic regression analysis on 1,509 patients with chronic heart failure in 4 multicenter United States studies and 1 Australia-New Zealand study to examine the effect of digoxin in patients randomized to carvedilol or placebo."	7.70	Effect of concomitant digoxin and carvedilol therapy on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Eichhorn, EJ; Lukas, MA; Shusterman, N; Wu, B, 2000)
"To determine the effect of beta blockade on parasympathetic nervous system activity, we assessed RR variability during 24-hour Holter monitoring in 10 patients with congestive heart failure before and after 3 to 4 months of treatment with the beta blocker carvedilol."	7.69	Long-term carvedilol therapy increases parasympathetic nervous system activity in chronic congestive heart failure. ( Bigger, JT; Bloomfield, DM; Goldsmith, RL; Krum, H; Packer, M; Sackner-Bernstein, J; Steinman, RC, 1997)
"During the mean 3-year follow-up, resting heart rate (HR) and BNP were significantly reduced with dose-response relations in the early period but without dose-response relations in the late period."	6.78	Minimal dose for effective clinical outcome and predictive factors for responsiveness to carvedilol: Japanese chronic heart failure (J-CHF) study. ( Azuma, J; Fujio, Y; Hori, M; Izumi, T; Kitabatake, A; Matsuzaki, M; Nagai, R; Nonen, S; Ohashi, Y; Okamoto, H; Tsutsui, H; Yamazaki, T; Yoshikawa, T, 2013)
"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently coexists in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and is a key factor for beta blocker underprescription and underdosing."	6.76	Differences between bisoprolol and carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial. ( Kovacic, D; Lainscak, M; Podbregar, M; Rozman, J; von Haehling, S, 2011)
" Accordingly, the authors have investigated dosing equivalency by examining baseline and peak exercise heart rates and norepinephrine levels in subjects with chronic heart failure treated with carvedilol or metoprolol."	6.73	Differential effects of carvedilol and metoprolol succinate on plasma norepinephrine release and peak exercise heart rate in subjects with chronic heart failure. ( Ahuja, K; Hirsh, DS; Jorde, UP; Kasper, ME; Khandwalla, RM; Tseng, CH; Vittorio, TJ; Zolty, R, 2008)
"Carvedilol was well tolerated both during dose titration and during maintenance therapy."	6.70	[Long term use of a non-selective beta-blocker with vasodilating properties carvedilol in patients with severe heart failure]. ( Gruzdev, AK; Iosava, IK; Sidorenko, BA; Vasechkin, SS; Zaikin, SY, 2002)
"2%) and 4 others who were subsequently unable to withstand the progressive stepping up of drug dosage (8."	6.69	[Tolerance and efficacy of carvedilol prescription in patients with mild to moderated chronic heart failure]. ( Barnay, P; Gelisse, R; Levy, S; Maixent, JM; Paganelli, F; Saadjian, A; Sbragia, P, 2000)
" Based on this evidence, it is now recommended to add beta-blockers such as metoprolol CR/XL with an escalating dosage regimen to the treatment of patients with symptomatic heart failure who already are receiving a stable medical regimen including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, vasodilators, or digitalis."	6.43	The use of metoprolol CR/XL in the treatment of patients with diabetes and chronic heart failure. ( De Freitas, O; Fornoni, A; Lenz, O; Materson, BJ, 2006)
"Carvedilol was generally well tolerated in patients with CHF."	6.42	Carvedilol: a review of its use in chronic heart failure. ( Jarvis, B; Keating, GM, 2003)
"We performed a post hoc analysis of pooled individual patient data (n=4217) from 2 multinational, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized trials, CAPRICORN (Carvedilol Postinfarct Survival Control in Left Ventricular Dysfunction Study) and COPERNICUS (Carvedilol Prospective Randomized, Cumulative Survival study)."	6.25	Efficacy and safety of carvedilol in treatment of heart failure with chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. ( Beck, GJ; Berl, T; Chartyan, DM; Cheung, AK; Chonchol, M; Cooper, C; Henrich, WL; Himmelfarb, J; Iyengar, M; Lukas, MA; Wali, RK; Weir, MR, 2011)
"We conclude that the amplitude of benefit of the beta-blockers carvedilol, metoprolol and bisoprolol on mortality and morbidity is similar, regardless of the severity of chronic heart failure."	6.20	Beta-blocker benefit according to severity of heart failure. ( Bouzamondo, A; Hulot, JS; Lechat, P; Sanchez, P, 2003)
" For such a drug, the pathophysiological changes occurring in CHF can have a profound impact on PK, and thus the resulting pharmacodynamic response, of both enantiomers."	5.43	Predicting Stereoselective Disposition of Carvedilol in Adult and Pediatric Chronic Heart Failure Patients by Incorporating Pathophysiological Changes in Organ Blood Flows-A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Approach. ( Khalil, F; Läer, S; Rasool, MF, 2016)
"This paper aims to investigate the curative effect of carvedilol combined with conventional therapy in treatment of chronic heart failure."	5.30	The curative effect of carvedilol combined with conventional therapy in treatment of chronic heart failure. ( Li, X; Qu, W; Yu, Z, 2019)
"Our data suggested that anemia was associated with a blunted response to carvedilol in HFrEF patients."	5.27	Anemia Is Associated With Blunted Response to β-Blocker Therapy Using Carvedilol　- Insights From Japanese Chronic Heart Failure (J-CHF) Study. ( Hori, M; Kitabatake, A; Nagatomo, Y; Okamoto, H; Yoshikawa, T, 2018)
"Carvedilol attenuated the development and promoted a partial reversal of cachexia in patients with severe chronic heart failure, supporting a role for prolonged sympathetic activation in the genesis of weight loss."	5.24	Effect of beta-adrenergic blockade with carvedilol on cachexia in severe chronic heart failure: results from the COPERNICUS trial. ( Anker, SD; Clark, AL; Coats, AJS; Katus, HA; Krum, H; Mohacsi, P; Packer, M; Salekin, D; Schultz, MK, 2017)
" We attempted to determine the significance of β1-AAb in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients who received carvedilol in a substudy of the Japanese Chronic Heart Failure study."	5.20	Presence of autoantibody directed against β1-adrenergic receptors is associated with amelioration of cardiac function in response to carvedilol: Japanese Chronic Heart Failure (J-CHF) Study. ( Hori, M; Kitabatake, A; Nagatomo, Y; Okamoto, H; Yoshikawa, T, 2015)
"To observe the changes of serum heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (h-FABP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in children with chronic heart failure (CHF) and evaluate the effects of carvedilol."	5.20	Effect of Carvedilol on Serum Heart-type Fatty Acid-binding Protein, Brain Natriuretic Peptide, and Cardiac Function in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. ( Li, DH; Ma, SC; Qiao, LY; Shan, RB; Sun, YP; Wei, CP; Zhang, YF, 2015)
"Bisoprolol fumarate (bisoprolol) is a β-blocker widely used to treat chronic heart failure (CHF)."	5.19	Efficacy and safety of bisoprolol fumarate compared with carvedilol in Japanese patients with chronic heart failure: results of the randomized, controlled, double-blind, Multistep Administration of bisoprolol IN Chronic Heart Failure II (MAIN-CHF II) stud ( Hori, M; Izumi, T; Matsuzaki, M; Nagai, R, 2014)
"Ivabradine (IVA), a selective If current inhibitor decreasing the heart rate (HR) in patients with sinus rhythm, has been added to the most recent European Guidelines on heart failure."	5.17	Ivabradine improves quality of life in subjects with chronic heart failure compared to treatment with β-blockers: results of a multicentric observational APULIA study. ( Benvenuto, A; Buta, F; De Viti, D; Masciocco, L; Massari, F; Meliota, G; Riccioni, G; Saracino, P; Speziale, G, 2013)
"This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of carvedilol for pediatric patients with chronic heart failure caused by dilated cardiomyopathy."	5.17	The effect of carvedilol treatment on chronic heart failure in pediatric patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a prospective, randomized-controlled study. ( Chen, S; Huang, M; Liu, F; Sun, J; Sun, Y; Xiao, Y; Zhang, X, 2013)
"The aim of the present study was to assess the safety and tolerability of the controlled-release (CR) formulation of the β-blocker carvedilol in Japanese patients with chronic heart failure (HF)."	5.16	Safety and tolerability of once-daily controlled-release carvedilol 10-80 mg in Japanese patients with chronic heart failure. ( Ando, H; Kitakaze, M; Nakajima, H; Sakamoto, T; Sarai, N, 2012)
"Carvedilol and bisoprolol reduce QT dispersion (QTD) in chronic heart failure (CHF)."	5.14	The comparative effects of long-term carvedilol versus bisoprolol therapy on QT dispersion in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Aygul, MU; Aygul, N; Duzenli, MA; Ozdemir, K, 2009)
"Background Carvedilol may reduce the severity of central sleep apnea (CSA) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF)."	5.14	Carvedilol reduces the severity of central sleep apnea in chronic heart failure. ( Kadota, J; Kawano, Y; Tamura, A, 2009)
"We investigated the clinical response of chronic heart failure patients with beta(2)-adrenergic receptor Gln(27)-->Glu polymorphism treated for 6 months with carvedilol, a alpha/beta-antagonist with antioxidant properties."	5.14	Gln(27)-->Glubeta(2)-adrenergic receptor polymorphism in heart failure patients: differential clinical and oxidative response to carvedilol. ( Bravo, R; Castro, PF; Chiong, M; del Campo, A; Díaz-Araya, G; Greig, D; Lavandero, S; Mellado, R; Moraga, F; Rodriguez, A; Roldán, J; Sanhueza, C; Troncoso, R; Valenzuela, R; Vukasovic, JL, 2009)
"Carvedilol is a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist used for treating chronic heart failure (CHF)."	5.14	Population pharmacokinetics of R- and S-carvedilol in Japanese patients with chronic heart failure. ( Hanada, K; Kaneko, M; Kawana, J; Mihara, K; Nagayama, M; Ogata, H; Ohno, T; Saito, M; Shiomi, M; Sumiyoshi, T, 2010)
"Body weight increased significantly in the carvedilol group (mean change + 2."	5.13	Effect of selective and non-selective beta-blockers on body weight, insulin resistance and leptin concentration in chronic heart failure. ( Gobec, L; Kovacić, D; Lainscak, M; Marinsek, M; Podbregar, M, 2008)
"In patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy, optimization of treatment with enalapril and spironolactone and subsequent addition of carvedilol were safe and associated with benefits in cardiac function and clinical status."	5.12	A randomized trial of carvedilol after renin-angiotensin system inhibition in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. ( Botoni, FA; Dantas, JB; Ferreira, CS; Okonko, DO; Oliveira, BM; Pinto, AS; Poole-Wilson, PA; Reis, AM; Ribeiro, AL; Rocha, MO; Tavares, WC; Teixeira, AL; Teixeira, MM, 2007)
"To compare the effects of carvedilol and bisoprolol on lung function in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF)."	5.12	Lung function with carvedilol and bisoprolol in chronic heart failure: is beta selectivity relevant? ( Agostoni, P; Apostolo, A; Bussotti, M; Cattadori, G; Contini, M; Fiorentini, C; Palermo, P; Sciomer, S, 2007)
"The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of metoprolol succinate and carvedilol on the physical ability (FA) of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) of different etiologies."	5.12	[The effects of beta-adrenoblocker therapy on the physical working capacity of patients with chronic heart failure of various origin]. ( Andreev, DA; Kalashnikov, VIu; Poltavskaia, MG; Sarkisova, EA; Svet, AV; Syrkin, AL, 2007)
"We sought to evaluate the influence of pretreatment systolic blood pressure (SBP) on the efficacy and safety of carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF)."	5.11	Influence of pretreatment systolic blood pressure on the effect of carvedilol in patients with severe chronic heart failure: the Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival (COPERNICUS) study. ( Castaigne, A; Coats, AJ; Fowler, MB; Holcslaw, TL; Katus, HA; Krum, H; Mohacsi, P; Packer, M; Roecker, EB; Rouleau, JL; Scherhag, A; Tendera, M, 2004)
"In a parallel-group, 3-arm study of 18 months duration, 572 mild heart failure patients were randomly assigned to carvedilol (N = 191), enalapril (N = 190) or their combination (N = 191)."	5.11	The benefits of early combination treatment of carvedilol and an ACE-inhibitor in mild heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The carvedilol and ACE-inhibitor remodelling mild heart failure evaluation trial (CARMEN). ( Bobbio, M; Hildebrandt, P; Jaarsma, W; Komajda, M; Lutiger, B; Remme, WJ; Riegger, G; Rydén, L; Scherhag, A; Soler-Soler, J, 2004)
"To assess the effects of carvedilol treatment on the renin-angiotensin system in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF)."	5.11	Beneficial effects of carvedilol on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and renin plasma levels in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Beauvais, F; Berdeaux, A; Cohen Solal, A; Jondeau, G, 2004)
"Radionuclide isotopic ventriculography with phase analysis was performed in 30 patients with stable heart failure (HF), determining left ventricular (LV) and interventricular contraction synchrony at baseline and after 6 months of treatment with maximal tolerated doses of carvedilol."	5.11	Effects of carvedilol upon intra- and interventricular synchrony in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Alcaino, H; Bittner, A; Castro, PF; Chiong, M; Copaja, M; Corbalan, R; Díaz-Araya, G; Greig, D; Lavandero, S; Mc-Nab, P; Quintana, JC; Troncoso, R; Vergara, I; Vukasovic, JL, 2005)
"Carvedilol is a beta-blocking agent with antioxidant properties that has been shown to improve survival in chronic heart failure (CHF)."	5.11	Effects of carvedilol on myocardial sympathetic innervation in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Abergel, E; Berdeaux, A; Cohen-Solal, A; Le Guludec, D; Merlet, P; Rouzet, F; Syrota, A, 2005)
"Patients with chronic heart failure were randomized to treatment (double blind) with metoprolol 50 mg twice daily or carvedilol 25 mg twice daily in addition to standard therapy."	5.10	Is beta-blockade useful in heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation? An analysis of data from two previously completed prospective trials. ( Chan, SK; Fung, JW; Sanderson, JE; Yeung, LY, 2002)
"We compared the hemodynamic effects of dobutamine and enoximone administration before and after long-term beta-blocker therapy with metoprolol or carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure (HF)."	5.10	Beta-blocker therapy influences the hemodynamic response to inotropic agents in patients with heart failure: a randomized comparison of dobutamine and enoximone before and after chronic treatment with metoprolol or carvedilol. ( Bristow, MR; D'Aloia, A; Dei Cas, L; Metra, M; Muneretto, C; Nodari, S; Robertson, AD, 2002)
"We randomly assigned 2289 patients with symptoms of heart failure at rest or on minimal exertion and with an ejection fraction <25% (but not volume-overloaded) to double-blind treatment with either placebo (n=1133) or carvedilol (n=1156) for an average of 10."	5.10	Effect of carvedilol on the morbidity of patients with severe chronic heart failure: results of the carvedilol prospective randomized cumulative survival (COPERNICUS) study. ( Amann-Zalan, I; Coats, AJ; DeMets, DL; Fowler, MB; Holcslaw, TL; Katus, HA; Krum, H; Mohacsi, P; Packer, M; Roecker, EB; Rouleau, JL; Staiger, C; Tendera, M, 2002)
"We performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of carvedilol effects in children with severe, chronic heart failure (HF), despite the use of conventional therapy."	5.10	Delisting of infants and children from the heart transplantation waiting list after carvedilol treatment. ( Alcides Bocchi, E; Azeka, E; Franchini Ramires, JA; Valler, C, 2002)
" We hypothesized that the nonselective beta-antagonist carvedilol, through its alpha1-adrenergic blocking properties, may modulate vascular reactivity to Ang II in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF)."	5.10	Vasopressor response to angiotensin II infusion in patients with chronic heart failure receiving beta-blockers. ( Jorde, UP; Katz, SD; Lang, CC; Mancini, DM; Packer, M; Vittorio, TJ, 2003)
"Patients with congestive heart failure on a non-selective beta adrenoreceptor blocker or beta1 selective blocker responded differently to the inotropic drug dobutamine: the beta1 blockade caused by metoprolol could be counteracted by dobutamine, whereas with carvedilol a low dose of dobutamine increased cardiac output, and a higher dose of dobutamine caused a pressor effect."	5.10	Different responses to dobutamine in the presence of carvedilol or metoprolol in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Andersson, B; Bollano, E; Hjalmarson, A; Täng, MS; Waagstein, F, 2003)
"Acute administration of carvedilol attenuates the vasoconstriction response to adrenergic stimuli when compared with placebo and metoprolol in normal subjects, whereas chronic administration of carvedilol does not attenuate the vasoconstrictor response to adrenergic stimuli when compared with metoprolol in heart failure subjects."	5.10	Comparative effects of carvedilol and metoprolol on regional vascular responses to adrenergic stimuli in normal subjects and patients with chronic heart failure. ( Androne, AS; Hryniewicz, K; Hudaihed, A; Katz, SD, 2003)
"To verify and compare the effects respectively exercised in chronic heart failure patients by transdermal, slow release scopolamine patch and by the beta and alfa adrenoreceptor blocker carvedilol upon the main indexes derived from maximal cardiopulmonary stress test, as well as from analysis of heart rate variability."	5.09	Different impact of carvedilol and transdermal scopolamine on cardiovascular performance of mild-moderate chronic heart failure patients: evidence of useful effects of scopolamine on tolerance to work load. ( De Vecchis, R; Nocerino, L; Pucciarelli, G; Setaro, A, 2000)
"The previously reported benefits of carvedilol with regard to morbidity and mortality in patients with mild-to-moderate heart failure were also apparent in the patients with severe heart failure who were evaluated in this trial."	5.09	Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. ( Castaigne, A; Coats, AJ; DeMets, DL; Fowler, MB; Katus, HA; Krum, H; Mohacsi, P; Packer, M; Roecker, EB; Rouleau, JL; Schultz, MK; Tendera, M, 2001)
"Although neurohormonal status has known prognostic significance in heart failure, the predictive power of either N-BNP or adrenomedullin in chronic ischemic LV dysfunction has not been previously reported."	5.09	Plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and adrenomedullin: prognostic utility and prediction of benefit from carvedilol in chronic ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Australia-New Zealand Heart Failure Group. ( Doughty, R; Espiner, EA; Frampton, C; MacMahon, S; Murphy, J; Nicholls, MG; Richards, AM; Sharpe, N; Yandle, TG, 2001)
"This study evaluated the independent and combined effects of captopril and carvedilol on left ventricular remodeling in chronic heart failure."	5.09	Regression of left ventricular remodeling in chronic heart failure: Comparative and combined effects of captopril and carvedilol. ( Khattar, RS; Lahiri, A; Senior, R; Soman, P; van der Does, R, 2001)
"This study investigates the effects of a change of beta-adrenergic blocking agent treatment from metoprolol to carvedilol and vice versa in patients with heart failure (HF)."	5.09	Prospective crossover comparison of carvedilol and metoprolol in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Böhm, M; Crivaro, M; Elter, T; LaRosee, K; Maack, C; Nickenig, G; Stäblein, A; Wuttke, H, 2001)
"Thirty-six patients with chronic heart failure were randomized to the nonselective beta-blocker carvedilol or the selective beta-blocker metoprolol (double-blind)."	5.09	Nonselective versus selective beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in congestive heart failure: differential effects on sympathetic activity. ( Al-Hesayen, A; Allan, R; Azevedo, ER; Floras, JS; Kelly, S; Kubo, T; Mak, S; Newton, GE; Parker, JD; Schofield, A, 2001)
"The purpose of this study was to determine whether carvedilol's alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonism persists during long-term therapy of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF)."	5.09	Lack of evidence for peripheral alpha(1)- adrenoceptor blockade during long-term treatment of heart failure with carvedilol. ( Azevedo, ER; Floras, JS; Kubo, T; Newton, GE; Parker, JD, 2001)
"We enrolled 56 patients with severe chronic heart failure into a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the vasodilating beta-blocker carvedilol."	5.08	Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the long-term efficacy of carvedilol in patients with severe chronic heart failure. ( Goldsmith, RL; Horn, E; Katz, SD; Krum, H; Kukin, ML; Medina, N; Penn, J; Sackner-Bernstein, JD; Schwartz, B; Yushak, M, 1995)
"Carvedilol reduces the risk or death as well as the risk of hospitalization for cardiovascular causes in patients with heart failure who are receiving treatment with digoxin, diuretics, and an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor."	5.08	The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. ( Bristow, MR; Cohn, JN; Colucci, WS; Fowler, MB; Gilbert, EM; Packer, M; Shusterman, NH, 1996)
"This study was aimed at investigating in chronic heart failure (CHF) the effects that beta-blockade with carvedilol may have on lung function, and their relationship with left ventricular (LV) performance and peak exercise oxygen uptake (VO2p)."	5.08	[A failed improvement in pulmonary function and exercise capacity with carvedilol in congestive heart failure despite an excellent effect on left ventricular function]. ( Agostoni, P; Guazzi, M; Lomanto, M; Matturri, M; Pontone, G; Trevisi, N, 1998)
"This study was designed to evaluate the effect of carvedilol on nitrate tolerance in patients with chronic heart failure."	5.08	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of carvedilol on the prevention of nitrate tolerance in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Kakihana, M; Ohtsuka, S; Sugishita, Y; Watanabe, H, 1998)
"Clinical efficacy and adverse effects of the β-blocking agents, carvedilol, bisoprolol, and metoprolol were analyzed theoretically, and then compared quantitatively, for the purpose of determining their proper use for chronic heart failure."	3.85	Analysis of Clinical Efficacy and Adverse Effects of β-Blocking Agents Used Clinically for Chronic Heart Failure. ( Fujito, K; Kimura, K; Takayanagi, R; Yamada, Y, 2017)
" Demographic, physical examination and diagnostic imaging findings, blood pressure (BP), administration details and outcome were obtained from medical records of dogs receiving carvedilol for preclinical CVD."	3.78	Retrospective review of carvedilol administration in 38 dogs with preclinical chronic valvular heart disease. ( Boggess, MM; Gordon, SG; Hariu, CD; Miller, MW; Saunders, AB, 2012)
"In 49 consecutive patients with chronic heart failure (HF), LVEF ≤35%, NYHA functional class II-IV, on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors but not on ß-blockers, LV contractile performance and remodeling were assessed by comprehensive echocardiography at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of treatment with carvedilol."	3.78	New insights into mechanisms of action of carvedilol treatment in chronic heart failure patients--a matter of time for contractility. ( Ather, S; Bolos, M; Bozkurt, B; Carabello, B; Chan, W; Deswal, A; Mann, DL, 2012)
"The aim of the present study was to determine whether carvedilol-treated chronic heart failure patients have a different prognosis when stratified for a specific combination of a gain-of-function genotype of the adrenergic β-1 receptor gene (ADRB1) (Arg389-homozygous), two gain-of-function genotypes of the angiotensinogen gene (AGT) (Thr174-homozygous and Thr235-homozygous), and a downregulated genotype of the adrenergic β-2 receptor gene (ADRB2) (Gln27-carrier)."	3.78	Effect of specific ADRB1/ADRB2/AGT genotype combinations on the association between survival and carvedilol treatment in chronic heart failure: a substudy of the ECHOS trial. ( Afzal, S; Andersen, JT; Broedbaek, K; Børglum, AD; Jimenez-Solem, E; Køber, L; Nyegaard, M; Petersen, M; Poulsen, HE; Stender, S; Torp-Pedersen, C, 2012)
"The effect of the dose of carvedilol on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSA) and mortality remain uncertain in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF)."	3.75	Dose-dependent prognostic effect of carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure--special reference to transcardiac [corrected] gradient of norepinephrine. ( Fujii, M; Horie, M; Kawahara, C; Nishiyama, K; Tsutamoto, T; Yamaji, M; Yamamoto, T, 2009)
" Carvedilol is more effective than Metoprolol for improving the hemodynamics and in attenuating ventricular remodeling after heart failure."	3.74	Effect of beta-blockers on beta3-adrenoceptor expression in chronic heart failure. ( Chen, GW; Jiang, ZF; Lin, Y; Wang, LX; Wu, TG; Zhao, Q, 2007)
" Objectives of the present study were to evaluate the feasibility, tolerability and safety of carvedilol therapy in a cohort of patients > 70 years of age with CHF and left ventricular ejection fraction < 40% with chronic atrial fibrillation."	3.73	Does atrial fibrillation in very elderly patients with chronic systolic heart failure limit the use of carvedilol? ( Cioffi, G; De Feo, S; Del Sindaco, D; Opasich, C; Pulignano, G; Stefenelli, C; Tarantini, L, 2006)
"Beta-blockers have many different physiologic effects that could potentially influence the risk of hemorrhagic events in chronic heart failure patients (CHF) on warfarin."	3.73	Differential associations of beta-blockers with hemorrhagic events for chronic heart failure patients on warfarin. ( Berlowitz, DR; Cunningham, F; Gomez-Caminero, A; Miller, DR; Oliveria, SA; Rothendler, JA, 2006)
"Our previous study showed that static handgrip caused increases in the plasma adrenomedullin (ADM) both in patients with heart failure (HF) and healthy subjects."	3.73	Effect of adrenergic blockade on plasma adrenomedullin concentration during static handgrip in patients with heart failure. ( Cybulski, G; Krzemiński, K; Mikulski, T; Nazar, K, 2006)
"To assess the efficacy and tolerability of carvedilol administration in patients with heart failure and concomitant diabetes."	3.72	Efficacy and tolerability of the long-term administration of carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure with and without concomitant diabetes mellitus. ( Dei Cas, A; Dei Cas, L; Metra, M; Nodari, S, 2003)
"Body weight and plasma norepinephrine, leptin, and insulin levels were measured in 27 subjects with CHF before and after 6 months of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade with carvedilol or long-acting metoprolol."	3.72	Partial reversal of cachexia by beta-adrenergic receptor blocker therapy in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Androne, AS; Hryniewicz, K; Hudaihed, A; Katz, SD, 2003)
"The long-term beta-blockade strategy with carvedilol, metoprolol succinate or bisoprolol is now strongly recommended to reduce the rates of mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF)."	3.72	Long-term oral carvedilol in chronic heart failure. ( Di Lenarda, A; Moretti, M; Sabbadini, G; Sinagra, G, 2004)
"Carvedilol reduces disease progression in heart failure, but to our knowledge, its effects on hospitalizations and costs have not been evaluated."	3.71	Influence of carvedilol on hospitalizations in heart failure: incidence, resource utilization and costs. U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. ( Bristow, MR; Cohn, JN; Colucci, WS; Fowler, MB; Gilbert, EM; Lacey, MJ; Lukas, MA; Oster, G; Packer, M; Richner, R; Vera-Llonch, M; Young, ST, 2001)
"To evaluate prospectively the impact of carvedilol on a short-term physical training program in stable patients with moderate chronic heart failure (CHF), and to analyze parameters predictive of improvement after training."	3.71	Influence of carvedilol on the benefits of physical training in patients with moderate chronic heart failure. ( Bertrand, P; Charbonnier, B; Forissier, JF; Monpère, C; Vernochet, P, 2001)
"We retrospectively performed stepwise logistic regression analysis on 1,509 patients with chronic heart failure in 4 multicenter United States studies and 1 Australia-New Zealand study to examine the effect of digoxin in patients randomized to carvedilol or placebo."	3.70	Effect of concomitant digoxin and carvedilol therapy on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Eichhorn, EJ; Lukas, MA; Shusterman, N; Wu, B, 2000)
"To determine the effect of beta blockade on parasympathetic nervous system activity, we assessed RR variability during 24-hour Holter monitoring in 10 patients with congestive heart failure before and after 3 to 4 months of treatment with the beta blocker carvedilol."	3.69	Long-term carvedilol therapy increases parasympathetic nervous system activity in chronic congestive heart failure. ( Bigger, JT; Bloomfield, DM; Goldsmith, RL; Krum, H; Packer, M; Sackner-Bernstein, J; Steinman, RC, 1997)
"7 years), with previously untreated essential hypertension and echocardiographically proven left-ventricular hypertrophy, received metoprolol 200 mg daily over a period of 12."	3.67	[Regression of myocardial hypertrophy in hypertensives on chronic beta-receptor block]. ( Behr, M; Franz, IW; Ketelhut, R; Wiewel, D, 1986)
"During the mean 3-year follow-up, resting heart rate (HR) and BNP were significantly reduced with dose-response relations in the early period but without dose-response relations in the late period."	2.78	Minimal dose for effective clinical outcome and predictive factors for responsiveness to carvedilol: Japanese chronic heart failure (J-CHF) study. ( Azuma, J; Fujio, Y; Hori, M; Izumi, T; Kitabatake, A; Matsuzaki, M; Nagai, R; Nonen, S; Ohashi, Y; Okamoto, H; Tsutsui, H; Yamazaki, T; Yoshikawa, T, 2013)
"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently coexists in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and is a key factor for beta blocker underprescription and underdosing."	2.76	Differences between bisoprolol and carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial. ( Kovacic, D; Lainscak, M; Podbregar, M; Rozman, J; von Haehling, S, 2011)
"Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), combined with optimal medical therapy (OMT), is an established treatment for patients with advanced chronic heart failure (ACHF)."	2.76	CArdiac resynchronization in combination with beta blocker treatment in advanced chronic heart failure (CARIBE-HF): the results of the CARIBE-HF study. ( Bisetti, S; Cantù, F; De Luca, A; De Santo, T; Gavazzi, A; Gori, M; Grosu, A; Iacovoni, A; Senni, M, 2011)
"In subjects with COPD, forced expiratory volume in 1 s was lowest with carvedilol and highest with bisoprolol (carvedilol 1."	2.75	Differences between beta-blockers in patients with chronic heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized crossover trial. ( Coleman, CF; Elsik, M; Hayward, CS; Jabbour, A; Keogh, AM; Kotlyar, E; Krum, H; Macdonald, PS; Mellemkjaer, S, 2010)
"Heart failure is one of the most serious complications in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)."	2.75	Carvedilol can prevent cardiac events in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. ( Kawai, M; Kikuchi, Y; Kuru, S; Matsumura, T; Tamura, T, 2010)
" The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the polymorphism on pharmacokinetics of carvedilol by population pharmacokinetic analysis."	2.73	Evaluation of effects of polymorphism for metabolic enzymes on pharmacokinetics of carvedilol by population pharmacokinetic analysis. ( Kitabatake, A; Kiyokawa, M; Okamoto, H; Sugawara, M; Takekuma, Y; Takenaka, T; Tsutsui, H; Yamazaki, K, 2007)
" Accordingly, the authors have investigated dosing equivalency by examining baseline and peak exercise heart rates and norepinephrine levels in subjects with chronic heart failure treated with carvedilol or metoprolol."	2.73	Differential effects of carvedilol and metoprolol succinate on plasma norepinephrine release and peak exercise heart rate in subjects with chronic heart failure. ( Ahuja, K; Hirsh, DS; Jorde, UP; Kasper, ME; Khandwalla, RM; Tseng, CH; Vittorio, TJ; Zolty, R, 2008)
" The dosage of beta-blockers were increased gradually to target or the tolerant dosages (bisoprolol 10 mg qd, carvedilol 25 mg bid) during 3 months in 36 patients."	2.71	[Beneficial neurohormonal profiles of beta-blockades in chronic left heart failure]. ( Bian, WY; Duan, B; Jia, X; Li, W; Li, YS; Wang, F; Wang, L; Xu, ZM, 2005)
"Carvedilol treatment of hibernating myocardium results in improved functional recovery after revascularization compared with metoprolol tartrate, and this might partially be related to reduced cardiomyocyte degeneration."	2.71	Carvedilol improves myocardial contractility compared with metoprolol in patients with chronic hibernating myocardium after revascularization. ( Diep, TP; Grohmann, B; Gupta, R; Kostin, S; Nowak, B; Schaper, J; Schwarz, ER; Uretsky, BF, 2005)
"Carvedilol was well tolerated both during dose titration and during maintenance therapy."	2.70	[Long term use of a non-selective beta-blocker with vasodilating properties carvedilol in patients with severe heart failure]. ( Gruzdev, AK; Iosava, IK; Sidorenko, BA; Vasechkin, SS; Zaikin, SY, 2002)
"Metoprolol was administered to 29 patients, and carvedilol to 62."	2.70	Comparative left ventricular functional and neurohumoral effects of chronic treatment with carvedilol versus metoprolol in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. ( Hanatani, A; Hirooka, K; Hori, M; Ishida, Y; Komamura, K; Miyatake, K; Nakatani, S; Yamagishi, M; Yasumura, Y, 2001)
"2%) and 4 others who were subsequently unable to withstand the progressive stepping up of drug dosage (8."	2.69	[Tolerance and efficacy of carvedilol prescription in patients with mild to moderated chronic heart failure]. ( Barnay, P; Gelisse, R; Levy, S; Maixent, JM; Paganelli, F; Saadjian, A; Sbragia, P, 2000)
"With carvedilol, there was a parallel decline from 4."	2.69	Prospective, randomized comparison of effect of long-term treatment with metoprolol or carvedilol on symptoms, exercise, ejection fraction, and oxidative stress in heart failure. ( Buchholz-Varley, C; Charney, RH; Eng, C; Kalman, J; Kukin, ML; Levy, DK; Ocampo, ON, 1999)
"Carvedilol treatment had a beneficial effect on lipid pattern and reduced lipid oxidation, but there was no obvious effect on progression of chronic rejection."	2.69	Carvedilol treatment of kidney graft recipients with chronic rejection. ( Backman, U; Fellström, B; Larsson, E; Vessby, B; Zezina, L, 1999)
"Carvedilol 25 mg b."	2.67	Treatment of chronic stable angina with carvedilol in comparison with nifedipine s.r. ( Derr, I; Eberhardt, R; Ehmer, B; Rudorf, J; Uberbacher, HJ; van der Does, R, 1991)
" Based on this evidence, it is now recommended to add beta-blockers such as metoprolol CR/XL with an escalating dosage regimen to the treatment of patients with symptomatic heart failure who already are receiving a stable medical regimen including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, vasodilators, or digitalis."	2.43	The use of metoprolol CR/XL in the treatment of patients with diabetes and chronic heart failure. ( De Freitas, O; Fornoni, A; Lenz, O; Materson, BJ, 2006)
"Carvedilol is a multiple action, non-specific, adrenergic beta-blocker, licensed for the treatment of mild, moderate and severe chronic heart failure."	2.42	Use of carvedilol in the treatment of heart failure. ( Coats, A, 2003)
"Carvedilol was generally well tolerated in patients with CHF."	2.42	Carvedilol: a review of its use in chronic heart failure. ( Jarvis, B; Keating, GM, 2003)
" Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses, however, indicate that the dosing regimen of metoprolol selected for use in the COMET trial produces a magnitude and time course of beta(1)-blockade during a 24-hour period that is similar to the dose of carvedilol targeted for use in the trial."	2.42	Do beta-blockers prolong survival in heart failure only by inhibiting the beta1-receptor? A perspective on the results of the COMET trial. ( Packer, M, 2003)
"Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have airflow obstruction that leads to dynamic lung hyperinflation and reduced ventilatory response to exercise."	2.42	Therapeutic update: non-selective beta- and alpha-adrenergic blockade in patients with coexistent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure. ( Jelic, S; Le Jemtel, TH; Sirak, TE, 2004)
" To date, controlled clinical trials performed in more than 13,000 patients with chronic heart failure have consistently shown that the long term administration of beta-blockers is associated with significant improvement in left ventricular function, clinical symptoms, and survival."	2.41	[Role of beta-blockers in the treatment of chronic heart heart failure]. ( Czuriga, I; Edes, I, 2001)
" For such a drug, the pathophysiological changes occurring in CHF can have a profound impact on PK, and thus the resulting pharmacodynamic response, of both enantiomers."	1.43	Predicting Stereoselective Disposition of Carvedilol in Adult and Pediatric Chronic Heart Failure Patients by Incorporating Pathophysiological Changes in Organ Blood Flows-A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Approach. ( Khalil, F; Läer, S; Rasool, MF, 2016)
"Severe aortic regurgitation was induced by retrograde puncture of the aortic valve leaflets under sonographic guidance in 12-week-old male C57BL/6J mice."	1.42	Characterization of coronary flow reserve and left ventricular remodeling in a mouse model of chronic aortic regurgitation with carvedilol intervention. ( Ge, J; Qian, J; Wang, X; Wu, J; You, J; Zhu, D; Zou, Y, 2015)
"Carvedilol was started in week 2 post MR induction and given for 23 to 35 weeks in the β-blockade group."	1.39	Effects of early, late, and long-term nonselective β-blockade on left ventricular remodeling, function, and survival in chronic organic mitral regurgitation. ( Davidson, WR; Gao, Z; Pu, DK; Pu, M, 2013)
"Chagas disease is still an important endemic disease in Brazil, and the cardiac involvement is its more severe manifestation."	1.39	Carvedilol enhances the antioxidant effect of vitamins E and C in chronic Chagas heart disease. ( Budni, P; Dalmarco, EM; Dalmarco, JB; Frode, TS; Pedrosa, RC; Wilhelm Filho, D, 2013)
"Carvedilol treatment resulted in less left ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation."	1.37	Usefulness of carvedilol in the treatment of chronic aortic valve regurgitation. ( Arsenault, M; Couet, J; Lachance, D; Roussel, E; Zendaoui, A, 2011)
"Fifty consecutive patients with dilated cardiomyopathy in NYHA class II-IV with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 35% or below were studied with full polysomnography over one night."	1.34	Does beta-blocker treatment influence central sleep apnoea? ( Köhnlein, T; Welte, T, 2007)
" All centres were provided with carvedilol, metoprolol, and bisoprolol at appropriate doses; the choice of the drug and dosage was left to the responsible clinician."	1.32	Treatment of chronic heart failure with beta adrenergic blockade beyond controlled clinical trials: the BRING-UP experience. ( Balli, E; Geraci, E; Gorini, M; Gronda, E; Lucci, D; Maggioni, AP; Opasich, C; Sinagra, G; Tavazzi, L; Tognoni, G, 2003)
"Management of heart failure is estimated to consume 1% to 2% of total healthcare resources and recent data from the UK suggests this may be as high as 4% with hospital admissions accounting for approximately 70% of this expenditure."	1.31	Cost effectiveness of beta blocker therapy for patients with chronic severe heart failure in Ireland. ( Barry, M, 2002)

Research

Studies (162)

Authors

Clinical Trials (22)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Mean Change From Baseline in Amylase at Week 8

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	1 (0.62)	18.7374
1990's	19 (11.73)	18.2507
2000's	103 (63.58)	29.6817
2010's	38 (23.46)	24.3611
2020's	1 (0.62)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Toyoda, S	1
Haruyama, A	1
Inami, S	1
Arikawa, T	1
Saito, F	1
Watanabe, R	1
Sakuma, M	1
Abe, S	1
Nakajima, T	1
Tanaka, A	1
Node, K	1
Inoue, T	1
McCutcheon, K	1
Dickens, C	1
van Pelt, J	1
Dix-Peek, T	1
Grinter, S	1
McCutcheon, L	1
Patel, A	1
Hale, M	1
Tsabedze, N	1
Vachiat, A	1
Zachariah, D	1
Duarte, R	1
Janssens, S	1
Manga, P	1
Qu, W	1
Li, X	1
Yu, Z	1
Fröhlich, H	1
Torres, L	1
Täger, T	1
Schellberg, D	1
Corletto, A	1
Kazmi, S	1
Goode, K	1
Grundtvig, M	1
Hole, T	1
Katus, HA	6
Cleland, JGF	1
Atar, D	1
Clark, AL	3
Agewall, S	1
Frankenstein, L	1
Takayanagi, R	1
Fujito, K	1
Kimura, K	1
Yamada, Y	1
Nagatomo, Y	2
Yoshikawa, T	5
Okamoto, H	4
Kitabatake, A	4
Hori, M	5
Nagai, R	2
Izumi, T	2
Matsuzaki, M	3
Pu, M	1
Gao, Z	1
Pu, DK	1
Davidson, WR	1
Yamaura, S	1
Fukao, M	1
Ishida, K	1
Taguchi, M	1
Hashimoto, Y	1
Budni, P	1
Pedrosa, RC	1
Dalmarco, EM	1
Dalmarco, JB	1
Frode, TS	1
Wilhelm Filho, D	1
Riccioni, G	1
Masciocco, L	1
Benvenuto, A	1
Saracino, P	1
De Viti, D	1
Massari, F	1
Meliota, G	1
Buta, F	1
Speziale, G	1
Düngen, HD	1
Musial-Bright, L	1
Inkrot, S	1
Apostolović, S	1
Edelmann, F	1
Lainščak, M	3
Sekularac, N	1
Störk, S	1
Tahirovic, E	1
Tscholl, V	1
Krackhardt, F	1
Loncar, G	1
Trippel, TD	1
Gelbrich, G	1
Yu, H	1
Wei, F	1
Qian, G	1
Li, L	1
Zhang, C	1
Cheng, Z	1
Wang, X	1
Wu, J	1
Zhu, D	1
You, J	1
Zou, Y	1
Qian, J	1
Ge, J	1
Sun, YP	1
Wei, CP	1
Ma, SC	1
Zhang, YF	1
Qiao, LY	1
Li, DH	1
Shan, RB	1
Diogo, LN	1
Pereira, SA	1
Nunes, AR	1
Afonso, RA	1
Santos, AI	1
Monteiro, EC	1
Rasool, MF	1
Khalil, F	1
Läer, S	1
Sallam, M	1
Al-Saadi, T	1
Alshekaili, L	1
Al-Zakwani, I	1
Miró, Ò	1
Müller, C	1
Martín-Sánchez, FJ	1
Bueno, H	1
Mebazaa, A	1
Herrero, P	1
Jacob, J	1
Gil, V	1
Escoda, R	1
Llorens, P	1
Coats, AJS	1
Krum, H	8
Mohacsi, P	5
Salekin, D	1
Schultz, MK	2
Packer, M	11
Anker, SD	1
Aygul, N	1
Ozdemir, K	1
Duzenli, MA	1
Aygul, MU	1
Fragasso, G	1
Salerno, A	1
Margonato, A	1
Remme, WJ	6
Tamura, A	1
Kawano, Y	1
Kadota, J	1
Yamaji, M	2
Tsutamoto, T	2
Tanaka, T	2
Kawahara, C	2
Nishiyama, K	2
Yamamoto, T	2
Fujii, M	2
Horie, M	2
Corrà, U	2
Mezzani, A	2
Giordano, A	2
Bosimini, E	2
Giannuzzi, P	2
Troncoso, R	2
Moraga, F	1
Chiong, M	2
Roldán, J	1
Bravo, R	1
Valenzuela, R	1
Díaz-Araya, G	2
del Campo, A	1
Sanhueza, C	1
Rodriguez, A	1
Vukasovic, JL	2
Mellado, R	1
Greig, D	2
Castro, PF	2
Lavandero, S	2
Shaw, SM	1
Coppinger, T	1
Waywell, C	1
Dunne, L	1
Archer, LD	1
Critchley, WR	1
Yonan, N	1
Fildes, JE	1
Williams, SG	1
Lou, YF	1
Shi, XP	1
Tong, H	1
Yu, GY	1
Yao, GD	1
Dong, K	1
Jabbour, A	1
Macdonald, PS	2
Keogh, AM	2
Kotlyar, E	2
Mellemkjaer, S	1
Coleman, CF	1
Elsik, M	1
Hayward, CS	2
Magrì, D	2
Palermo, P	3
Cauti, FM	1
Contini, M	3
Farina, S	2
Cattadori, G	3
Apostolo, A	3
Salvioni, E	2
Magini, A	1
Vignati, C	1
Alimento, M	1
Sciomer, S	3
Bussotti, M	3
Agostoni, P	4
Baudhuin, LM	1
Miller, WL	1
Train, L	1
Bryant, S	1
Hartman, KA	1
Phelps, M	1
Larock, M	1
Jaffe, AS	1
Matsumura, T	1
Tamura, T	1
Kuru, S	1
Kikuchi, Y	1
Kawai, M	1
Saito, M	1
Kawana, J	1
Ohno, T	1
Hanada, K	1
Kaneko, M	1
Mihara, K	1
Shiomi, M	1
Nagayama, M	1
Sumiyoshi, T	1
Ogata, H	1
Wali, RK	1
Iyengar, M	1
Beck, GJ	1
Chartyan, DM	1
Chonchol, M	1
Lukas, MA	4
Cooper, C	1
Himmelfarb, J	1
Weir, MR	1
Berl, T	1
Henrich, WL	1
Cheung, AK	1
Zendaoui, A	1
Lachance, D	1
Roussel, E	1
Couet, J	1
Arsenault, M	1
Karsten, M	1
Cefalù, C	1
Catai, AM	1
Ozova, EM	1
Kiiakbaev, GK	1
Kobalava, ZhD	1
Moiseev, VS	1
Susa, T	1
Kobayashi, S	1
Murakami, W	1
Akashi, S	1
Kunitsugu, I	1
Okuda, S	1
Doi, M	1
Wada, Y	1
Nao, T	1
Yamada, J	1
Ueyama, T	1
Okamura, T	1
Yano, M	1
Podbregar, M	3
Kovacic, D	2
Rozman, J	1
von Haehling, S	1
Grosu, A	1
Senni, M	1
Iacovoni, A	1
Gori, M	1
Cantù, F	1
Bisetti, S	1
De Santo, T	1
De Luca, A	1
Gavazzi, A	1
Kitakaze, M	1
Sarai, N	1
Ando, H	1
Sakamoto, T	1
Nakajima, H	1
Gordon, SG	1
Saunders, AB	1
Hariu, CD	1
Boggess, MM	1
Miller, MW	1
Bozkurt, B	1
Bolos, M	1
Deswal, A	1
Ather, S	1
Chan, W	1
Mann, DL	1
Carabello, B	1
Petersen, M	1
Andersen, JT	1
Jimenez-Solem, E	1
Broedbaek, K	1
Afzal, S	1
Nyegaard, M	1
Børglum, AD	1
Stender, S	1
Torp-Pedersen, C	4
Køber, L	1
Poulsen, HE	1
Huang, M	2
Zhang, X	1
Chen, S	2
Sun, Y	1
Xiao, Y	1
Sun, J	1
Liu, F	1
Tsutsui, H	2
Yamazaki, T	1
Fujio, Y	1
Nonen, S	1
Azuma, J	1
Ohashi, Y	1
Fung, JW	1
Chan, SK	1
Yeung, LY	1
Sanderson, JE	1
Barry, M	1
Metra, M	5
Nodari, S	2
D'Aloia, A	1
Muneretto, C	1
Robertson, AD	2
Bristow, MR	6
Dei Cas, L	2
Fowler, MB	7
Roecker, EB	4
Coats, AJ	6
Rouleau, JL	4
Tendera, M	4
Staiger, C	1
Holcslaw, TL	2
Amann-Zalan, I	1
DeMets, DL	2
Bruns, LA	1
Canter, CE	1
Maltsev, VA	1
Sabbab, HN	1
Undrovinas, AI	1
Azeka, E	1
Franchini Ramires, JA	1
Valler, C	1
Alcides Bocchi, E	1
Zaikin, SY	1
Iosava, IK	1
Vasechkin, SS	1
Gruzdev, AK	1
Sidorenko, BA	1
Voga, G	1
Vittorio, TJ	2
Lang, CC	1
Katz, SD	4
Mancini, DM	1
Jorde, UP	2
Paganelli, F	1
Maixent, JM	1
Gelisse, R	1
Saadjian, A	1
Sbragia, P	1
Barnay, P	1
Levy, S	1
Maggioni, AP	2
Sinagra, G	2
Opasich, C	4
Geraci, E	1
Gorini, M	1
Gronda, E	1
Lucci, D	2
Tognoni, G	1
Balli, E	1
Tavazzi, L	2
Starling, RC	1
Jourdain, P	1
Funck, F	1
Bellorini, M	1
Guillard, N	1
Loiret, J	1
Thebault, B	1
Desnos, M	1
Duboc, D	1
Bollano, E	1
Täng, MS	1
Hjalmarson, A	1
Waagstein, F	1
Andersson, B	1
Coats, A	1
Bouzamondo, A	1
Hulot, JS	1
Sanchez, P	1
Lechat, P	1
Keating, GM	1
Jarvis, B	1
Hryniewicz, K	2
Androne, AS	2
Hudaihed, A	2
Swedberg, K	5
Syrkin, AL	2
Kukes, VG	1
Poltavskaia, MG	2
Andreev, DA	2
Aref'eva, AB	1
Teplonogova, EV	1
Konova, IA	1
Rykova, MS	1
Dei Cas, A	1
Gupta, R	2
Tang, WH	1
Young, JB	1
Palazzuoli, A	1
Carrera, A	1
Calabria, P	1
Puccetti, L	1
Pastrorelli, M	1
Pasqui, AL	1
Auteri, A	1
Bruni, F	1
Nessler, J	1
Skrzypek, A	1
Ertl, G	1
Nitschmann, S	1
Castaigne, A	2
Scherhag, A	4
Riegger, G	1
Hildebrandt, P	1
Komajda, M	4
Jaarsma, W	1
Bobbio, M	1
Soler-Soler, J	1
Lutiger, B	2
Rydén, L	1
Yancy, CW	1
Di Lenarda, A	3
Sabbadini, G	1
Moretti, M	1
Cohen Solal, A	1
Jondeau, G	1
Beauvais, F	1
Berdeaux, A	2
Bellenger, NG	1
Rajappan, K	1
Rahman, SL	1
Lahiri, A	2
Raval, U	1
Webster, J	1
Murray, GD	1
Cleland, JG	6
Pennell, DJ	1
Feneley, M	1
Ahmed, A	1
Dell'Italia, LJ	1
Sirak, TE	1
Jelic, S	1
Le Jemtel, TH	1
Murakami, T	1
De Feo, S	2
Cioffi, G	2
Pulignano, G	3
Del Sindaco, D	2
Tarantini, L	2
Gualco, A	1
Patrignani, A	1
Mc-Nab, P	1
Quintana, JC	1
Bittner, A	1
Vergara, I	1
Corbalan, R	1
Copaja, M	1
Alcaino, H	1
Charlesworth, A	3
Poole-Wilson, PA	3
Wang, F	1
Xu, ZM	1
Wang, L	1
Bian, WY	1
Jia, X	1
Duan, B	1
Li, W	1
Li, YS	1
Ekman, I	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Beta-Blockade in Chronic Mitral Regurgitation: Moving From the Laboratory Experiment to Clinical Investigation[NCT00700947]	Phase 1	27 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-10-31	Terminated (stopped due to Funding terminated)
Nebivolol Versus Bisoprolol Versus Carvedilol in Heart Failure: Effects on Exercise Capacity and Hypoxia, Chemoreceptor Response, Pulmonary Function[NCT00517725]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-07-31	Completed
A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of SK&F-105517-D in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure- An Open-label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of SK&F-105517-D in Patients With Chronic Heart Fai[NCT00742508]	Phase 1	41 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-08-28	Completed
The Influence of Beta Blocker Therapy on the Hemodynamic Response to Inotrope Infusion in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure[NCT01971944]		50 participants (Actual)	Observational	2010-12-31	Completed
Effect of Ivabradine on Heart Rate and Hemodynamics in Patients With Stage D Heart Failure (HF)/Cardiogenic Shock on Dobutamine Treatment[NCT03387605]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-03-15	Recruiting
Bisoprolol Plasma Residual Concentrations for the Optimization of Drug Management in Heart Failure With Mild to Reduced Ejection Fraction[NCT03644446]		81 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2017-11-02	Recruiting
Efficacy of an m-Health Cardiac Rehabilitation Program in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT05002075]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-11-20	Recruiting
Effects of Nebivolol Versus Metoprolol on Blood Flow Responses to Exercise and Angiotensin II in Hypertensive Patients[NCT01502787]	Phase 4	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-04-30	Completed
The Effect of alpha1- Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist Therapy on Cardiac and Striatal Transporter Uptake in Pre-Motor and Symptomatic Parkinson's Disease: A Follow up Study[NCT05109364]	Phase 2	15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-09-23	Recruiting
The Effect of Adrenergic Blocker Therapy on Cardiac and Striatal Transporter Uptake in Pre-Motor and Symptomatic Parkinson's Disease[NCT03775096]	Phase 2	15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-04-04	Recruiting
The PACE-MI Registry Study - Outcomes of Beta-blocker Therapy After Myocardial Infarction (OBTAIN)[NCT00430612]		7,057 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2009-05-31	Completed
Surveillance and Alert-based Multiparameter Monitoring to Reduce Worsening Heart Failure Events - SCALE-HF 1[NCT04882449]		300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-07-08	Active, not recruiting
A Randomized Trial of Carvedilol After Renin-angiotensin System Inhibition in Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy[NCT01557140]	Phase 4	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-05-31	Completed
A Randomized Study of the MitraClip Device in Heart Failure Patients With Clinically Significant Functional Mitral Regurgitation[NCT01772108]		42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-04-30	Terminated (stopped due to As recruitment rate was lower than anticipated)
Long Term Study on the Possible Beneficial Effects of Catheterised Renal Denervation in Patients With Heart Failure and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Who Are Already on Standard Medical Therapy.[NCT01870310]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-06-30	Recruiting
A Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled, 8-Month Study of the Effect of Twice Daily Carvedilol in Children With Congestive Heart Failure Due to Systemic Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction[NCT00052026]	Phase 3	161 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-05-31	Completed
A Multicenter,Randomized, Double Blind, Double Dummy, Parallel Group Study to Compare Effects of Coreg CR and Coreg IR on Left Ventricular End Systolic Volume Index in Subjects With Stable Chronic Heart Failure[NCT00323037]	Phase 3	318 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-03-31	Completed
Congestive Heart Failure Atrial Arrhythmia Monitoring and Pacing (CHAMP)[NCT00156728]	Phase 4	172 participants	Interventional	2003-10-31	Completed
A Prospective, Randomized Trial Using a reproduciBLe volUmE-Measurement stratEGy in the surGical Reconstruction of the Ischemic Cardiomyopathic Heart[NCT00326690]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-11-30	Withdrawn (stopped due to Unable to recruit and enroll patients)
Collaborative Systematic Overview of Randomised Controlled Trials of Beta-Blockers in the Treatment of Heart Failure[NCT00832442]		18,240 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2008-08-31	Enrolling by invitation
Molecular Mechanisms of Volume Overload-Aim 1(SCCOR in Cardiac Dysfunction and Disease)[NCT01052428]	Phase 2/Phase 3	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-08-31	Completed
Beta-blocker Uptitration in Heart Failure Patients Receiving Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy With Optivol Fluid Status Monitoring System[NCT00433043]	Phase 4	2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Terminated (stopped due to Insufficient enrollment)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Mean change from baseline was calculated as the Week 8 value minus the Baseline value (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Heart Rate at Week 8

Intervention	units per liter (U/L) (Mean)
CRV-IR	-10.2
SK&F-105517-D	-0.1

Mean change from baseline was calculated as the Week 8 value minus the Baseline value. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Hematocrit at Week 8

Intervention	beats per minute (Mean)
CRV-IR	-10.4
SK&F-105517-D	-10.6

Mean change from baseline was calculated as the Week 8 value minus the Baseline value. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin at Week 8

Intervention	proportion of 1 (SI) (Mean)
CRV-IR	-0.0085
SK&F-105517-D	-0.0095

Mean change from baseline was calculated as the Week 8 value minus the Baseline value. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Mean Corpuscular Volume at Week 8

Intervention	picograms (pg) (Mean)
CRV-IR	0.12
SK&F-105517-D	-0.21

Mean change from baseline was calculated as the Week 8 value minus the Baseline value. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Red Blood Cell Count at Week 8

Intervention	femtoliters (fL) (Mean)
CRV-IR	0.1
SK&F-105517-D	-0.1

Mean change from baseline was calculated as the Week 8 value minus the Baseline value. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Weight at Week 8

Intervention	tebi (2 to the power of 40)/liter (Ti/L) (Mean)
CRV-IR	-0.091
SK&F-105517-D	-0.087

Mean change from baseline was calculated as the Week 8 value minus the Baseline value. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Adjusted Mean Change From Baseline in Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 8

Intervention	kilograms (kg) (Mean)
CRV-IR	0.29
SK&F-105517-D	-0.11

Pharmacodynamic (PD) assessment points were 24 hours (h) (from time of first reading to time of last reading), morning (6 am-12 pm), afternoon (12-6 pm), night (6 pm-6 am on following day), waking (8 am-9 pm), sleeping (0-5 am), PDmax (maximal value obtained with each participant during the 0-24 h interval), PDmin (minimal value obtained with each participant during the 0-24 h interval), and PDmax/PDmin. PDmax/PDmim was calculated as the ratio of the PDmax to PDmin, and it showed the degree of change during the 0-24 h interval. The mean was adjusted for Baseline value. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Adjusted Mean Change From Baseline in Mean Heart Rate at Week 8

Intervention	millimeters of mercury (mmHg) (Mean)
	24 h	Morning	Afternoon	Night	Waking	Sleeping	PDmax	PDmin	PDmax/PDmin
CRV-IR	-7.10	-7.68	-5.32	-9.01	-5.11	-12.68	-10.45	-1.34	-0.24
SK&F-105517-D	-4.89	-8.24	-10.25	0.73	-8.56	5.38	-17.91	-0.24	-0.36

Adjusted Mean Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 8

Intervention	beats per minute (Mean)
	24 h	Morning	Afternoon	Night	Waking	Sleeping	PDmax	PDmin	PDmax/PDmin
CRV-IR	-11.38	-9.59	-13.96	-11.12	-12.53	-11.16	-13.43	-2.04	-0.93
SK&F-105517-D	-15.37	-14.87	-15.93	-15.26	-15.53	-14.28	-23.43	-3.47	-1.27

Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time Zero to 24 Hours (AUC0-24) of S-carvedilol, R-carvedilol, and M4 Active Metabolite (SB-203231) at Week 8

Intervention	millimeters of mercury (mmHg) (Mean)
	24 h	Morning	Afternoon	Night	Waking	Sleeping	PDmax	PDmin	PDmax/PDmin
CRV-IR	-10.84	-12.34	-10.14	-9.04	-10.39	-11.85	-9.74	-6.89	0.07
SK&F-105517-D	-1.45	-4.78	-12.06	5.17	-9.99	13.20	-10.19	1.42	-0.17

Area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from time zero to 24 hours (AUC0-24) of S-carvedilol, R-carvedilol, and M4 active metabolite (SB-203231) was measured. Participants in each treatment group were divided into 3 groups by pharmacokinetic sampling timing: Groups A, B, and C in the SK&F-105517-D group and Groups D, E, and F in the CRV-IR group. The analysis was performed on log-transformed data. Carvedilol is a racemic mixture. Non-selective β-blocking activity is shown by S-carvedilol, while α1-blocking activity is shown by both S-carvedilol and R-carvedilol. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Week 8

Cardiothoracic Ratio at Baseline and Week 8

Intervention	hours * nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) (Geometric Mean)
	S-carvedilol	R-carvedilol	SB-203231
CRV-IR	60.040	170.728	28.113
SK&F-105517-D	155.109	284.313	64.687

Cardiothoracic ratio is a marker of the degree of heart enlargement and was measured by chest X-ray. It is shown as the ratio of the transverse diameter of the heart to the transverse diameter of the thorax, and is measured as a percentage. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Echocardiogram Results: Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction at Baseline and Week 8

Intervention	percentage (Mean)
	Baseline, n=22, 19	Week 8, n=11, 8
CRV-IR	53.70	50.91
SK&F-105517-D	53.58	52.35

Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a marker of left ventricular systolic function and was measured by echocardiogram. It is shown as the ratio of left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV) to left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), and is measured as a percentage. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) and Trough Plasma Concentration (Cmin) of S-carvedilol, R-carvedilol, and M4 Active Metabolite (SB-203231) at Week 8

Intervention	percentage (Mean)
	Baseline, n=20, 19	Week 8, n=11, 8
CRV-IR	34.0	42.0
SK&F-105517-D	32.2	37.6

Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) and Trough Plasma Concentration (Cmin) of S-carvedilol, R-carvedilol, and M4 active Metabolite (SB-203231) were measured. Participants in each treatment group were divided into 3 groups by pharmacokinetic sampling timing: Groups A, B, and C in the SK&F-105517-D group and Groups D, E, and F in the CRV-IR group. The analysis was performed on log-transformed data. Carvedilol is a racemic mixture. Non-selective β-blocking activity is shown by S-carvedilol, while α1-blocking activity is shown by both S-carvedilol and R-carvedilol. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Albumin and Total Protein at Week 8

Intervention	nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) (Geometric Mean)
	S-carvedilol, Cmax	S-carvedilol, Cmin	R-carvedilol, Cmax	R-carvedilol, Cmin	SB-203231, Cmax	SB-203231, Cmin
CRV-IR	6.7952	1.2072	19.1864	2.9445	3.1665	0.4843
SK&F-105517-D	12.8171	3.3796	27.1306	4.2565	6.3937	1.2386

Mean change from baseline was calculated as the Week 8 value minus the Baseline value. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Alkaline Phosphatase, Alanine Aminotransferase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Creatine Kinase, and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase at Week 8

Intervention	grams per liter (g/L) (Mean)
	Albumin	Total Protein
CRV-IR	0.7	0.4
SK&F-105517-D	-1.9	-1.6

Mean change from baseline was calculated as the Week 8 value minus the Baseline value (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Calcium, Chloride, Glucose, Potassium, Sodium, and Urea/Blood Urea Nitrogen at Week 8

Intervention	international units per liter (IU/L) (Mean)
	Alkaline Phosphatase	Alanine Aminotransferase	Aspartate Aminotransferase	Creatine Kinase	Gamma Glutamyl Transferase
CRV-IR	-10.9	-0.2	0.8	34.4	-0.8
SK&F-105517-D	-5.0	3.8	1.4	-0.1	2.4

Mean change from baseline was calculated as the Week 8 value minus the Baseline value (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Creatine Kinase BB Percentage, Creatine Kinase MB Percentage, and Creatine Kinase MM Percentage at Week 8

Intervention	millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean)
	Calcium	Chloride	Glucose	Potassium	Sodium	Urea/Blood Urea Nitrogen
CRV-IR	-0.027218	0.2	-0.136252	-0.07	0.5	0.61339
SK&F-105517-D	-0.056138	2.4	-1.956728	0.07	1.6	-0.58013

Mean change from baseline was calculated as the Week 8 value minus the Baseline value. (BB, brain-derived; MB=cardiac muscle-derived; MM=skeletal muscle-derived. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Each Type of White Blood Cell (WBC) (Basophils, Eosinophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, and Total Neutrophils) at Week 8

Intervention	percentage of Total Creatine Kinase (Mean)
	Creatine Kinase BB percentage	Creatine Kinase MB percentage	Creatine Kinase MM percentage
CRV-IR	-0.2	-0.3	1.1
SK&F-105517-D	0.5	-0.1	0.8

Mean change from baseline was calculated as the Week 8 value minus the Baseline value. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration at Week 8

Intervention	percentage of each WBC type in WBC count (Mean)
	Basophils	Eosinophils	Lymphocytes	Monocytes	Total Neutrophils
CRV-IR	-0.06	0.15	0.05	0.19	-0.41
SK&F-105517-D	-0.06	0.76	2.21	1.28	-4.31

Mean change from baseline was calculated as the Week 8 value minus the Baseline value. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Platelet Count and White Blood Cell Count at Week 8

Intervention	grams per liter (g/L) (Mean)
	Hemoglobin	Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
CRV-IR	-2.3	1.3
SK&F-105517-D	-3.9	-1.9

Mean change from baseline was calculated as the Week 8 value minus the Baseline value. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure and Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 8

Intervention	gibi (2 to the power of 30)/liter (Gi/L) (Mean)
	Platelet Count	White Blood Cell Count
CRV-IR	-6.9	0.297
SK&F-105517-D	-11.1	-0.498

Mean change from baseline was calculated as the Week 8 value minus the Baseline value. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Total Bilirubin, Creatinine, and Uric Acid at Week 8

Intervention	millimeters of mercury (mmHg) (Mean)
	Systolic blood pressure	Diastolic blood pressure
CRV-IR	-5.7	0.6
SK&F-105517-D	10.0	2.8

Mean change from baseline was calculated as the Week 8 value minus the Baseline value (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Mean Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide Concentration at Baseline and Week 8

Intervention	micromoles per liter (umol/L) (Mean)
	Total Bilirubin	Creatinine	Uric Acid
CRV-IR	1.555	5.5451	30.8215
SK&F-105517-D	-4.489	-4.5305	14.1265

Brain natriuretic peptide is a surrogate marker of the severity of heart failure and was measured by a central laboratory. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Number of Participants With Adverse Events by Severity From Week 0 Through Week 8 (CRV-IR) or Week 14 (SK&F-105517-D)

Intervention	ng/L (nanogram per Liter) (Mean)
	Baseline, n=20, 19	Week 8, n=11, 8
CRV-IR	108.93	64.88
SK&F-105517-D	226.46	111.93

Drug-related adverse events (AEs) were defined as AEs that were judged to have a relationship with the investigational product by the investigator (or subinvestigator) with the use of clinical judgment and the Clinical Investigator Brochure to determine the relationship. Refer to adverse event information for type and frequency of adverse events. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Treatment Period from Week 0 (Baseline) to Week 8 and 1-week Follow-up Period (Week 9) for CRV-IR; Treatment Period from Week 0 (Baseline) to Week 14 and 1-week Follow-up Period (Week 15) for SK&F-105517-D

Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class at Week 8

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Severe	Moderate	Mild	Severe (drug-related)	Moderate (drug-related)	Mild (drug-related)
CRV-IR	0	2	9	0	2	3
SK&F-105517-D	1	5	10	1	3	4

The NYHA classification assesses the severity of symptoms of heart failure as judged by the investigator and is comprised of. 4 classes: I, no resulting limitations on physical activity (PA); II, slight limitations on PA; III, marked limitations on PA; IV, inability to carry out any PA without discomfort. The number of participants with any change from Baseline in the NYHA Functional Class at Week 8 was calculated. Improved=class at the visit is decreased compared to baseline class, Unchanged=class at the visit is stable, Worsened=class at the visit is increased compared to baseline class. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Number of Participants With the Indicated Electrocardiogram Findings at Baseline and Week 8

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Improved	Unchanged	Worse
CRV-IR	0	11	0
SK&F-105517-D	1	7	0

There are 3 categories for electrocardiogram (ECG) findings: normal; abnormal, not clinically significant; and abnormal, clinically significant. Each of the findings was classified by the investigator according to whether it was normal. Abnormal ECGs were further classified according to whether they were felt to be clinically significant in the medical and scientific judgment of the investigator. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Number of Participants With the Indicated Urinalysis Dipstick Results at Baseline and Week 8

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Normal, Baseline (BL), n=22, 19	Abnormal-Not clinically significant, BL, n=22, 19	Abnormal-Clinically significant, BL, n=22, 19	Normal, Week (W) 8, n=11, 8	Abnormal-Not clinically significant, W8, n=11, 8	Abnormal-Clinically significant, W8, n=11, 8
CRV-IR	2	12	8	2	5	4
SK&F-105517-D	1	9	9	1	1	6

Dipstick test values: Negative (-), Traces (+-), +1, +2, +3. +4. Normal ranges (qualitative): protein, - or +-; glucose, - or +-; occult blood, -; ketones, -. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Time of Maximal Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of S-carvedilol, R-carvedilol, and M4 Active Metabolite (SB-203231) at Week 8

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Urine Glucose, Negative, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Glucose, Traces, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Glucose, 1+, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Glucose, 2+, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Glucose, 3+, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Glucose, 4+, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Ketones, Negative, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Ketones, Traces, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Ketones, 1+, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Ketones, 2+, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Ketones, 3+, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Ketones, 4+, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Occult Blood, Negative, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Occult Blood, Traces, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Occult Blood, 1+, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Occult Blood, 2+, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Occult Blood, 3+, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Occult Blood, 4+, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Protein, Negative, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Protein, Traces, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Protein, 1+, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Protein, 2+, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Protein, 3+, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Protein, 4+, Baseline, n=22, 19	Urine Glucose, Negative, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Glucose, Traces, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Glucose, 1+, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Glucose, 2+, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Glucose, 3+, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Glucose, 4+, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Ketones, Negative, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Ketones, Traces, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Ketones, 1+, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Ketones, 2+, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Ketones, 3+, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Ketones, 4+, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Occult Blood, Negative, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Occult Blood, Traces, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Occult Blood, 1+, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Occult Blood, 2+, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Occult Blood, 3+, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Occult Blood, 4+, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Protein, Negative, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Protein, Traces, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Protein 1+, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Protein, 2+, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Protein, 3+, Week 8, n=11, 8	Urine Protein, 4+, Week 8, n=11, 8
CRV-IR	20	1	0	0	1	0	22	0	0	0	0	0	18	1	2	1	0	0	21	0	0	1	0	0	11	0	0	0	0	0	11	0	0	0	0	0	11	0	0	0	0	0	10	1	0	0	0	0
SK&F-105517-D	19	0	0	0	0	0	19	0	0	0	0	0	16	1	1	1	0	0	18	0	1	0	0	0	8	0	0	0	0	0	8	0	0	0	0	0	8	0	0	0	0	0	8	0	0	0	0	0

Time of maximal plasma concentration (tmax) of S-carvedilol, R-carvedilol, and M4 active metabolite (SB-203231) was measured. Participants in each treatment group were divided into 3 groups by pharmacokinetic sampling timing: Groups A, B, and C in the SK&F-105517-D group and Groups D, E, and F in the CRV-IR group. Carvedilol is a racemic mixture. Non-selective β-blocking activity is shown by S-carvedilol, while α1-blocking activity is shown by both S-carvedilol and R-carvedilol. (NCT00742508)
Timeframe: Week 8

Blood Pressure During Angiotensin II Infusion

Blood Pressure During Exercise

Forearm Blood Flow

Change From Baseline in BNP Levels

Change From Baseline in Deceleration Time

Change From Baseline in Early to Late Atrial Ratio (E:A Ratio)

Change From Baseline in End Diastolic Dimension (EDD)

Change From Baseline in End Systolic Dimension (ESD)

Change From Baseline in Intraventricular Septal Thickness (IVST)

Change From Baseline in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF)

Change From Baseline in Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume (LVEDV)

Change From Baseline in Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume Index (LVEDVI)

Change From Baseline in Left Ventricular End Systolic Volume (LVESV)

Change From Baseline in Left Ventricular End Systolic Volume Index (LVESVI) Characterized by 2-D Echocardiography

Intervention	hours (Median)
	S-carvedilol	R-carvedilol	SB-203231
CRV-IR	1.983	1.983	1.983
SK&F-105517-D	5.958	5.958	5.958

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
Metoprolol	114
Nebivolol	113

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
Initial Treatment With Metoprolol	101
Initial Treatment With Nebivolol	103

Intervention	ml/min (Mean)
First Intervention Metoprolol: 12 Weeks	96
Second Intervention Nebivolol: 24 Weeks	105

Intervention	percentage of change (Mean)
Carvedilol Immediate Release	-0.88
Carvedilol Controlled Release	-0.86

Intervention	percentage of change (Mean)
Carvedilol Immediate Release	24.00
Carvedilol Controlled Release	53.37

Intervention	percentage of change (Mean)
Carvedilol Immediate Release	-0.20
Carvedilol Controlled Release	-0.45

Intervention	percentage of change (Mean)
Carvedilol Immediate Release	-0.33
Carvedilol Controlled Release	-0.36

Intervention	percentage of change (Mean)
Carvedilol Immediate Release	-0.76
Carvedilol Controlled Release	-0.83

Intervention	percentage of change (Mean)
Carvedilol Immediate Release	.08
Carvedilol Controlled Release	.05

Intervention	percentage of change (Mean)
Carvedilol Immediate Release	.08
Carvedilol Controlled Release	.08

Intervention	percentage of change (Mean)
Carvedilol Immediate Release	-36.61
Carvedilol Controlled Release	-42.22

Intervention	percentage of change (Mean)
Carvedilol Immediate Release	-18.29
Carvedilol Controlled Release	-20.57

Intervention	percentage of change (Mean)
Carvedilol Immediate Release	-36.61
Carvedilol Controlled Release	-43.00

Maintenance Visit 3 minus Baseline. Maintenance Visit 3 occurred 24 weeks after entry into the maintenance period. The maintenance period started after completion of a titration period of variable duration. (NCT00323037)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after entry into the maintenance period

Change From Baseline in Left Ventricular Mass (LVM)

Change From Baseline in Posterior Wall Thickness (PWT)

Safety and Tolerability of Coreg CR

Intervention	mL/m^2 (Mean)
Coreg Immediate Release	-18.36
Coreg Controlled Release	-20.81

Intervention	percentage of change (Mean)
Carvedilol Immediate Release	9.5
Carvedilol Controlled Release	-9.29

Intervention	percentage of change (Mean)
Carvedilol Immediate Release	.07
Carvedilol Controlled Release	.05

SAEs experienced (NCT00323037)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after entry into the maintenance phase (after unblinding)

Drug Dose Tolerability

Incidence of Hospitalizations

Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

Intervention	number of SAEs (Number)
Carvedilol Immediate Release	40
Carvedilol Controlled Release	35

Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Is a calculation of heart pump function determined from the volume after complete filling minus the volume after complete contraction divided by the volume after complete filling. A value of 55% or greater is normal. (NCT01052428)
Timeframe: 5 visits per Participant over 2 years (about every 6 months)

Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume Indexed to Body Surface Area

Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume Indexed to Body Surface Area: As an indicator of heart size, the blood volume of the heart is related to the body size. The end diastolic volume is the blood volume of the heart at the end of filling, just before contraction. The relation of heart blood volume to body size is more accurate in determining pathology because larger people require a larger heart blood volume. The values that are too high or too low indicate a diseased myocardium. (NCT01052428)
Timeframe: 5 visits per Participant over 2 years (about every 6 months)

Left Ventricular End Systolic Volume Indexed to Body Surface Area

Left Ventricular End Systolic Volume Indexed to Body Surface Area As an indicator of heart size, the blood volume of the heart is related to the body size. The end systolic volume is the blood volume of the heart at the end of contraction and is an index of the pump function of the heart. This relation to body size is more accurate in determining pathology because larger people require a larger heart blood volume. The values that are too high or too low indicate a diseased myocardium. (NCT01052428)
Timeframe: 5 visits per Participant over 2 years (about every 6 months)

Left Ventricular End-diastolic Mass Indexed to Left Ventricular End-diastolic Volume

Left Ventricular End-diastolic Mass Indexed to Left Ventricular End-diastolic Volume As an indicator of heart muscle mass and heart blood volume, the mass indexed to end diastolic volume determines whether there is an adequate amount of heart muscle to pump the heart blood volume obtained from a three-dimensional analysis. The values that are too high or too low indicate a diseased myocardium. (NCT01052428)
Timeframe: 5 visits per Participant over 2 years (about every 6 months)

Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Radius to Wall Thickness

Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Radius to Wall Thickness As an indicator of heart muscle mass and heart volume chamber diameter, the end-diastolic radius indexed to end diastolic wall thickness determines whether there is an adequate amount of heart muscle to pump the heart blood volume obtained from a two-dimensional analysis. The values that are too high or too low indicate a diseased myocardium. (NCT01052428)
Timeframe: 5 visits per Participant over 2 years (about every 6 months)

Peak Early Filling Rate: Rate of Change Over Time

Peak Early Filling Rate The peak early filling rate of change is calculated from the slope of the volume during the early filling of the heart with respect to time. The higher values indicate a very healthy heart muscle and lower values are indicative of a very stiff muscle. (NCT01052428)
Timeframe: 5 visits per Participant over 2 years (about every 6 months)

Systolic Longitudinal Strain

Systolic Longitudinal Strain. By identifying two points on the heart, the strain is the difference between the distance between these two points at the end of filling of the heart and the end of contraction divided by the length at the end of filling. Thus, the measure is like the ejection fraction, however the strain is more localized to a specified segment in the heart muscle. The higher values indicate a healthy heart. (NCT01052428)
Timeframe: 5 visits per Participant over 2 years (about every 6 months)

Intervention	subjects in each treatment group (Number)
	Study Entry (10mg Coreg CR, 3.125mg Coreg IR)	Maintenance Entry (10mg Coreg CR, 3.125mg Coreg IR)	End of Study (10mg Coreg CR, 3.125mg Coreg IR)	Study Entry (20mg Coreg CR, 6.25mg Coreg IR)	Maintenance Entry (20mg Coreg CR, 6.25mg Coreg IR)	End of Study (20mg Coreg CR, 6.25mg Coreg IR)	Study Entry (40mg Coreg CR, 12.5mg Coreg IR)	Maintenance Entry (40mg Coreg CR, 12.5mg Coreg IR)	End of Study (40mg Coreg CR, 12.5mg Coreg IR)	Study Entry (80mg Coreg CR, 25mg Coreg IR)	Maintenance Entry (80mg Coreg CR, 25mg Coreg IR)	End of Study (80mg Coreg CR, 25mg Coreg IR)
Carvedilol Controlled Release	83	0	4	39	9	16	27	16	22	4	114	111
Carvedilol Immediate Release	79	0	7	61	13	16	21	12	21	4	116	121

Intervention	participants in each treatment group (Number)
	Hospitalization for Heart Failure	Hospitalization Due to Any Cause	Hospitalization or Death
Carvedilol Controlled Release	6	29	29
Carvedilol Immediate Release	6	31	32

Intervention	percent (Mean)
	Month 0 (n=19,19)	Month 3 (n=1,0)	Month 6 (n=17,19)	Month 9 (n=1,1)	Month 12 (n=14,15)	Month 15 (n=3,2)	Month 18 (n=14,18)	Month 21 (n=5,0)	Month 24 (n=16,18)
Placebo	62.62	63.90	63.80	41.90	61.70	44.70	60.95	53.79	59.95
Toprol XL	62.09	NA	61.29	54.81	62.77	68.47	62.05	NA	63.02

Article	Year
Efficacy and safety of carvedilol in treatment of heart failure with chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Circulation. Heart failure, 2011, Volume: 4, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Creatinine; Double-Blind	2011
Should beta-blockers be used for the treatment of pediatric patients with chronic heart failure? Paediatric drugs, 2002, Volume: 4, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Di	2002
Use of carvedilol in the treatment of heart failure. Hospital medicine (London, England : 1998), 2003, Volume: 64, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Cardiac Output, Low; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Humans; P	2003
Beta-blocker benefit according to severity of heart failure. European journal of heart failure, 2003, Volume: 5, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Heart Failure; Hos	2003
Carvedilol: a review of its use in chronic heart failure. Drugs, 2003, Volume: 63, Issue:16 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Drug Administration Schedule;	2003
Carvedilol: a review of its use in chronic heart failure. Drugs, 2003, Volume: 63, Issue:16 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Drug Administration Schedule;	2003
Carvedilol: a review of its use in chronic heart failure. Drugs, 2003, Volume: 63, Issue:16 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Drug Administration Schedule;	2003
Carvedilol: a review of its use in chronic heart failure. Drugs, 2003, Volume: 63, Issue:16 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Drug Administration Schedule;	2003
Do beta-blockers prolong survival in heart failure only by inhibiting the beta1-receptor? A perspective on the results of the COMET trial. Journal of cardiac failure, 2003, Volume: 9, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Controlled Clinical Trials as	2003
[The modern view on the role of inflammatory factors in chronic heart failure and possibilities of pharmacological modification]. Przeglad lekarski, 2003, Volume: 60, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Amiodarone; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-Inflammatory	2003
Special considerations for carvedilol use in heart failure. The American journal of cardiology, 2004, May-06, Volume: 93, Issue:9A Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Age Factors; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials a	2004
Use of beta-blockers in older adults with chronic heart failure. The American journal of the medical sciences, 2004, Volume: 328, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Carbazoles; Cardiovascu	2004
Therapeutic update: non-selective beta- and alpha-adrenergic blockade in patients with coexistent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2004, Aug-04, Volume: 44, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Bronchoconstriction; Bronchodilator Agent	2004
[Beta blockers for therapy of chronic heart failure]. Nihon Naika Gakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine, 2005, Feb-10, Volume: 94, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as	2005
Beta-adrenoceptor antagonists in elderly patients with chronic heart failure: therapeutic potential of third-generation agents. Drugs & aging, 2006, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Age Factors; Aged; Benzopyrans; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease	2006
The use of metoprolol CR/XL in the treatment of patients with diabetes and chronic heart failure. Vascular health and risk management, 2006, Volume: 2, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Delayed-Action Preparations; D	2006
[Application of beta-blockers for clinical practice]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2007, May-28, Volume: 65 Suppl 5 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Biomarkers; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Heart Failure; Hum	2007
Carvedilol in the treatment of elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Clinical interventions in aging, 2008, Volume: 3, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; C	2008
Combination drug therapy in chronic heart failure: is treatment part of the problem in heart failure? Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 1997, Volume: 11 Suppl 1 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Carba	1997
Left ventricular remodelling and improved long-term outcomes in chronic heart failure. European heart journal, 1998, Volume: 19 Suppl B Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Cardiac Output, Low; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Humans; P	1998
Beta-blockade and amiodarone therapy: twin brothers from different parents. Journal of cardiac failure, 1998, Volume: 4, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Dis	1998
[Drug therapy of chronic heart failure: when are beta receptor blockers indicated?]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1999, Sep-24, Volume: 124 Suppl 2 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles	1999
beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in chronic heart failure. Circulation, 2000, Feb-08, Volume: 101, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Heart Failure; Hea	2000
Beta-blockers: the new standard of therapy for mild heart failure. Archives of internal medicine, 2000, May-08, Volume: 160, Issue:9 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Diastole; Disease Progression;	2000
Influence of beta-blockers on mortality in chronic heart failure. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2000, Volume: 34, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Heart Failure; Hum	2000
Current role of beta-adrenergic blockers in the management of chronic heart failure. The American journal of medicine, 2001, May-07, Volume: 110 Suppl 7A Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chron	2001
[Role of beta-blockers in the treatment of chronic heart heart failure]. Orvosi hetilap, 2001, Sep-16, Volume: 142, Issue:37 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Controlled Clinica	2001

Article	Year
Bisoprolol compared with carvedilol and metoprolol succinate in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure. Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, 2017, Volume: 106, Issue:9 Topics: Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Carvedilol;	2017
Analysis of Clinical Efficacy and Adverse Effects of β-Blocking Agents Used Clinically for Chronic Heart Failure. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2017, Volume: 40, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Forced Expiratory	2017
Effects of early, late, and long-term nonselective β-blockade on left ventricular remodeling, function, and survival in chronic organic mitral regurgitation. Circulation. Heart failure, 2013, Volume: 6, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Blood Pressure; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Echoc	2013
Effect of chronic hypoxic hypoxia on oxidation and glucuronidation of carvedilol in rats. European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, 2014, Volume: 39, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Biotransformation; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Di	2014
Carvedilol enhances the antioxidant effect of vitamins E and C in chronic Chagas heart disease. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia, 2013, Volume: 101, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Biomark	2013
[Association of T190C polymorphism of β3 adrenergic receptor gene with response to carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure]. Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics, 2015, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Po	2015
Characterization of coronary flow reserve and left ventricular remodeling in a mouse model of chronic aortic regurgitation with carvedilol intervention. Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, 2015, Volume: 34, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Echocardiography; Frac	2015
Efficacy of carvedilol in reversing hypertension induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in rats. European journal of pharmacology, 2015, Oct-15, Volume: 765 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Hypertension; Hypoxia; Ma	2015
Predicting Stereoselective Disposition of Carvedilol in Adult and Pediatric Chronic Heart Failure Patients by Incorporating Pathophysiological Changes in Organ Blood Flows-A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Approach. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 2016, Volume: 44, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Biological Availability; Biotransformation; Ca	2016
BETAWIN-AHF study: effect of beta-blocker withdrawal during acute decompensation in patients with chronic heart failure. Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, 2016, Volume: 105, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chi-Square	2016
Heart rate reduction is probably not the main beneficial mechanism by which beta blockade improves outcome in patients with systolic chronic heart failure. The American journal of cardiology, 2008, Aug-15, Volume: 102, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Antihypertensive Agents; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Heart	2008
Beta-blockade as first-line therapy in the elderly heart failure patient--the proper approach or asking for trouble? Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2008, Volume: 22, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chro	2008
Effect of carvedilol on plasma adiponectin concentration in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society, 2009, Volume: 73, Issue:6 Topics: Adiponectin; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Biomarkers; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Femal	2009
Exercise haemodynamic variables rather than ventilatory efficiency indexes contribute to risk assessment in chronic heart failure patients treated with carvedilol. European heart journal, 2009, Volume: 30, Issue:24 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Exercise; Female; Heart Failur	2009
The effect of beta-blockers on the adaptive immune system in chronic heart failure. Cardiovascular therapeutics, 2009,Fall, Volume: 27, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Benzopyrans; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease;	2009
Dose-dependent prognostic effect of carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure--special reference to transcardiac [corrected] gradient of norepinephrine. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society, 2009, Volume: 73, Issue:12 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chi-Square	2009
Re: Effect of carvedilol on plasma adiponectin concentration in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society, 2009, Volume: 73, Issue:12 Topics: Adiponectin; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Biomarkers; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Heart	2009
Chronotropic incompentence and functional capacity in chronic heart failure: no role of β-blockers and β-blocker dose. Cardiovascular therapeutics, 2012, Volume: 30, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Dose-Respons	2012
Relation of ADRB1, CYP2D6, and UGT1A1 polymorphisms with dose of, and response to, carvedilol or metoprolol therapy in patients with chronic heart failure. The American journal of cardiology, 2010, Aug-01, Volume: 106, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Alleles; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Comorbidity; Cy	2010
Usefulness of carvedilol in the treatment of chronic aortic valve regurgitation. Circulation. Heart failure, 2011, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Aortic Valve Insufficiency; Atrial Natri	2011
Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine as a novel biomarker for predicting cardiac events and evaluating the effectiveness of carvedilol treatment in patients with chronic systolic heart failure. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society, 2012, Volume: 76, Issue:1 Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Carbazoles; Carve	2012
Retrospective review of carvedilol administration in 38 dogs with preclinical chronic valvular heart disease. Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology, 2012, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aging; Animals; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Dog Diseases;	2012
New insights into mechanisms of action of carvedilol treatment in chronic heart failure patients--a matter of time for contractility. Journal of cardiac failure, 2012, Volume: 18, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myo	2012
Effect of specific ADRB1/ADRB2/AGT genotype combinations on the association between survival and carvedilol treatment in chronic heart failure: a substudy of the ECHOS trial. Pharmacogenetics and genomics, 2012, Volume: 22, Issue:10 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotensinogen; Carbazoles	2012
Cost effectiveness of beta blocker therapy for patients with chronic severe heart failure in Ireland. Irish medical journal, 2002, Volume: 95, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Costs a	2002
Down-regulation of sodium current in chronic heart failure: effect of long-term therapy with carvedilol. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, 2002, Volume: 59, Issue:9 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Calcium; Carbazoles; Cardiac Out	2002
Treatment of chronic heart failure with beta adrenergic blockade beyond controlled clinical trials: the BRING-UP experience. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 2003, Volume: 89, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Bisoprolol; Carbazoles; Cardiac Output, Low; Carvedilol; Chronic	2003
Improving care of chronic heart failure: advances from drugs to devices. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 2003, Volume: 70, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Carbazoles; Cardiac Pacing, A	2003
Bedside B-type natriuretic peptide and functional capacity in chronic heart failure. European journal of heart failure, 2003, Volume: 5, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotensin-Converting Enzy	2003
[The COMET study compares effect of two different beta-blockers in chronic heart failure. Carvedilol better than metoprolol]. Lakartidningen, 2003, Sep-11, Volume: 100, Issue:37 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Heart Failure; Humans; Metopro	2003
[Effect of beta-blockers metoprolol CR/XL and carvedilol on left ventricular contractility in patients with chronic low cardiac output]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 2003, Volume: 75, Issue:9 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Cardiac Output, Low; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Drug Admi	2003
Efficacy and tolerability of the long-term administration of carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure with and without concomitant diabetes mellitus. European journal of heart failure, 2003, Volume: 5, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Carbazoles; Cardiac Catheterization; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease;	2003
Patterns of beta-blocker utilization in patients with chronic heart failure: experience from a specialized outpatient heart failure clinic. American heart journal, 2004, Volume: 147, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Age Factors; Aged; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Carbazoles; Carvedilol;	2004
Partial reversal of cachexia by beta-adrenergic receptor blocker therapy in patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of cardiac failure, 2003, Volume: 9, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cachexia; Carbazoles; Carvedil	2003
[Therapy of chronic heart failure--carvedilol vs. metoprolol. COMET Study]. Der Internist, 2004, Volume: 45, Issue:7 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Cause of Death; Chronic Disease; Double-Blind M	2004
Long-term oral carvedilol in chronic heart failure. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2004, Volume: 5, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Clinical	2004
The impact of baseline left ventricular size and mitral regurgitation on reverse left ventricular remodelling in response to carvedilol: size doesn't matter. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 2004, Volume: 90, Issue:7 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Echoc	2004
Does atrial fibrillation in elderly patients with chronic heart failure limit the efficacy of carvedilol? Suggestions from an observational study. Italian heart journal : official journal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology, 2005, Volume: 6, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Atrial Fibr	2005
Adherence and perception of medication in patients with chronic heart failure during a five-year randomised trial. Patient education and counseling, 2006, Volume: 61, Issue:3 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Varian	2006
Are beta-blockers needed in patients receiving spironolactone for severe chronic heart failure? An analysis of the COPERNICUS study. American heart journal, 2006, Volume: 151, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug	2006
Does atrial fibrillation in very elderly patients with chronic systolic heart failure limit the use of carvedilol? International journal of cardiology, 2006, Feb-15, Volume: 107, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Atrial Fibrillation; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; C	2006
Programme to improve the use of beta-blockers for heart failure in the elderly and in those with severe symptoms: results of the BRING-UP 2 Study. European journal of heart failure, 2006, Volume: 8, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Age Factors; Aged; Carbazoles; Cardiac Output, Low; Carvedilol; Chronic	2006
Carvedilol inhibits right ventricular hypertrophy induced by chronic hypobaric hypoxia. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 2006, Volume: 452, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Hypertrop	2006
Differential associations of beta-blockers with hemorrhagic events for chronic heart failure patients on warfarin. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2006, Volume: 15, Issue:11 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Aged; Anticoagulants; Atenolol	2006
Effect of adrenergic blockade on plasma adrenomedullin concentration during static handgrip in patients with heart failure. Clinical physiology and functional imaging, 2006, Volume: 26, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adrenomedullin; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure;	2006
Does beta-blocker treatment influence central sleep apnoea? Respiratory medicine, 2007, Volume: 101, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Cardiac Output, Low; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Carvedilol; C	2007
Unreliability of the %VO2 reserve versus %heart rate reserve relationship for aerobic effort relative intensity assessment in chronic heart failure patients on or off beta-blocking therapy. European journal of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation : official journal of the European Society of Cardiology, Working Groups on Epidemiology & Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology, 2007, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Carbazoles; Cardiac Output, Low; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Carvedi	2007
Effect of beta-blockers on beta3-adrenoceptor expression in chronic heart failure. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2007, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Blood Pressure; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Gene	2007
ACE-inhibitors, beta-blockers or the combination in heart failure: is it just an A-B-C ? : editorial to: effects of beta-blockade and ACE inhibition on B-type natriuretic peptides in stable patients with systolic heart failure by Rosenberg et al. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2008, Volume: 22, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Biomarkers; Carbazoles; Carve	2008
Long-term carvedilol therapy increases parasympathetic nervous system activity in chronic congestive heart failure. The American journal of cardiology, 1997, Oct-15, Volume: 80, Issue:8 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Carbazoles; Carv	1997
[Drugs prescribed for chronic heart failure. Current data on their effectiveness]. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 1998, Dec-12, Volume: 27, Issue:39 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Biso	1998
Effect of concomitant digoxin and carvedilol therapy on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure. The American journal of cardiology, 2000, Nov-01, Volume: 86, Issue:9 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Confidence Intervals; Di	2000
[Severe heart failure. Carvedilol lowers mortality]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2001, Mar-01, Volume: 143, Issue:9 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Heart Failure; Humans; Propano	2001
Influence of carvedilol on hospitalizations in heart failure: incidence, resource utilization and costs. U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2001, Volume: 37, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chron	2001
Influence of carvedilol on the benefits of physical training in patients with moderate chronic heart failure. European journal of heart failure, 2001, Volume: 3, Issue:3 Topics: Acebutolol; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Carb	2001
Beta-blocker trials seem to be in conflict. Circulation, 2001, Jun-12, Volume: 103, Issue:23 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Contraindications; Heart Failu	2001
[Beta-blockers in the treatment of systolic dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Closing the circle?]. Medicina, 2001, Volume: 61, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Carbazoles; Cardiac Output, L	2001
[Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. A trial of the beta-blocker bucindolol in patient with advanced heart failure]. Italian heart journal. Supplement : official journal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology, 2001, Volume: 2, Issue:8 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Hear	2001
Echo-Doppler mitral flow monitoring: an operative tool to evaluate day-to-day tolerance to and effectiveness of beta-adrenergic blocking agent therapy in patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2001, Nov-15, Volume: 38, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Analysis of Variance; Blood Flow Velocity; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Chro	2001
[Regression of myocardial hypertrophy in hypertensives on chronic beta-receptor block]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1986, Apr-04, Volume: 111, Issue:14 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Blood Pressure; Carbazoles; Cardiomegaly; Carvedilol; Chronic Di	1986

carvedilol and Chronic Disease

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (162)

Authors

Clinical Trials (22)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Mean Change From Baseline in Amylase at Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Heart Rate at Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Hematocrit at Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin at Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Mean Corpuscular Volume at Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Red Blood Cell Count at Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Weight at Week 8

Adjusted Mean Change From Baseline in Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 8

Adjusted Mean Change From Baseline in Mean Heart Rate at Week 8

Adjusted Mean Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at Week 8

Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time Zero to 24 Hours (AUC0-24) of S-carvedilol, R-carvedilol, and M4 Active Metabolite (SB-203231) at Week 8

Cardiothoracic Ratio at Baseline and Week 8

Echocardiogram Results: Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction at Baseline and Week 8

Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) and Trough Plasma Concentration (Cmin) of S-carvedilol, R-carvedilol, and M4 Active Metabolite (SB-203231) at Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Albumin and Total Protein at Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Alkaline Phosphatase, Alanine Aminotransferase, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Creatine Kinase, and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase at Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Calcium, Chloride, Glucose, Potassium, Sodium, and Urea/Blood Urea Nitrogen at Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Creatine Kinase BB Percentage, Creatine Kinase MB Percentage, and Creatine Kinase MM Percentage at Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Each Type of White Blood Cell (WBC) (Basophils, Eosinophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, and Total Neutrophils) at Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration at Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Platelet Count and White Blood Cell Count at Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure and Diastolic Blood Pressure at Week 8

Mean Change From Baseline in Total Bilirubin, Creatinine, and Uric Acid at Week 8

Mean Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide Concentration at Baseline and Week 8

Number of Participants With Adverse Events by Severity From Week 0 Through Week 8 (CRV-IR) or Week 14 (SK&F-105517-D)

Number of Participants With the Indicated Change From Baseline New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class at Week 8

Number of Participants With the Indicated Electrocardiogram Findings at Baseline and Week 8

Number of Participants With the Indicated Urinalysis Dipstick Results at Baseline and Week 8

Time of Maximal Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of S-carvedilol, R-carvedilol, and M4 Active Metabolite (SB-203231) at Week 8

Blood Pressure During Angiotensin II Infusion

Blood Pressure During Exercise

Forearm Blood Flow

Change From Baseline in BNP Levels

Change From Baseline in Deceleration Time

Change From Baseline in Early to Late Atrial Ratio (E:A Ratio)

Change From Baseline in End Diastolic Dimension (EDD)

Change From Baseline in End Systolic Dimension (ESD)

Change From Baseline in Intraventricular Septal Thickness (IVST)

Change From Baseline in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF)

Change From Baseline in Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume (LVEDV)

Change From Baseline in Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume Index (LVEDVI)

Change From Baseline in Left Ventricular End Systolic Volume (LVESV)

Change From Baseline in Left Ventricular End Systolic Volume Index (LVESVI) Characterized by 2-D Echocardiography

Change From Baseline in Left Ventricular Mass (LVM)

Change From Baseline in Posterior Wall Thickness (PWT)

Safety and Tolerability of Coreg CR

Drug Dose Tolerability

Incidence of Hospitalizations

Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume Indexed to Body Surface Area

Left Ventricular End Systolic Volume Indexed to Body Surface Area

Left Ventricular End-diastolic Mass Indexed to Left Ventricular End-diastolic Volume

Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Radius to Wall Thickness

Peak Early Filling Rate: Rate of Change Over Time

Systolic Longitudinal Strain

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies