carubicin and Leukemia--Lymphoid

The data on the clinical trials of karminomycin, a new antitumor antibiotic are presented. The drug was used in the treatment of 46 adult patients with leukemia. Karminomycin was used in primary inducing therapy and treatment of relapses. The results of the trials showed that karminomycin had a definite therapeutic activity in treatment of acute myeloblast leukemia at various stages of the process. A rapid effect of the antibiotic provided its use in emergency cases with rapidly progressing variants of the disease.

Topics: Adult; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Bone Marrow; Carubicin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Daunorubicin; Drug Evaluation; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Time Factors

During the 1st stage of the clinical trials of karminomycin 92 patients with leukemia, solid tumors and lymphoma were treated with karminomycin. Two schemes for the antibiotic use were developed. The 1st scheme was a prolonged one with single doses of 10-15 mg (7.5 mg/m2) administered intravenously twice a week for 3 weeks, the course dose being 60-75 mg (34-45 mg/m2) with 4-week intervals between the courses. The course dose for the patients previously subjected to intensive chemotherapy did not exceed 50 mg (30 mg/m2). The 2nd scheme was a short one with single doses of 8-10 mg (5.5 mg/m2) administered intravenously every day for 5 days, the course dose being 40-50 mg (23-30 mg/m2) with 3-week intervals between the courses. Karminomycin induced in a number of patients a direct side effect, such as nausea, vomiting, asthenia, tachycardia, pain in the heart. In some patients leucopenia, thrombocitopenia, rare stomatitis, alopecia, lowered T peak in the chest curves of the cardiograms were observed after using the course dose.

Topics: Adult; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Carubicin; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Hematopoiesis; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukopenia; Lymphoma; Time Factors

Twenty courses of carminomycin were administered to 18 evaluable adult patients with acute leukemia (14 ANLL, 2 ALL, 2 CGL-BC). All but one received daily doses of 6-14 mg/m2 for 5 consecutive days. Two patients older than 60 yr had not prior chemotherapy and the others had refractory or relapsed disease. The median age was 60 yr. Three ANLL patients achieved complete remission for 8, 9 and 9 months respectively, with no maintenance therapy. None of these had proven clinical resistance to daunomycin and/or doxorubicin. Mucositis was dose-related and dose-limiting. Nausea and vomiting were rare. Alopecia was constant. Cardiac arrythmia was ascribed to carminomycin in two patients. One episode of cardiac failure seemed clearly drug-related and recovered with symptomatic treatment. In conclusion, encouraging antileukemic activity was observed with carminomycin in poor-risk patients. At doses up to 12 mg/m2 day X 5, extramedullary toxicity remained acceptable.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Carubicin; Daunorubicin; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Aziridines; Carubicin; Cyclophosphamide; Daunorubicin; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Prednisolone; Purines

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Carubicin; Daunorubicin; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Middle Aged; Time Factors

Leukemia cells from 4 acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and 1 acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) patients were incubated with a set of 6 anthracycline agents: Adriamycin (Am), 4'-epi-Adriamycin (4'-epi-Am), daunorubicin (Dm), 4-demethoxy-daunorubicin (4-dDm), carminomycin (Cm) and N-trifluoroacetyl-Am-14-valerate (AD32). Cells were assayed for drug uptake after incubation for 2 h, and for DNA damage and drug retention 4 h later. Uptake and retention patterns were characteristic for each agent and fairly uniform for the different cell populations. In contrast, profiles of the amount of DNA damage produced reflected striking differences in each population of cells. These individual responses raise the possibility that leukemic cells resistant to one anthracycline may yet be sensitive to another.

Topics: Carubicin; Cells, Cultured; Daunorubicin; DNA Repair; DNA, Neoplasm; Doxorubicin; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Prognosis

Topics: Autopsy; Carubicin; Daunorubicin; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Asparaginase; Aziridines; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Carubicin; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Graft Survival; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Organophosphorus Compounds; Prednisolone; Purines; Thioguanine; Transplantation, Homologous; Vincristine

Complexes of carminomycin with DNA were prepared from lyophilized carminomycin and high polymer DNA of sturgeon milt. The complex formation was evident from a batochromic shift in the maxima at 450-600 nm and an increase in the absorption level at 545 nm. The carminomycin complexes with DNA had a relatively low general toxicity and higher antileukemic activity in studies on mice with tumor L-1210 as compared to the use of carminomycin alone. The maximum increase in the average life time of the animals was observed when a complex with a molar ratio of carminomycin and DNA of 1:10 (with respect to nucleotides) was used. It was found that the complex of carminomycin and DNA with a ratio of the components of 1:20 had a more pronounced effect on the animal hemopoiesis as compared to the use of carminomycin alone. It resulted in a more significant decrease in the number of the bone marrow myelokariocytes and peripheral blood erythrocytes and leukocytes.

Topics: Animals; Carubicin; Cells, Cultured; Daunorubicin; DNA; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; In Vitro Techniques; Leukemia L1210; Leukemia, Experimental; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Molecular Weight; Neoplasm Transplantation