cardiovascular-agents and Xerostomia

The aim was to examine the association between drug treatment and unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva in four 70-year-old Swedish cohorts, between 1971 and 2001.. Both diseases and their medication can affect the salivary secretion rate.. The study was based on selected samples of four cohorts born in 1901/1902, 1906/1907, 1911/1912 and 1930/1931, respectively, a total of 1072 individuals. The response rate varied between 65% and 85%.. The mean value for the stimulated salivary secretion rate was higher in men (1.3 ± 0.8 ml/min) than in women (1.0 ± 0.7 ml/min) (p < 0.001)). There was a significant association between the salivary secretion rate and the number of drugs among both women (p < 0.01) and men (p < 0.001). This influence was most pronounced in participants who were treated with cardiovascular drugs, mainly diuretics and non-selective β-adrenoceptor blockers, but also with antipsychotics and antidepressants, even when adjusted for cohort, gender, number of teeth and other drugs. There was an increase in treatment with medicines during the three decades.. In these four groups of 70-year-old participants, high drug consumption was associated with lower salivary flow. Unstimulated secretion was only affected in women and then, when taking four or more drugs. Pronounced hyposalivation was, however, uncommon. Cardiovascular drugs, antidepressants and antipsychotics were associated with low salivary secretion. In this age group, the frequently observed association between polypharmacy and a lower saliva secretion rate represents a risk of impaired dental health.

Topics: Aged; Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Saliva; Sweden; Xerostomia

Heart disease is the number one killer of women, and studies have shown connections between cardiovascular and oral health. However, interprofessional community-based participatory initiatives promoting women's oral health have received little research attention. This study evaluated the effectiveness of personalized oral health education (POHE) during a free one-day interprofessional women's health promotion event. The objectives were to 1) assess the participants' knowledge about the connection between oral health and heart disease; 2) disseminate information about oral-systemic linkages; 3) encourage comprehensive dental examinations; and 4) evaluate POHE outcomes. West Virginia University School of Dentistry faculty and students delivered POHE to the participants. These POHE instructors were calibrated with a standardized script regarding periodontal disease, health impact of tobacco, xerostomia-inducing medications, and oral hygiene instruction. Immediately prior to and following each POHE session, all the participants (N=165; 100 percent response rate) completed a number-coded questionnaire. The findings showed that the participants' knowledge of oral-systemic health linkages had increased following the POHE. The respondents received oral health kits and were offered discount vouchers toward the cost of a comprehensive oral examination at the dental school. This replicable model may prove useful to other dental schools in promoting women's oral health.

Topics: Aged; Attitude to Health; Bacteremia; Cardiovascular Agents; Dental Care; Female; Health Education, Dental; Health Fairs; Health Promotion; Heart Diseases; Humans; Information Dissemination; Memory Disorders; Middle Aged; Oral Health; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal Diseases; Precision Medicine; Stroke; Tobacco Products; Women's Health; Wound Healing; Xerostomia

The aim of this work was to determine the frequency and nature of oral manifestations secondary to use of cardiovascular drugs.. Five hundred and thirty one patients attending an adult cardiology clinic in Saudi Arabia were questioned about the occurrence of oral dryness, dysgeusia, or burning sensation and were clinically evaluated for the presence of oral mucosal or gingival disease. Data were statistically analyzed with chi-squared tests, odds ratios and Student's t-test.. Oral symptoms and/or signs were recorded in 75 (14.1%) patients with xerostomia being the most common (7.5%), followed by lichenoid (lichen planus-like) lesions (3.6%) and dysgeusia (1.9%). Xerostomia was significantly more frequent in patients with a history of diabetes mellitus and in female patients (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between patients with or without oral manifestations when age, gender, cardiovascular risk factor, cardiac disease, type of cardiac drug used or the number of medications were assessed. There was a trend for xerostomia to be less frequent in patients receiving therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and a slight trend of xerostomia to be more likely with increased number of non-cardiac and total number of agents per subject. The number of non-cardiac and total medications taken by patients with potential oral manifestations tended to be greater than that of patients without oral manifestations.. The frequency of potential oral manifestations in patients receiving cardiovascular agents was 14.1%. The occurrence and character of the oral manifestations had no significant relation with individual cardiac drugs, although there was a trend for oral manifestations to be likely with increasing number of drugs.

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cardiovascular Agents; Cohort Studies; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Complications; Diuretics; Dysgeusia; Female; Gingival Diseases; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypertension; Lichenoid Eruptions; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Paresthesia; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Vasodilator Agents; Xerostomia; Young Adult

To examine the association of xerogenic medications with the oral mucosa inflammation score (OMS) in US male veterans.. The relationship of having the worst 25th percentile in OMS and intake of xerogenic medications with different pharmacologic indications was analyzed by logistic regression, controlling for age in 3 categories (< or =44, 45-64, > or =65), smoking, disease burden index, alcohol abuse, and the duration of medication, in 290 subjects participating in the Veterans Dental Study.. When polypharmacy and denture-wearing status in addition to the aforementioned covariates were controlled, the odds ratios for cardiovascular disease medications and sympathetic agonists were 2.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-5.91, P < .006), and 2.96 (CI 1.21-7.26, P < .02), respectively, and those for psychotropics and antihistamines were 2.12 (CI 0.94-4.80, P < .06) and 2.09 (CI 0.80-5.48, P < 0.14), respectively.. Xerogenic medication may be associated with oral mucosal pathology.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Agents; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Mucositis; Odds Ratio; Psychotropic Drugs; Retrospective Studies; Stomatitis; Sympathomimetics; United States; Veterans; Xerostomia

This retrospective, longitudinal cohort study quantified the strength of the association between xerogenic cardiovascular medication use and dental restorations, using the latter as a proxy measure for dental caries experience.. Study data were collected from 11 years of electronic clinical/pharmacy records in two large dental group practices associated with managed care organizations (MCO). Records were extracted for all members who were at least 55 years old at the end of the 11 year window, and had at least 48 months of concurrent dental, medical, and pharmacy coverage. The authors identified 4448 individuals whose only xerogenic medication exposure was to drugs treating a cardiovascular condition. This group was compared to a group not taking any medications (n=1183), and a group taking medications with no known xerostomic side effect (n=5622). Poisson regression compared restoration incidence and mean restoration rates among the three groups.. MCO members taking cardiovascular or nonxerogenic medications had higher restoration incidence and mean restoration rates than individuals taking no medications. A small difference in mean restoration rate between the non-xerogenic medication group and the cardiovascular drug group was observed; no significant difference in restoration incidence was seen between these two groups.. This study provides objective quantification of cardiovascular medication's long-term effects on increased restorations in older adults. When grouped under a single category labeled "cardiovascular", drugs with effects targeting the cardiovascular system did not appear to unequivocally lead to higher restorative experiences.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Agents; Cohort Studies; Dental Restoration, Permanent; DMF Index; Drug Therapy; Female; Humans; Incidence; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Managed Care Programs; Middle Aged; Minnesota; Oregon; Retrospective Studies; Tooth Crown; Tooth Root; Washington; Xerostomia

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the United States and most other Western countries. In the United States alone, more than 1 million annual deaths and as many as three times that number of serious consequences can be attributed to these conditions. To provide care to patients with cardiovascular disease, oral health care providers must understand the disease, its treatment, and its impact on the patient's ability to undergo and respond to dental care.

Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dental Care for Chronically Ill; Dental Caries; Gingival Hyperplasia; Gingivitis; Humans; Lichen Planus; Pacemaker, Artificial; Periodontal Diseases; Risk Assessment; Xerostomia

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of self-reported symptoms of dry mouth and burning mouth in the frail elderly. We expected to find the studied symptoms more frequently in the frail elderly than in those who were healthier.. We examined 175 home-living elderly patients (mean age with SD, 82 +/- 5.7 years) hospitalized because of sudden worsening of their general health. For comparison, 252 elderly outpatients (mean age with SD, 77 +/- 5.7 years) from the same community were studied. The subjects' medical diagnoses and prescribed drugs used daily were recorded, their oral health examined, and saliva samples taken for analyses of flow rates, yeasts, and a variety of biochemical factors.. The results showed that 63% of the hospitalized patients and 57% of the outpatients complained of dry mouth. The respective percentages of burning mouth were 13% in the hospitalized and 18% in the outpatients. The dentate status affected the feeling of dry mouth and burning mouth, but there were no consequent differences in concentrations of salivary biochemical constituents, yeast counts, and buffering capacity between patients with or without the symptoms except that hospitalized patients complaining of dry mouth more often had low salivary buffering than those without the symptom. Dry mouth was also more prevalent among the hospitalized patients who used several drugs daily, whereas no such association was found with the burning-mouth symptom. Use of analgesics appeared to safeguard against both the symptoms. Dry mouth and burning mouth were seldom reported simultaneously, although low salivary flow rate was a common finding in patients with burning mouth. The strongest explanatory factors for burning mouth were psychiatric disease among the outpatients (OR 8.7, CI 1.4-54.1, P <.05) and use of psychiatric drugs among the hospitalized (OR 4.2, CI 0.9-20.0, P =.07). For dry mouth, the strongest explanatory factors were respiratory disease in the outpatients (OR 2.0, CI 1.0-3.8, P <.05) and low salivary flow rate in the hospitalized elderly (OR 3.7, CI 1.4-10, P <.05). In all patients (n = 427), use of psychiatric drugs was the strongest explanatory factor for dry mouth (OR 2.1, CI 1.2-3.5, P <.01), whereas analgesic medication was found to protect against burning mouth (OR 0.5, CI 0.3-0.9, P <.05).. The subjective feelings of dry mouth and burning mouth appeared to be a complex issue among the elderly population studied. The 2 symptoms were seldom reported at the same time. The appearance of symptoms did not directly correlate with general health, except in the case of psychiatric diseases and medications, which should be taken into account.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antipsychotic Agents; Burning Mouth Syndrome; Cardiovascular Agents; Female; Finland; Hospitalization; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Mental Disorders; Odds Ratio; Outpatients; Polypharmacy; Prevalence; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Saliva; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Self-Assessment; Xerostomia

The aim of this study was to examine the association between medication exposure and (1) unstimulated whole-salivary flow rate and (2) the severity of xerostomia among older people while adjusting for multiple medication use.. Data were obtained from participants remaining at the five-year follow-up phase of a cohort study of community-dwelling older South Australians. Medication exposure information was available at baseline and at five years, enabling examination of the effects on dry mouth of long-term exposure to medications. At the five-year follow-up, unstimulated salivary flow was estimated using the spit method, and xerostomia severity was estimated using the 11-item Xerostomia Inventory. Because of the potential difficulties posed by polypharmacy, a two-stage analytical approach was employed: (1) Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis was used as an exploratory device to elucidate the relationships among the dependent and independent variables, and (2) linear regression analysis was used as a complementary procedure.. Unstimulated flow rate was lower among individuals who were female or taking antidepressants at both baseline and five years, and higher among smokers or people who were taking hypolipidemic drugs. Xerostomia severity was higher among females, or individuals taking: (1) an anginal at baseline and five years, (2) an anginal without a concomitant betablocker at five years, (3) thyroxine and a diuretic at five years, or (4) antidepressants or antiasthma drugs at both baseline and at five years.. These results suggest that polypharmacy can be accounted for to a certain extent by using CART analysis in conjunction with more conventional approaches; and that the relationship between medications and dry mouth is a complex one, and differs according to which aspect of dry mouth is being examined.

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Antidepressive Agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Cohort Studies; Diuretics; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypolipidemic Agents; Linear Models; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Polypharmacy; Regression Analysis; Saliva; Secretory Rate; Sex Factors; Smoking; South Australia; Thyroxine; Xerostomia

Dry mouth is a common disorder in elderly individuals. It is not, however, necessarily related to decreased salivary flow rate, since subjective feelings of oral dryness have also been found in those with normal flow rates. The aim of this study was to examine in elderly individuals the prevalence of subjective complaints related to dry mouth, and their association with salivary flow rates and the use of systemic medication. In 1990 and 1991, 368 elderly inhabitants of Helsinki, Finland, had their oral health status examined. In addition to the clinical examination, 341 subjects were interviewed regarding different oral and non-oral complaints related to dry mouth. Findings showed that 46% (n = 158) of the subjects had noticed subjective symptoms of dry mouth. Continuous oral dryness was reported by 12% (n = 40) of the subjects, 6% of the men and 14% of the women (p < 0.05). In these 40, the oral and non-oral symptoms were more frequent in subjects reporting continuous dry mouth compared with controls. Continuous dry mouth was clearly associated with the female gender, with mouth breathing and with the use of systemic medications.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Albuterol; Beclomethasone; Cardiovascular Agents; Diuretics; Female; Finland; Geriatric Assessment; Humans; Male; Mouth Breathing; Mouth Diseases; Prevalence; Salivation; Secretory Rate; Sex Factors; Stimulation, Chemical; Surveys and Questionnaires; Theophylline; Xerostomia

The records of 268 patients were used to assess the effects of five disease/drug complexes on the number of postinsertion visits in complete denture wearers. The data were analyzed with SAS and BMDP computer packages. The results showed a statistically significant increase in the number of postinsertion visits in patients who had central nervous system or psychiatric disorders. Practitioners are alerted to consider the ergonomic implications at the outset of treatment.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Central Nervous System Agents; Central Nervous System Diseases; Chi-Square Distribution; Dental Care for Aged; Dental Care for Chronically Ill; Denture Retention; Denture, Complete; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Humans; Male; Masticatory Muscles; Mental Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Movement; Office Visits; Pain; Prosthesis Fitting; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Xerostomia