cardiovascular-agents and Pneumonia--Viral

Patients with cardiovascular risk factors or established cardiovascular disease have an increased risk of developing coronavirus disease 19 and have a worse outcome when infected, but translating this notion into effective action is challenging. At present it is unclear whether cardiovascular therapies may reduce the likelihood of infection, or improve the survival of infected patients. Given the crucial importance of this issue for clinical cardiologists and all specialists dealing with coronavirus disease 19, we tried to recapitulate the current evidence and provide some practical recommendations.

Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Comorbidity; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Europe; Female; Humans; Male; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Prevalence; Risk Assessment; Survival Analysis

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The link between cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 appears to be twofold. First, some reports of data indicate that certain groups of patients are more at risk of COVID-19. This includes patients with cardiovascular risk factors or pre-existing cardiovascular conditions and older patients. In addition, these patients incur disproportionately worse outcome. Second, SARS-CoV2 infection can be complicated by life-threatening cardiovascular acute diseases. Despite the rapid evolution of data on this pandemic, this review aims to highlight the cardiovascular considerations related to COVID-19 whether as comorbidities including concerns and uncertainty regarding the effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors on angiotensin conversion enzyme 2 or related to acute cardiovascular complications.

Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Humans; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Renin-Angiotensin System; Treatment Outcome

Patients with COVID-19 are sometimes already being treated for one or more other chronic conditions, especially if they are elderly. Introducing a treatment against COVID-19, either on an outpatient basis or during hospitalization for more severe cases, raises the question of potential drug-drug interactions. Here, we analyzed the potential or proven risk of the co-administration of drugs used for the most common chronic diseases and those currently offered as treatment or undergoing therapeutic trials for COVID-19. Practical recommendations are offered, where possible.

Topics: Analgesics; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anticoagulants; Antineoplastic Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus; Cardiovascular Agents; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypolipidemic Agents; Interferon beta-1b; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Prescription Drugs; Psychotropic Drugs; Receptors, Interleukin; Risk Assessment; SARS-CoV-2; Thyroid Hormones

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is declared as a pandemic that has spread worldwide, affecting 205 countries. The disease affected 1, 40, 43, 176 individuals and caused 5, 97, 583 deaths around the globe. The organism responsible for the cause of disease is Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 enters into the cell via receptors present on the cell surface named angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Notwithstanding ACE2 receptors acts as a gateway for infection, and most of the cardiovascular patients are treated with the ACE inhibitors. Thus, the role of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers may play a critical role in the severity or outcome of disease. Also, the effect of ACE inhibitors varies with the polymorphism in ACE2 receptors present in the individuals. Hence, it is the need of the hour to investigate the mechanisms which could better aid in the treatment of COVID-19-infected cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients.

Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Betacoronavirus; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Pandemics; Patient Safety; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Pharmacogenomic Variants; Pneumonia, Viral; Polymorphism, Genetic; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2; Virus Internalization

The review highlights selected studies related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention that were presented at the 2020 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Congress-The Digital Experience.. The studies reviewed include clinical trials on novel RNA interference-based lipid-lowering therapies AKCEA-APOCIII-L

Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Betacoronavirus; Cardiology; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Congresses as Topic; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Europe; Glucosides; Humans; Lipid Regulating Agents; Oligonucleotides; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Societies, Medical; Telecommunications

2019年底，武汉出现了由新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）引发的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）。该疫情在短时间内迅速蔓延，严重威胁着公共卫生安全。目前，COVID-19尚无有效的治疗手段。血管紧张素转化酶2（ACE2）作为受体介导2019-nCoV进入细胞，是目前最有可能防治COVID-19的靶点之一。中老年人是COVID-19的易感人群，多伴有基础疾病，且大部分为心血管疾病，因此这部分人更容易发展为重症和危重症，造成严重的临床后果。ACE2是肾素-血管紧张素系统重要的组成部分，以此系统为靶点的ACE抑制剂和血管紧张素受体阻断剂等药物，是目前临床治疗高血压、心肌重构和心力衰竭等心血管疾病的最主要的药物之一。本文系统地介绍了COVID-19以及肾素-血管紧张素系统相关药物及其临床应用，并且分析了肾素-血管紧张素系统相关药物在COVID-19防治中的价值，以及并发心血管疾病的COVID-19患者用药方面需要注意的问题。.

Topics: Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Betacoronavirus; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Humans; Pandemics; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2

Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Adult; Cardiac Catheterization; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Combined Modality Therapy; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Female; Heart Failure; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypertension; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Immunosuppressive Agents; Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Pandemics; Pericarditis; Pneumonia, Viral; Postoperative Complications; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Shock, Cardiogenic

Topics: Algorithms; Antiviral Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Betacoronavirus; Cardiovascular Agents; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Electrocardiography; Heart Diseases; Humans; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2

We sought to explore the prevalence and immediate clinical implications of acute myocardial injury in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 in a region of China where medical resources are less stressed than in Wuhan (the epicentre of the pandemic).. We prospectively assessed the medical records, laboratory results, chest CT images and use of medication in a cohort of patients presenting to two designated covid-19 treatment centres in Sichuan, China. Outcomes of interest included death, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), need for mechanical ventilation, treatment with vasoactive agents and classification of disease severity. Acute myocardial injury was defined by a value of high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) greater than the normal upper limit.. A total of 101 cases were enrolled from January to 10 March 2020 (average age 49 years, IQR 34-62 years). Acute myocardial injury was present in 15.8% of patients, nearly half of whom had a hs-TnT value fivefold greater than the normal upper limit. Patients with acute myocardial injury were older, with a higher prevalence of pre-existing cardiovascular disease and more likely to require ICU admission (62.5% vs 24.7%, p=0.003), mechanical ventilation (43.5% vs 4.7%, p<0.001) and treatment with vasoactive agents (31.2% vs 0%, p<0.001). Log hs-TnT was associated with disease severity (OR 6.63, 95% CI 2.24 to 19.65), and all of the three deaths occurred in patients with acute myocardial injury.. Acute myocardial injury is common in patients with COVID-19 and is associated with adverse prognosis.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Betacoronavirus; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Agents; China; Cohort Studies; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Middle Aged; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Pandemics; Peptide Fragments; Pneumonia, Viral; Prognosis; SARS-CoV-2; Severity of Illness Index; Troponin T

Topics: Anticoagulants; Atrial Fibrillation; Betacoronavirus; Cardiovascular Agents; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Delivery of Health Care; Drug Monitoring; Evidence-Based Pharmacy Practice; Humans; Medication Adherence; Medication Systems; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Quarantine; Recurrence; SARS-CoV-2; Secondary Prevention; Stroke

Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Betacoronavirus; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Critical Care; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Renin-Angiotensin System; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2

At the end of 2019, a novel virus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome to spread globally. There are currently no effective drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2. In this study, based on the analysis of numerous references and selected methods of computational chemistry, the strategy of integrative structural modification of small molecules with antiviral activity into potential active complex molecules has been presented. Proposed molecules have been designed based on the structure of triterpene oleanolic acid and complemented by structures characteristic of selected anti-COVID therapy assisted drugs. Their pharmaceutical molecular parameters and the preliminary bioactivity were calculated and predicted. The results of the above analyses show that among the designed complex substances there are potential antiviral agents directed mainly on SARS-CoV-2.

Topics: Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus; Cardiovascular Agents; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Drug Repositioning; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Oleanolic Acid; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2

In 2020, the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic is causing a huge and dramatic impact on healthcare systems worldwide. During this emergency, fragile patients suffering from other comorbidities, especially patients susceptible to or affected by cardiovascular disease, are the ones most exposed to the poorer outcomes. Therefore, it is still mandatory to continue to strictly adhere to the rules of cardiovascular prevention. This document aims to provide all doctors with simple and clear recommendations in order to spread useful messages to the widest number of subjects in order to continue the battle against cardiovascular diseases even in times of pandemic.

Topics: Betacoronavirus; Cardiology; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Consensus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Preventive Health Services; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction Behavior; SARS-CoV-2

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has spread around the world. However, the dynamic course of critically ill COVID-19 has not been described thoroughly.. We retrospectively analyzed 195 critically ill COVID-19 patients in Hubei province, China, between January 5, 2020 and April 3, 2020. Epidemiologic data, clinical features, treatments, and outcomes were collected and analyzed.. Most critically ill patients were older with higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores. After critical illness onset, a total of 181 (92.8%) patients received ventilation support, of which 84 (43.1%) received noninvasive and 97 (49.7%) received invasive mechanic ventilation (IMV). Among the 97 patients with IMV, 28 (28.9%) received prone ventilation, 57 (58.8%) received neuromuscular blocked therapy, and 22 (11.3%) received tracheostomy due to prolonged ventilator use. Early hypoxemia, subsequent hypercapnia, pulmonary hypertension, and finally pulmonary fibrosis were notable in the clinical course of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Eighty-nine (45.6%) patients presented with shock. Acute kidney injury (29.7%) and secondary infection (28.2%) were also notable. The overall mortality of critically ill patients at day 28 was 42.1%. Intensive care unit (ICU) mortality was around 33%, as 16 patients died prior to ICU admission. A low PaO2/FiO2 ratio was an independent risk factor for death. High viral load was observed in most non-survivors.. ARDS and shock were notable in the critical illness of COVID-19. Ventilation support and hemodynamic support were the cornerstones for critical care. High viral load was associated with death of critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Agents; China; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Critical Illness; Disease Progression; Female; Hemodynamics; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Respiration, Artificial; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load