cardiovascular-agents and Myalgia

In this prospective study, we examined the effect of atorvastatin treatment on baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in subjects with type 2 diabetes. A total of 79 patients with type 2 diabetes with dyslipidaemia were recruited. A total of 46 subjects were enrolled to atorvastatin 10 mg daily and low-fat diet and 33 patients to low-fat diet only. BRS was assessed non-invasively using the sequence method at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Treatment with atorvastatin increased BRS after 12 months (from 6.46 ± 2.79 ms/mmHg to 8.05 ± 4.28 ms/mmHg, p = 0.03), while no effect was seen with low-fat diet. Further sub-analysis according to obesity status showed that BRS increased significantly only in the non-obese group (p = 0.036). A low dose of atorvastatin increased BRS in non-obese subjects with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia after 1-year treatment. This finding emphasizes the beneficial effect of atorvastatin on cardiovascular system, beyond the lipid-lowering effects.

Topics: Aged; Atorvastatin; Baroreflex; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Dyslipidemias; Female; Greece; Heptanoic Acids; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Male; Middle Aged; Myalgia; Obesity; Patient Dropouts; Prospective Studies; Pyrroles; Risk Factors

We have recently demonstrated a role of the vascular endothelium in peripheral pain mechanism by disrupting endothelial cell function using intravascular administration of octoxynol-9, a non-selective membrane active agent. As an independent test of the role of endothelial cells in pain mechanisms, we evaluated the effect of homocysteine, an agent that damages endothelial cell function. Mechanical stimulus-induced enhancement of endothelin-1 hyperalgesia in the gastrocnemius muscle of the rat was first prevented then enhanced by intravenous administration of homocysteine, but was only inhibited by its precursor, methionine. Both homocysteine and methionine significantly attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia in two models of ergonomic muscle pain, induced by exposure to vibration, and by eccentric exercise, and cutaneous mechanical hyperalgesia in an ischemia-reperfusion injury model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type I, all previously shown responsive to octoxynol-9. This study provides independent support for a role of the endothelial cell in pain syndromes thought to have a vascular basis, and suggests that substances that are endothelial cell toxins can enhance vascular pain.

Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Cardiovascular Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelin-1; Endothelium, Vascular; Homocysteine; Hyperalgesia; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Male; Methionine; Movement; Muscle, Skeletal; Myalgia; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy; Touch; Vibration

Topics: Anesthesia; Cardiovascular Agents; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscles; Myalgia; Succinylcholine

Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Disease; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscles; Muscular Diseases; Myalgia; Pain; Succinylcholine