cardiovascular-agents and Movement-Disorders

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a serious complication associated with the long-term use of dopamine receptor-blocking drugs. No drugs are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treating TD. A number of drugs appear to have some benefit for its treatment, including branched-chain amino acids, piracetam (Nootropil(®), Nootrop(®), Nootropyl(®)), clonazepam (Klonopin(®)), levetiracetam (Keppra(®)), propranolol (Inderal(®)), and clonidine (Catapres(®)), and they would be clinically reasonable to try. Gabapentin (Neurontin(®) and others) has a good safety profile and would be appropriate to consider, although no controlled trials confirm its efficacy. The efficacy of ginkgo biloba should be balanced against its safety concerns. Essential fatty acids have not been shown to be effective. Antioxidant therapies, including vitamin E, melatonin, and vitamin B₆, could conceivably be used together with other drug therapies for the treatment of TD.

Topics: Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Agents; Fatty Acids, Essential; GABA Modulators; Humans; Movement Disorders

Topics: Acute Disease; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Agents; Heart Function Tests; Humans; Male; Movement Disorders; Myocardial Infarction; Treatment Outcome; Walking

Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Humans; Infant; Movement Disorders; Muscle Relaxants, Central

Topics: Brain; Cardiovascular Agents; Carisoprodol; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Infant; Movement Disorders; Muscle Relaxants, Central

Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Carisoprodol; Child; Disabled Children; Infant; Movement Disorders; Muscle Relaxants, Central

Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Humans; Movement Disorders; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Nervous System Diseases

Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Dihydroergotoxine; Ergot Alkaloids; Gait; Humans; Intermittent Claudication; Movement Disorders; Oxytocics