cardiovascular-agents and Mouth-Diseases

Oral health is an imperative part of overall human health. Oral disorders are often unreported, but are highly troublesome to human health in a long-standing situation. A strong association exists between cardiovascular drugs and oral adverse effects. Indeed, several cardiovascular drugs employed clinically have been reported to cause oral adverse effects such as xerostomia, oral lichen planus, angioedema, aphthae, dysgeusia, gingival enlargement, scalded mouth syndrome, cheilitis, glossitis and so forth. Oral complications might in turn worsen the cardiovascular disease condition as some reports suggest an adverse correlation between periodontal oral disease pathogenesis and cardiovascular disease. These are certainly important to be understood for a better use of cardiovascular medicines and control of associated oral adverse effects. This review sheds lights on the oral adverse effects pertaining to the clinical use of cardiovascular drugs. Above and beyond, an adverse correlation between oral disease and cardiovascular disease has been discussed.

Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Mouth Diseases

Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Dentistry; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hypertension; Mouth Diseases; Oral Hygiene

Oral drug reactions have many clinical manifestations and are produced by numerous medications. These reactions may be the result of an allergic reaction to systemically administered drugs or as an indirect effect of the action of the drug on other tissues. Other oral drug reactions may be the result of local or topical medications. These reactions are either a result of an allergic, delayed-type hypersensitivity, or a local primary irritation. The appearance may be nonspecific or it may resemble several distinct clinical entities. The diagnosis of these oral drug reactions is made with a good clinical history and examination, along with a high index of suspicion. Often there are multiple factors involved that complicate the clinical picture. The clinician who is familiar with the types of oral drug reactions caused by medications, the mechanisms by which these reactions occur, and which medications are most likely to cause the reaction will be prepared to make the correct diagnosis and treatment recommendations.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Mouth Diseases

The aim of this work was to determine the frequency and nature of oral manifestations secondary to use of cardiovascular drugs.. Five hundred and thirty one patients attending an adult cardiology clinic in Saudi Arabia were questioned about the occurrence of oral dryness, dysgeusia, or burning sensation and were clinically evaluated for the presence of oral mucosal or gingival disease. Data were statistically analyzed with chi-squared tests, odds ratios and Student's t-test.. Oral symptoms and/or signs were recorded in 75 (14.1%) patients with xerostomia being the most common (7.5%), followed by lichenoid (lichen planus-like) lesions (3.6%) and dysgeusia (1.9%). Xerostomia was significantly more frequent in patients with a history of diabetes mellitus and in female patients (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between patients with or without oral manifestations when age, gender, cardiovascular risk factor, cardiac disease, type of cardiac drug used or the number of medications were assessed. There was a trend for xerostomia to be less frequent in patients receiving therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and a slight trend of xerostomia to be more likely with increased number of non-cardiac and total number of agents per subject. The number of non-cardiac and total medications taken by patients with potential oral manifestations tended to be greater than that of patients without oral manifestations.. The frequency of potential oral manifestations in patients receiving cardiovascular agents was 14.1%. The occurrence and character of the oral manifestations had no significant relation with individual cardiac drugs, although there was a trend for oral manifestations to be likely with increasing number of drugs.

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cardiovascular Agents; Cohort Studies; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Complications; Diuretics; Dysgeusia; Female; Gingival Diseases; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypertension; Lichenoid Eruptions; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Paresthesia; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Vasodilator Agents; Xerostomia; Young Adult

Dry mouth is a common disorder in elderly individuals. It is not, however, necessarily related to decreased salivary flow rate, since subjective feelings of oral dryness have also been found in those with normal flow rates. The aim of this study was to examine in elderly individuals the prevalence of subjective complaints related to dry mouth, and their association with salivary flow rates and the use of systemic medication. In 1990 and 1991, 368 elderly inhabitants of Helsinki, Finland, had their oral health status examined. In addition to the clinical examination, 341 subjects were interviewed regarding different oral and non-oral complaints related to dry mouth. Findings showed that 46% (n = 158) of the subjects had noticed subjective symptoms of dry mouth. Continuous oral dryness was reported by 12% (n = 40) of the subjects, 6% of the men and 14% of the women (p < 0.05). In these 40, the oral and non-oral symptoms were more frequent in subjects reporting continuous dry mouth compared with controls. Continuous dry mouth was clearly associated with the female gender, with mouth breathing and with the use of systemic medications.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Albuterol; Beclomethasone; Cardiovascular Agents; Diuretics; Female; Finland; Geriatric Assessment; Humans; Male; Mouth Breathing; Mouth Diseases; Prevalence; Salivation; Secretory Rate; Sex Factors; Stimulation, Chemical; Surveys and Questionnaires; Theophylline; Xerostomia

The records of 268 patients were used to assess the effects of five disease/drug complexes on the number of postinsertion visits in complete denture wearers. The data were analyzed with SAS and BMDP computer packages. The results showed a statistically significant increase in the number of postinsertion visits in patients who had central nervous system or psychiatric disorders. Practitioners are alerted to consider the ergonomic implications at the outset of treatment.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Central Nervous System Agents; Central Nervous System Diseases; Chi-Square Distribution; Dental Care for Aged; Dental Care for Chronically Ill; Denture Retention; Denture, Complete; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Humans; Male; Masticatory Muscles; Mental Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Movement; Office Visits; Pain; Prosthesis Fitting; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Xerostomia

The increasing proportion of elderly people in American society offers a challenge to dental hygienists. It is important that dental hygienists possess a basic knowledge of medications generally prescribed for the elderly. The purpose of this paper is to inform the practicing hygienist about the drugs most commonly used by the elderly. General physiological results of aging that affect drug therapy, four basic categories of drugs prescribed for the elderly, and drug-induced oral conditions are discussed. In addition, reference manuals are recommended for use at chairside by the practicing hygienist.

Topics: Aged; Analgesics; Antidepressive Agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Dental Care for Aged; Dental Hygienists; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Mouth Diseases