cardiovascular-agents and Glaucoma

Secondary and tertiary sulfonamides (R-SO(2)NR(1)R(2)) are defined by the single or double N-alkyl or N-aryl/heteroaryl substitution of the primary sulfonamide respectively. They can be obtained easily by the classical S(N)2 or nucleophile acyl substitution displacements using the appropriate synthones. Many classes of compounds used in therapy present the substituted sulfonamide groups and there is also a continuous interest in different fields such as the herbicides herein schematically reported.. The intent of this article is to give a comprehensive overview of the most important patents in the last decade related to pathologies of great interest. All selected patents claim new compounds bearing the secondary or/and tertiary sulfonamide moiety, and state to have biological activities. The article is neither intended for detailed discussions of the sulfonamides mode of action on the specific therapeutic targets, nor for their contribution to the physicochemical properties of the molecules they are introduced into, as the scientific literature in such topics is exhaustive and in many cases, debates are still ongoing. The main fields covered are related to pathologies affecting the CNS, cardiac disorders, anti-virals, inflammation diseases, glaucoma, bone remodeling, anti-cancer, and finally a section is also dedicated to herbicides.. The insertion of the secondary/tertiary sulfonamide group into the organic scaffolds is chemically straightforward and not associated to particular toxicity in the cells or in the organisms. Therefore, it is possible to create large libraries of compounds, which can be tested for different diseases. As demonstrated by the patents reported in the present review, the research in medicinal chemistry, and other fields, takes big advantages as new leads are created, and might be further developed.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antiviral Agents; Bone Remodeling; Cardiovascular Agents; Central Nervous System Agents; Drug Design; Glaucoma; Herbicides; Humans; Molecular Structure; Patents as Topic; Structure-Activity Relationship; Sulfonamides

The aim of this article is to study peripapillary retinal blood flow in patients with progressive and stable exfoliation glaucoma (ExG).. Fifty-eight eyes with ExG were included; 25 of them had progressive and 33 stable glaucoma. Retinal blood flow in the peripapillary retina was measured with scanning laser Doppler flowmetry. Acquired flow maps were analysed with the automatic full-field perfusion image analyser. Multiple logistic regression was used to model progression of glaucoma.. Mean retinal flow (MF; correlation coefficient, P-value; R = 0.36, P = 0.006) and retinal minimum diastolic flow (R = 0.33, P = 0.011) were positively correlated with visual field mean defect (MD). Factors associated with progressive glaucoma were mean intraocular pressure (OR = 1.198 for each mmHg; P = 0.050) and visual field MD (OR = 1.134 for each dB; P = 0.013). Age (P = 0.35), MF (P = 0.58), or presence of cardiovascular disease (P = 0.17) were not associated with glaucoma progression.. No difference in peripapillary retinal blood flow between progressive and stable ExG could be found.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exfoliation Syndrome; Glaucoma; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Middle Aged; Optic Disk; Regional Blood Flow; Retinal Vessels; Visual Fields

We used antiischemic cardiovascular preparation mildronat as neuroprotective and cytoprotective therapy to treat and prevent glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Prescription of mildronat was given to 35 patients. From 35 patients 20 were women and 15 men, at the age 40-75, visual acuity 0.1-1.0, Pt=18-24, treatment course 2,5-3 months. Before and after treatment patients were observed with routine methods (visometry, tonometry, determinig visual field on goldman spheroperymeter) and besides that on automated static perimetry Humphrey (30-2; 24-2; Armally) and Medmont studio (Glaucoma test; Full test). Also we used method of biomicroophtalmoscopy by positive lens +83 dptr on slit lamp and described optic nerve head with our scheme. According to the subjective and objective data positive dynamics were signed in 34 patients (63 eyes), negative dynamics in 1 patient (2 eyes). Glaucoma is medical and social problem in many countries. With the difference of expensive methods in prevention and treatment of glaucomatous optic neuropathy, using a mildronat as neuroprotective and cytoprotective drug is available for the majority of glaucoma patients. We recommend using mildronat in patients with primary open angle glaucoma with normolised intraocular pressure and in patients with normal tension glaucoma.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Agents; Female; Glaucoma; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Methylhydrazines; Middle Aged; Optic Nerve; Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic

Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Glaucoma; Humans; Ischemia; Male; Ocular Hypertension; Optic Atrophy; Optic Disk; Sclerostomy; Trabeculectomy; Visual Fields

We analyzed the determinants of serious falls among 489 ambulatory elders aged 65 years and older who received a comprehensive examination at a glaucoma consultation service. For the previous year, at least one fall requiring medical attention or restricted activity was reported by 9.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.0% to 12.2%) of participants. Using logistic regression to adjust for potential confounding variables, the greatest single risk factor for falls was the use of nonmiotic topical eye medications (odds ratio [OR], 5.4; 95% Cl, 1.8 to 16.4). Additional risk factors for falls were female sex (OR, 2.3; 95% Cl, 1.1 to 4.7) and use of cardiac medications (OR, 2.5; 95% Cl, 1.1 to 5.6). Three other characteristics were also associated with the risk of falls: use of miotic eye medications (OR, 3.2; 95% Cl, 1.0 to 10.1); visual field impairment of 40% or greater (OR, 3.0; 95% Cl, 0.94 to 9.8); and use of sedatives (OR, 2.4; 95% Cl, 0.89 to 6.7). These findings suggest that ocular and systemic medications are the major predictors of falls even in this elderly population seeking ophthalmologic care for glaucoma. Medications appear to pose a greater risk for falls than even major visual impairment.

Topics: Accidental Falls; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Agents; Female; Glaucoma; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Ophthalmic Solutions; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Visual Fields

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Cardiovascular Agents; Cortisone; Glaucoma; Humans; Mydriatics; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Ocular Hypertension; Ophthalmic Solutions; Parasympatholytics; Psychotropic Drugs; Sympathomimetics

Topics: Anesthesia; Cardiovascular Agents; Glaucoma; Iatrogenic Disease; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Topics: Antiparkinson Agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Glaucoma; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Parkinson Disease; Trihexyphenidyl

Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Glaucoma; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Pilocarpine