cardiovascular-agents and Asthma

This article is the fifth in a series of CPD articles aimed at reviewing the recent general medical literature relating to topics that may be of interest to dermatologists. This issue looks at advances in cardiorespiratory medicine, including the management of pulmonary embolism and prevention of venous thromboembolism (VT), recent treatment strategies in childhood asthma, and an update on dermatological adverse reactions to cardiovascular drugs.

Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cardiovascular Agents; Drug Eruptions; Humans; Nicorandil; Pulmonary Embolism; Venous Thromboembolism

Statins are pluripotent agents exhibiting multiple non-lipid-lowering actions. Besides their established role in the management of hypercholesterolemia, statins may also have beneficial actions in other pathological conditions, namely: a) osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related bone fractures, b) cancer, c) solid organ transplantation, d) cerebrovascular events (transient ischemic attack and stroke episodes), e) various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis, f) cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure, g) renal diseases, h) rheumatoid arthritis, i) autoimmune diseases, j) sepsis, and k) allergic asthma. We reviewed the literature searching for studies that support or oppose the use of statins in each proposed indication. In some of these emerging indications, a role for statin treatment is more firmly set; for others, current evidence is more controversial. Future trials may reveal more convincing evidence that will make statin use necessary in the therapeutic management of several diseases.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Asthma; Autoimmune Diseases; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Kidney Diseases; Neoplasms; Nervous System Diseases; Neuroprotective Agents; Organ Transplantation; Osteoporosis; Sepsis

The treatment for asthma usually involves a combination of drugs used for bronchodilation and to treat underlying airway inflammation. When asthma is severe, the regimen used to treat asthma can become quite complicated, often using as many as 3 or 4 separate pharmacological agents. As patients with asthma get older, their medication regimen can become even more complex with the development of numerous other age-related diseases requiring their own list of medications. Diseases of the joints, diseases of the eye, cardiovascular disease, neurological disease and urological problems represent the most common conditions that patients develop, at times needing medications which might interfere with asthma management. Many of these diseases require the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, well known to provoke wheezing in patients with intrinsic asthma, and diseases of the eye and cardiovascular system frequently require use of beta-blockers which can cause or exacerbate asthma. Managing patients with asthma who have other diseases requires constant supervision of their medication usage and careful and cautious review of the entire list of medications at each presentation.

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Asthma; Bone Diseases; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Eye Diseases; Humans

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Complementary Therapies; Drug Therapy; Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Hypolipidemic Agents; Middle Aged; Pharmacology, Clinical

Topics: Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Circadian Rhythm; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans

The animal and human pharmacology of several new drugs (prazosin, trimazosin, pirbuterol, and carbazeran) useful in the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) is delineated in relation to the pharmacology of other agents employed for CHF management. Prazosin and trimazosin are selective alpha 1-blockers that cause a balanced increase in cardiac output (CO) and reduction in left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP); the reduction in diastolic blood pressure with these drugs is significantly related to increase in treadmill exercise, fall in LVFP, and increase in CO. Pirbuterol is a relatively selective beta 2-agonist with somewhat greater effects on CO than on LVFP. Early promise in CHF therapy is being shown by a novel series of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitors with combined direct inotropic and vasodilator effects. Double-blind long-term studies demonstrate persistent efficacy of prazosin and trimazosin in CHF as measured by improvement in New York Heart Association functional class, treadmill exercise performance, and noninvasive measures of cardiac function; these data are supported by studies in which repeat cardiac catheterization has been performed after several months of therapy. Double-blind studies of other CHF drugs are in progress.

Topics: Animals; Asthma; Carbamates; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Ethanolamines; Heart Failure; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Piperazines; Prazosin; Quinazolines; Vasodilator Agents

Topics: Alkylating Agents; Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Central Nervous System Depressants; Diuretics; Drug Therapy; Expectorants; Hormones; Humans; Hypolipidemic Agents; Metabolism; Parasympatholytics; Pharmacology; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Rheumatic Diseases

To investigate the clinical effectiveness of pioglitazone in the combination treatment of patients with asthma concurrent with coronary heart disease (CHD).. Fifty patients aged 40-75 years with asthma concurrent with CHD were examined. External respiratory function (ERF), electrocardiograms, blood pressure (BP), and anthropometric measurements were assessed in all the patients. Blood and urine laboratory values and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations were estimated; endothelial function was determined measuring endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation (EDVD and EIVD). The patients were randomized into a comparison group receiving only standard therapy and a study group taking pioglitazone as part of combination therapy for 3 months.. At the randomization stage prior to pioglitazone combination therapy, the patient groups did not statistically significantly differ in basic clinical and anamnestic data. Three-month standard therapy resulted in stabilization of ERF and endothelial function. During the treatment, there were increases in the frequency of asthma symptoms and the duration of angina attacks, however, there was a decline in hs-CRP levels (p<0.001). Incorporation of pioglitazone into the standard treatment regimen of patients with asthma concurrent with CHD improved clinical disease control, decreased the degree of bronchial obstruction and the frequency of angina pain and asthma attacks using nitroglycerin and salbutamol, lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure, improved EDVD (increases in the maximum linear velocity of blood flow after a test for reactive hyperemia (RH), index of reactivity (IR), and A% brachial artery (BA) diameter) and EIVD (increases in IR and A% BA diameter), and reduced systemic inflammation from hs-CRP values (p<0.001) and hypercholesterolemia from total cholesterol levels (p<0.02).. The incorporation of pioglitazone in the combination therapy of patients with asthma concurrent with CHD improves the clinical course of the diseases and increases their control, reduces systemic inflammation, and improves endothelial functional activity.. Цель исследования. Изучить особенности клинической эффективности пиоглитазона в комплексной терапии больных, страдающих бронхиальной астмой (БА) в сочетании с ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС). Материалы и методы. Обследовали 50 пациентов с БА в сочетании с ИБС в возрасте 40-75 лет. У всех оценивали функцию внешнего дыхания (ФВД), электрокардиограмму, артериальное давление (АД) и антропометрические показатели. Проводили оценку лабораторных показателей крови и мочи, определяли концентрацию высокочувствительного С-реактивного белка (вч-СРБ), функцию эндотелия с измерением зависимой и независимой от эндотелия вазодилатации (ЗЭВД и НЗЭВД). Пациентов рандомизировали на группу сравнения, которая получала только стандартную терапию, и основную группу, в которой в составе комплексной терапии больные получали пиоглитазон в течение 3 мес. Результаты. Группы пациентов на этапе рандомизации до включения в комплексную терапию пиоглитазона статистически значимо не различались по основным клиническим и анамнестическим данным. Стандартная 3-месячная терапия приводила к стабилизации показателей ФВД и функции эндотелия. В процессе лечения увеличились частота симптомов БА, длительность ангинозных приступов, однако отмечалось снижение уровня вч-СРБ (p<0,001). Включение пиоглитазона в стандартную терапию больных БА в сочетании с ИБС приводило к улучшению клинического контроля над заболеваниями, уменьшению степени обструкции бронхов, снижению частоты ангинозных болей и приступов БА с применением нитроглицерина и сальбутамола, систолического и диастолического АД, улучшению показателей ЗЭВД (увеличению показателей максимальной линейной скорости кровотока после пробы с реактивной гиперемией - РГ, индекса реактивности - ИР, Δ% диаметра плечевой артерии - ПА) и НЗЭВД (увеличению ИР и Δ% диаметра ПА), снижению уровня системного воспаления по показателю вч-СРБ (p<0,001) и гиперхолестеринемии по показателю общего холестерина (p<0,02). Заключение. Включение пиоглитазона в комплексную терапию пациентов с БА в сочетании с ИБС улучшает клиническое течение заболеваний и повышает контроль над их течением, снижает уровень системного воспаления и улучшает функциональную активность эндотелия.

Topics: Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Coronary Disease; Drug Monitoring; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Heart Function Tests; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Middle Aged; Pioglitazone; Respiratory Function Tests; Thiazolidinediones; Treatment Outcome

Zatebradine, a member of a novel class of drugs called 'sinus node inhibitors', is a specific heart rate lowering drug suitable for the treatment of stable angina pectoris. Animal studies showed that relatively high intravenous doses of zatebradine contracted guinea-pig airways by a histamine-like mechanism. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess the bronchopulmonary effects in asthmatic patients who showed a moderate to severe bronchial hyperreactivity towards histamine (PC20 FEV1 < or = 1 mg/ml). Moreover, it had to be established to what extent the bronchial responsiveness to inhaled salbutamol was retained and whether pulmonary effects were related to the severity of bronchial hyperreactivity. By means of a double-blind cross-over design, single oral doses of zatebradine (10 mg) or placebo were administered on two occasions with a washout phase of at least 3 days. Sixteen patients, four female and 12 male, with stable mild to moderate bronchial asthma (FEV1 less than 80% predicted) were selected. Their mean age was 54 years and the mean FEV1 was 1.831 (59% predicted). They showed a mean improvement in FEV1 of 27% 15 min after inhaling 200 micrograms salbutamol; the mean PC20 was 0.35 mg/ml. Following test drug intake, the respiratory and cardiac effects were assessed at regular time intervals up to 6 h after administration. In comparison to placebo, zatebradine induced small, but significant (P < 0.05), mean falls of 128 ml and 168 ml in FEV1 at 3 h and 6 h after drug intake. A large inter-individual variation in response was noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Albuterol; Asthma; Benzazepines; Bronchial Hyperreactivity; Cardiovascular Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Histamine; Humans; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Respiratory Function Tests; Sinoatrial Node

Alinidine is a new bradycardic agent which has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of coronary heart disease. Patients with both coronary heart disease and obstructive lung disease are difficult to treat, because the use of beta-blockers in them is greatly limited by their potential to provoke bronchospasm. Alinidine has no beta-blocking, muscarinic or quinidine-like properties. In a randomized double-blind cross-over study the heart rate reducing effect and safety of alinidine 40 mg p.o. has been examined in 12 symptom-free asthmatics. Alinidine significantly reduced mean heart rate from 81 +/- 10.5 beats/min to 65 +/- 9.7 beats/min two hours after administration. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), vital capacity (CV), airway resistance (Raw), functional residual capacity (FRC), and specific airway conductance (SGaw) were not affected. It is concluded that alinidine did not influence respiratory function in patients with bronchial hypersensitivity.

Topics: Adult; Asthma; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Agents; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Random Allocation; Respiratory Function Tests

The animal and human pharmacology of several new drugs (prazosin, trimazosin, pirbuterol, and carbazeran) useful in the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) is delineated in relation to the pharmacology of other agents employed for CHF management. Prazosin and trimazosin are selective alpha 1-blockers that cause a balanced increase in cardiac output (CO) and reduction in left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP); the reduction in diastolic blood pressure with these drugs is significantly related to increase in treadmill exercise, fall in LVFP, and increase in CO. Pirbuterol is a relatively selective beta 2-agonist with somewhat greater effects on CO than on LVFP. Early promise in CHF therapy is being shown by a novel series of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitors with combined direct inotropic and vasodilator effects. Double-blind long-term studies demonstrate persistent efficacy of prazosin and trimazosin in CHF as measured by improvement in New York Heart Association functional class, treadmill exercise performance, and noninvasive measures of cardiac function; these data are supported by studies in which repeat cardiac catheterization has been performed after several months of therapy. Double-blind studies of other CHF drugs are in progress.

Topics: Animals; Asthma; Carbamates; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Ethanolamines; Heart Failure; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Piperazines; Prazosin; Quinazolines; Vasodilator Agents

Differences in the absolute flow and volume of maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves have been studied extensively in health and disease. However, the shapes of MEFV curves have received less attention. We questioned if the MEFV curve shape was associated with (i) expiratory flow limitation (EFL) in health and (ii) changes in bronchial caliber in asthmatics. Using the slope-ratio (SR) index, we quantified MEFV curve shape in 84 healthy subjects and 8 matched asthmatics. Healthy subjects performed a maximal exercise test to assess EFL. Those with EFL during had a greater SR (1.15 ± 0.20 vs. 0.85 ± 0.20, p<0.05) yet, there was no association between maximal oxygen consumption and SR (r=0.14, p>0.05). Asthmatics average SR was greater than the healthy subjects (1.35 ± 0.03 vs. 0.90 ± 0.11, p<0.05), but there were no differences when bronchial caliber was manipulated. In conclusion, a greater SR is related to EFL and this metric could aid in discriminating between groups known to differ in the absolute size of MEFV curves.

Topics: Adult; Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Exercise; Exercise Test; Female; Helium; Humans; Male; Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume Curves; Oxygen; Retrospective Studies; Spirometry

Bronchial asthma (BA) is a serious problem. It was found that the frequency of arterial hypertension (AH) detection in patients with asthma is about 30 %. At patients practically all types of violations of a warm rhythm meet a bronkhoobstruktivny syndrome. Emergence of rather new preparations - If-blockers, opens new opportunities in correction of heart rate (HR) and a cardioprotection at a combination of AH and BA.. To assess therapy diltiazem-retard and ivabradine on structurally functional changes of a cardiac muscle and HR at patients with AH in combination with BA.. Patients (n=91) with BA with AH 1, 2. All patients were outpatients and taken therapy on BA with inhaled corticosteroids. The patients used a 2-agonists. All patients were performed the echocardioscopy on Acuson 128XP/ 10c (USA). Holter monitor ECG (HM-EKG) was found myocardium ischemia - 18 patients, research was continued by 73 persons. The patients were divided into 2 groups. In the first group made n=37, age 53+/-7,64, received diltiazem-retard. The second group included n=36, age 51,2+/-7,13 years - ivabradine. Duration of observation is 12 weeks.. Therapy ivabradine and diltiazem at patients BA according to HM-EKG reliable decrease in frequency of registration of ventricular extrasistoliya in days and heart rate (HR) (<0,05), the quantity of supraventricular extrasistoliya per day doubtfully decreased. Diltiazem wasn't more effective concerning decrease in HR, ventricular and supraventricular extrasistoliya, when comparing with ivabradine (>0,05). The result of 12 week therapy ivabradine at patients with a combination of AH and BA more significant was observed in comparison with diltiazem, regression a hypertrophy of the left ventricle, improvement of diastolic function and almost full regression of warm ektopiya. The tendency was to decrease and stabilization arterial pressure and decrease in HR to purpose level.

Topics: Aged; Asthma; Benzazepines; Cardiovascular Agents; Electrocardiography; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; Heart; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Ivabradine; Middle Aged

To determine the prevalence and analyze the most relevant clinical characteristics of three clinical phenotypes of COPD: emphysema (type 1), chronic bronchitis (type 2) or COPD-asthma (type 3).. Observational, multicenter study performed with 331 COPD patients recruited in pulmonology outpatient services. The stratification in three phenotypes was performed with imaging tests, pulmonary function, and a standardized clinical questionnaire.. The 43.2% presented an emphysematous phenotype, 44.7% were chronic bronchitic and the other 12.1% presented a phenotype showing mixed characteristics with asthma. There were no significant differences in the smoking level, in the gasometric values or time of disease evolution. Type 1 patients showed lower FEV1 values in comparison with types 2 and 3, 46.6% (21.1), 55.2% (21.2) and 54.4% (21.8), respectively (p < 0.05), and greater levels of dyspnea (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the percentage of patients who had at least one exacerbation in the last year (68.8%, 63.9%, 64.9%; p = 0.25), in the number of exacerbations (p = 0.56), in the number of visits to the ER (total and due to COPD), or in the number of hospital admittances. Type 2 patients showed a greater prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities and of sleep apnea syndrome (4.9%, 23.6% and 12.5%, respectively, p < 0.001).. In COPD, emphysematous patients present worse pulmonary function and greater dyspnea, although there were no differences in the use of hospital health care resources. The greater comorbidity in Group 2 patients may require specific strategies in this subgroup of patients.

Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Asthma; Bronchitis; Cardiovascular Agents; Chronic Disease; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dyspnea; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Health Services; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Prevalence; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Pulmonary Emphysema; Quality of Life; Spain

Topics: Adult; Asthma; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Cardiovascular Agents; Cesarean Section; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyspnea; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; Female; Humans; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome

To examine the overall morbidity of patients who underwent surgery for congenital cardiac defect during childhood.. A congenital cardiac defect treated with surgery is seldom totally cured. The incidence of residua, sequelae, and comorbidity is quite high. The morbidity has not been thoroughly examined.. Medication was used as an indicator of morbidity. Data from the Finnish Research Registry of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery were linked to data from the medication registry of Finland's Social Insurance Institution. This study includes 5116 patients with a mean age of 33.5 (ranged from 14.7 to 64.8) years, who had undergone surgery for congenital cardiac defect between 1953 and 1989. The use of medicines among patients in 2004 was compared with 10232 age- and sex-matched control subjects.. The overall use of medicines was frequent; 62% of patients and 53% of controls had purchased at least one prescribed medicine (risk ratio: 1.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.1-1.2). The number of patients using cardiovascular medicines (17%) and anti-thrombotic agents (5%) was higher than that of control subjects (risk ratio: 2.2 and 8.4). In addition, the patients needed medicinal care for epilepsy (3%), asthma (7%), and psychiatric diseases (10%) more often than did controls (risk ratio: 2.2, 1.5, and 1.3, respectively).. Patients operated on for congenital cardiac defect had more chronic diseases and used more medicines than did controls.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Asthma; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Chronic Disease; Epilepsy; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Young Adult

5-Lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) has been implicated in a number of different pathophysiological conditions owing to its involvement in leukotriene synthesis. Development of FLAP inhibitors has attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to genetic data supporting their potential as a valid pharmacological approach in prevention or treatment of atherosclerotic disease.. Since 2005, among other companies, Merck applied for several FLAP inhibitor patents. Patent WO 2008/030369 is the most recent and discloses novel molecules that act as potent inhibitors of FLAP. These compounds are claimed to be useful in the treatment of atherosclerosis, asthma, symptoms of allergic rhinitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease either in monotherapy or in combination with established treatments for the above-mentioned disorders. Although data for the potency of representative molecules from the current patent are reported, it is difficult to compare these compounds with previously described compounds.. Two FLAP inhibitors are already in clinical development for the treatment of respiratory and atherosclerotic disease by other pharmaceutical companies. Based on the in vitro activities of representative tested compounds from this patent, it is probable that these agents could be of therapeutic value but further preclinical studies are needed to evaluate their therapeutic potential and safety before clinical development.

Topics: 5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Proteins; Aniline Compounds; Animals; Asthma; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Agents; Carrier Proteins; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Structure; Patents as Topic; Pyridines; Respiratory System Agents; Structure-Activity Relationship

Research and practice indicate that a sizeable amount of prescribed drugs is never used.. To assess the habitual up-take of medicines in subjects with respiratory symptoms/diseases or impaired lung function in general population samples.. Data regard 4010 subjects (8-88 years) from the rural area of Po River Delta (North Italy) and the urban area of Pisa (North-Central Italy). Analyses concern the habitual use of any or specific medicines (broncho-pulmonary, anti-allergic, cardio-vascular, diuretic) in subjects with asthma, chronic bronchitis/emphysema (COPD), COPD or chronic cough/phlegm (COPDsx), and airways obstruction (AO, FEV(1)/FVC<70%).. Asthma, COPD, COPDsx, and AO were present in 6%, 5%, 21%, and 13% of cases, respectively. Only 37% and 21% of subjects with respiratory symptoms/diseases used any or specific medicines, respectively. The subjects with COPD exhibited the highest prevalence of assumption (59% for any drug, 38% for specific medicines), followed by asthmatics (42% and 30%), and subjects with AO (40% and 25%). After accounting for sex, age, residence area, smoking habit, education, and presence of comorbidity, the conditions significantly related to any medicine up-take were COPD (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.08-2.53) and asthma (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.01-2.12). Only asthma resulted significantly associated with the use of specific drugs (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.94-4.97). Drug use was higher in the urban than in the rural area.. The results indicate that most people in the general population do not use drugs, in spite of reported respiratory disorders. The underuse of medicines seems lower in the urban area.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Allergic Agents; Asthma; Attitude to Health; Bronchodilator Agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Diuretics; Humans; Italy; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Regression Analysis; Respiration Disorders; Rural Health; Treatment Refusal

A study was made of the effect of beta 1-adrenoblockers (metoprolol, atenolol, talinolol) on bronchial patency in patients with concomitant bronchial asthma (BA) under acute drug use and in the course of continuous therapy. Broncho-obstructive complications occurring in part of the patients were not associated with the disease gravity or with the pathogenetic variety of BA. Besides, they were not associated with the drug dose either (use was made of the mean therapeutic dosage range). The rate and the intensity of bronchial patency abnormalities occurring in the course of the continuous treatment with beta 1-adrenoblockers (with metoprolol, in particular) depended on the initial status of the adrenergic regulation of the body. Significant disorders of bronchial patency including clinically marked ones were naturally observed with initially low excretion of cAMP in the morning portion of urine (less than 3 mmole/1).

Topics: Administration, Sublingual; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angina Pectoris; Asthma; Bronchi; Cardiovascular Agents; Coronary Disease; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Middle Aged; Time Factors

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Asthma; Bronchitis; Bronchodilator Agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Expectorants; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infusions, Parenteral; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Parasympatholytics; Sputum; Sympathomimetics; Therapeutics; Toxicology; Triamcinolone

Topics: Aminopyrine; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Drug Therapy; Humans; Methenamine; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Syndrome; Theophylline

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Cataract; Glucocorticoids; Humans

Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Colitis; Hypertension; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Parasympatholytics; Vasodilator Agents

Topics: Acetylcholine; Asthma; Bronchial Diseases; Cardiovascular Agents; Isoproterenol; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Parasympatholytics

Topics: Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Theophylline

Topics: Anti-Allergic Agents; Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Child; Ephedrine; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Infant; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Pharmaceutical Solutions; Phenobarbital; Theophylline

Topics: Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Guaifenesin; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Research; Theophylline

Topics: Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Theophylline

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Forced Expiratory Volume; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Spirometry; Sympathomimetics

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Dermatologic Agents; Glucocorticoids; Humans

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Glucocorticoids

Topics: Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Disease Management; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Psychotherapy, Multiple; Status Asthmaticus

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Glucocorticoids; Humans

Topics: Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Hypertension; Muscle Relaxants, Central

Topics: Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Expectorants; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Sympathomimetics

Topics: Aminopyrine; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Diphenhydramine; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Theophylline

Topics: Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Humans; Lobelia; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Theophylline

Topics: Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Epinephrine; Muscle Relaxants, Central

Topics: Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central

Topics: Asthma; Bis-Trimethylammonium Compounds; Cardiovascular Agents; Dyspnea; Dyspnea, Paroxysmal; Muscle Relaxants, Central

Topics: Acetates; Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Tropanes

Topics: Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Diphenhydramine; Ephedrine; Humans; Khellin; Muscle Relaxants, Central

Topics: Asthma; Caffeine; Cardiovascular Agents; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central

Topics: Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Parasympatholytics

Topics: Analgesics; Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Muscle Relaxants, Central

Topics: Asthma; Cardiovascular Agents; Epinephrine; Ergot Alkaloids; Humans; Sympatholytics; Sympathomimetics